Open Access

REVIEW

A Comprehensive Review of Transmission Technology for Offshore Wind-Wave Hybrid Energy System

Zhen Pan¹, Lijuan Huang¹, Kaiwen Huang¹, Feipeng Huang¹, Bo Yang^2,*
1 Guangxi Power Grid Company Ltd., Nanning, China
2 Faculty of Electric Power Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
* Corresponding Author: Bo Yang. Email:

Energy Engineering https://doi.org/10.32604/ee.2026.077000

Received 30 November 2025; Accepted 09 January 2026; Published online 26 January 2026

Abstract

With the global pursuit of carbon neutrality and the rapid development of marine renewable energy, offshore power transmission has become a key link in the integration of offshore power into onshore power grids. This paper summarizes the current advanced offshore transmission technologies, