Open Access

ARTICLE

Qiuyu Lu¹, Yunqi Yan², Yang Liu¹, Ying Chen^2,*, Yinguo Yang¹, Tannan Xiao³, Guobing Wu¹
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.12, pp. 4799-4814, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069131 - 27 November 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Grid Integration and Electrical Engineering of Wind Energy Systems: Innovations, Challenges, and Applications)
Abstract The rapid expansion of offshore wind energy necessitates robust and cost-effective electrical collector system (ECS) designs that prioritize lifetime operational reliability. Traditional optimization approaches often simplify reliability considerations or fail to holistically integrate them with economic and technical constraints. This paper introduces a novel, two-stage optimization framework for offshore wind farm (OWF) ECS planning that systematically incorporates reliability. The first stage employs Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) to determine an optimal radial network topology, considering linearized reliability approximations and geographical constraints. The second stage enhances this design by strategically placing tie-lines using a Mixed-Integer Quadratically Constrained More >

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ARTICLE

Ratan Kumar Das^1,*, Abhijit Date¹, Harun Chowdhury¹, Hamed Hassan²
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.12, pp. 4815-4835, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.071727 - 27 November 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advanced Analytics on Energy Systems)
Abstract Bangladesh has achieved notable progress in expanding electricity access nationwide. Nonetheless, remote and topographically challenging regions such as the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) continue to face coverage gaps due to grid extension difficulties. This research investigates the technical feasibility of micro-hydro power (MHP) systems as viable off-grid solutions for rural electrification in CHT. Field surveys conducted across various sites assessed available head and flow rates using GPS-based elevation measurements and portable flow meters. Seasonal fluctuations were factored into the analysis to ensure year-round operational viability. The study involved estimating power output, selecting appropriate turbine types… More >

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REVIEW

Wang Gu¹, Yuanyuan Song², Zhihu Zhang³, Minggang Zheng^1,*
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.12, pp. 4837-4856, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069529 - 27 November 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Energy Transition in the Transport Sector: Challenges and Opportunities)
Abstract Driven by the global “dual-carbon” goals, hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are being rapidly promoted as a zero-emission transportation solution. However, their large-scale application is constrained by issues such as inefficient operation, poor information flow between vehicles and stations, and potential safety hazards, which are caused by insufficient intelligence of hydrogen refueling stations. This study aims to address these problems by deeply integrating Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) technology with hydrogen refueling stations, thereby building a safe, efficient, and low-carbon hydrogen energy application ecosystem to promote the global transition to zero-carbon transportation. Firstly, through literature review… More >

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310

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ARTICLE

Kashif Ahmed Soomro^1,2,3,*, Rahool Rai^1,3,4, S. R. Qureshi², Sudhakar Kumarasamy^4,5,6, Abdul Hameed Memon¹, Rabiya Jamil¹
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.12, pp. 4857-4872, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069847 - 27 November 2025
Abstract Plate heat exchangers suffer from significant energy losses, which adversely affect the overall efficiency of thermal systems. To address this challenge, various heat transfer enhancement techniques have been investigated. Notably, the incorporation of surface corrugations is widely recognized as both effective and practical. Chevron corrugation is the most employed design. However, there remains a need to investigate alternative geometries that may offer superior performance. This study aims to find a novel corrugation design by conducting a comparative CFD analysis of flat, square, chevron, and cylindrical corrugated surfaces, assessing their impact on heat transfer enhancement within… More >

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ARTICLE

Jian Wang¹, Hui Qi¹, Feilong Jiang^2,*, Biao Jiang³, Tiankui Sun⁴, Lingyi Ji¹, Yajun Zhao², Feifei Bu²
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.12, pp. 4873-4897, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069071 - 27 November 2025
Abstract To enhance power supply reliability and reduce customer outage time, Mobile Emergency Power Supply Vehicles (MEPSVs), including Mobile Diesel Generator Vehicles (MDGVs) and Mobile Energy Storage Vehicles (MESVs), have become indispensable sources for grid maintenance and disaster response. However, in practice, relying solely on MESVs is constrained by battery capacity, making it difficult to meet long-duration power demands. Conversely, using only MDGVs often results in low efficiency and high fuel consumption under fluctuating load conditions, posing challenges to achieving economical and efficient power supply. To address these issues, this paper investigates the parallel power supply… More >

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257

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ARTICLE

Rebhi M’hamed^1,*, Himri Youcef^2,3,*, Bouchiba Bousmaha¹, Yaichi Mouaadh¹
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.12, pp. 4899-4918, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.070806 - 27 November 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Renewable Energy Community (REC) Engineering towards Sustainable Development and Energy Poverty Reduction)
Abstract Currently, most conventional street lighting systems use a constant light mode throughout the entire night, from sunset to sunrise, which results in high energy consumption and maintenance costs. Furthermore, scientific research predicts that energy consumption for street lighting will increase in the coming years due to growing demand and rising electricity prices. The dimming strategy is a current trend and a key concept in smart street lighting systems. It involves turning on the road lights only when a vehicle or pedestrian is detected; otherwise, the control system reduces the light intensity of the lamps. Power… More >

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93

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ARTICLE

Baiyue Song¹, Chenxi Zhang², Wei Zhang^2,*, Leiyu Wan²
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.12, pp. 4919-4945, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.068971 - 27 November 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: AI-Driven Innovations in Sustainable Energy Systems: Advances in Optimization, Storage, and Conversion)
Abstract Hydrogen energy is a crucial support for China’s low-carbon energy transition. With the large-scale integration of renewable energy, the combination of hydrogen and integrated energy systems has become one of the most promising directions of development. This paper proposes an optimized scheduling model for a hydrogen-coupled electro-heat-gas integrated energy system (HCEHG-IES) using generative adversarial imitation learning (GAIL). The model aims to enhance renewable-energy absorption, reduce carbon emissions, and improve grid-regulation flexibility. First, the optimal scheduling problem of HCEHG-IES under uncertainty is modeled as a Markov decision process (MDP). To overcome the limitations of conventional deep… More >

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237

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ARTICLE

Lei Han^1,*, Wanyu Ye¹, Chunfang Liu², Shihua Huang¹, Chun Chen³, Luxin Zhan³, Siyuan Liang³
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.12, pp. 4947-4969, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069040 - 27 November 2025
Abstract In contemporary medium-voltage distribution networks heavily penetrated by distributed energy resources (DERs), the harmonic components injected by power-electronic interfacing converters, together with the inherently intermittent output of renewable generation, distort the zero-sequence current and continuously reshape its frequency spectrum. As a result, single-line-to-ground (SLG) faults exhibit a pronounced, strongly non-stationary behaviour that varies with operating point, load mix and DER dispatch. Under such circumstances the performance of traditional rule-based algorithms—or methods that rely solely on steady-state frequency-domain indicators—degrades sharply, and they no longer satisfy the accuracy and universality required by practical protection systems. To overcome… More >

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351

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ARTICLE

Fatemeh Mollaamin^1,*, Majid Monajjemi²
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.12, pp. 4971-4986, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069945 - 27 November 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advanced Analytics on Energy Systems)
Abstract Delving alternative high-performance anodes for lithium-ion batteries have always attracted scientist attention. A wide-bandgap semiconductor with excellent mechanical properties, “silicon carbide (SiC)”, has been introduced as the anode electrode. Two-dimensional SiC has special hybridization which can build it as an appropriate substitution for graphene. Energy storage technologies are keys in the extension and function of electric devices. To keep up with steady innovations in saving energy technologies, it is essential to progress corresponding practical strategies. In this research article, SiC has been designed and characterized as an anode electrode for lithium (Li), sodium (Na), beryllium… More >

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ARTICLE

Feng Zhao, Haonan Xu^*, Xiaoqiang Chen, Ying Wang
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.12, pp. 4987-5000, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.068714 - 27 November 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Construction and Control Technologies of Renewable Power Systems Based on Grid-Forming Energy Storage)
Abstract The cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverter has become one of the most widely used PV inverter topologies due to its high voltage processing capability and high quality output power. Grid-connected PV system due to external conditions such as PV panel shading, PV component damage, can lead to PV output power imbalance, triggering the system over-modulation phenomenon, which in turn leads to grid-connected current waveform distortion. To this end, an improved power balance control strategy is proposed in this paper. Firstly, according to the different modulation ratios of each H-bridge module, a suitable harmonic injection method More >

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124

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ARTICLE

Quan Li^1,*, Ziheng Zhou²
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.12, pp. 5001-5020, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.068866 - 27 November 2025
Abstract This study considers the state estimation problem of the circuit breakers (CBs), solving for random abrupt changes that occurred in power systems. With the abrupt changes randomly occurring, it is represented in a Markov chain, and then the CBs can be considered as a Markov jump system (MJS). In these MJSs, the transition probabilities are obtained from historical statistical data of the random abrupt changes when the faults occurred. Considering that the traditional Kalman filter (KF) frameworks based on MJS only depend on the subsystem of MJS, but neglect the stochastic jump between different subsystems.… More >

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177

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ARTICLE

Abdelouahab Benseddik^1,*, Djamel Daoud¹, Ahmed Badji^1,2, Hocine Bensaha¹, Tarik Hadibi^3,5, Yunfeng Wang⁴, Li Ming⁴
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.12, pp. 5021-5037, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.072991 - 27 November 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Advance and Development in Solar Energy)
Abstract In Saharan climates, greenhouses face extreme diurnal temperature fluctuations that generate thermal stress, reduce crop productivity, and hinder sustainable agricultural practices. Passive thermal storage using Phase Change Materials (PCM) is a promising solution to stabilize microclimatic conditions. This study aims to evaluate experimentally and numerically the effectiveness of PCM integration for moderating greenhouse temperature fluctuations under Saharan climatic conditions. Two identical greenhouse prototypes were constructed in Ghardaïa, Algeria: a reference greenhouse and a PCM-integrated greenhouse using calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl₂·6H₂O). Thermal performance was assessed during a five-day experimental period (7–11 May 2025) under severe ambient conditions.… More >

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ARTICLE

Hai Li¹, Ziqiang Xia^2,3,*, Majia Zheng⁴, Weiyang Xie^2,3, Jianlin Li¹, Ruiqi Gao^2,3, Gaoxiang Wang^2,3, Jiangrong Feng^2,3
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.12, pp. 5039-5054, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069036 - 27 November 2025
Abstract To explore and evaluate the longitudinal utilization degree of marine shale gas horizontal wells in southern Sichuan Basin (hereinafter referred to as “southern Sichuan”), focusing on the shale of Wufeng formation-Longyi1 sub-member in the deep Z block. By using the data from core experiments, well logging, and fracture height detection, a systematic analysis from the perspectives of reservoir distribution, longitudinal utilization height of hydraulic fractures, and longitudinal utilization degree of horizontal wells was conducted. The research results show that: (1) The overall reservoir conditions of the Wufeng formation-Longyi1 sub-member in the study area are relatively… More >

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ARTICLE

Huanan Yu¹, Xiang Zhang^1,*, Jian Wang²
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.12, pp. 5055-5071, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.067152 - 27 November 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advanced Analytics on Energy Systems)
Abstract Recent advances in AC/DC hybrid power distribution systems have enhanced convenience in daily life. However, DC distribution introduces significant power quality challenges. To address the identification and classification of DC power quality disturbances, this paper proposes a novel methodology integrating Compressed Sensing (CS) with an enhanced Stacked Denoising Autoencoder (SDAE). The proposed approach first employs MATLAB/SIMULINK to model the DC distribution network and generate DC power quality disturbance signals. The measured original signals are then reconstructed using the compressive sensing-based generalized orthogonal matching pursuit (GOMP) algorithm to obtain sparse vectors as the final dataset. Subsequently, More >

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55

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ARTICLE

Ricardo Dominico Da Silva^1,2, Jangkung Raharjo^1,3,*, Sudarmono Sasmono^1,3
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.12, pp. 5073-5090, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.071545 - 27 November 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advanced Analytics on Energy Systems)
Abstract The rapid development of technology has led to an ever-increasing demand for electrical energy. In the context of Timor-Leste, which still relies on fossil energy sources with high operational costs and significant environmental impacts, electricity load forecasting is a strategic measure to support the energy transition towards the Net Zero Emission (NZE) target by 2050. This study aims to utilize historical electricity load data for the period 2013–2024, as well as data on external factors affecting electricity consumption, to forecast electricity load in Timor-Leste in the next 10 years (2025–2035). The forecasting results are expected… More >

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268

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ARTICLE

Hao Yue¹, Di Gao², Jin Gao¹, Chengmei Wei¹, Jiali Duan³, Shaocheng Mei^3,*
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.12, pp. 5091-5109, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069140 - 27 November 2025
Abstract Against the backdrop of regional coordinated development and China’s “dual carbon” strategic objectives, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region faces an urgent need to transition from its traditional economic growth model, which is heavily reliant on resource consumption. This study investigates the decoupling dynamics among economic growth, energy consumption, and carbon emissions in the BTH region, along with the underlying driving forces, aiming to provide valuable insights for achieving the “dual carbon” targets and fostering high-quality regional development. First, the Tapio decoupling model is employed to analyze the decoupling relationships between economic growth, energy consumption, and carbon… More >

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134

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ARTICLE

Ashna Abduljabbar Haji^*, Ranj S. Abdullah^*
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.12, pp. 5111-5127, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.073367 - 27 November 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advancements in Energy Resources and Their Processes, Systems, Materials and Policies for Affordable Energy Sustainability)
Abstract The hybrid photovoltaic solar-assisted heat pump are primarily used to generate electricity and provide thermal energy for heating applications. This study investigates the performance enhancement of a hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal Solar-Assisted Heat Pump (PV/T-SAHP) system integrated with a solar tracking mechanism. The system was simulated using TRNSYS to evaluate its monthly electrical output and coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump system over a year. The results showed a significant improvement in energy generation and efficiency compared to a conventional PV/T system without SAHP system. Overall, the solar tracking configuration of the PV/T-SAHP generated… More >

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59

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ARTICLE

Erping Song^1,*, Zipin Yao²
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.12, pp. 5129-5147, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.063827 - 27 November 2025
Abstract Wind farm layout optimization is a critical challenge in renewable energy development, especially in regions with complex terrain. Micro-siting of wind turbines has a significant impact on the overall efficiency and economic viability of wind farm, where the wake effect, wind speed, types of wind turbines, etc., have an impact on the output power of the wind farm. To solve the optimization problem of wind farm layout under complex terrain conditions, this paper proposes wind turbine layout optimization using different types of wind turbines, the aim is to reduce the influence of the wake effect… More >

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134

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ARTICLE

S. Srinivasa senthil, K. Vijayakumar^*
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.12, pp. 5149-5173, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.070889 - 27 November 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advanced Energy Management and Process Optimization in Industrial Manufacturing: Towards Smart, Sustainable, and Efficient Production Systems)
Abstract Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems contribute substantially to global energy consumption, while rejecting significant amounts of low-grade heat into the environment. This paper presents a non-intrusive spiral-coil heat exchanger designed to recover waste heat from the outdoor condenser of a split-type air conditioner. The system operates externally without altering the existing HVAC configuration, thereby rendering it suitable for retrofitting. Water was circulated as the working fluid at flow rates of 0.028–0.052 kg/s to assess thermal performance. Performance indicators, including the outlet water temperature, heat transfer rate, convective coefficient, and efficiency, were systematically evaluated.… More >

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239

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ARTICLE

Shuxin Tan¹, Wei Yan², Lei Zhao¹, Xianglin Zhang^3,*, Ziqiang Man², Yu Lu², Teng Liu², Gaoyue Zhong², Weiqun Liu², Linjun Shi³
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.12, pp. 5175-5197, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.068692 - 27 November 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Renewable Energy Systems: Integrating Machine Learning for Enhanced Efficiency and Optimization)
Abstract The integration of large-scale renewable energy introduces frequency instability challenges due to inherent intermittency. While doubly-fed pumped storage units (DFPSUs) offer frequency regulation potential in pumping mode, conventional strategies fail to address hydraulic-mechanical coupling dynamics and operational constraints, limiting their effectiveness. This paper presents an innovative primary frequency control strategy for double-fed pumped storage units (DFPSUs) operating in pumping mode, integrating an adaptive parameter calculation method. This method is constrained by operational speed and power limits, addressing key performance factors. A dynamic model that incorporates the reversible pump-turbine characteristics is developed to translate frequency deviations… More >

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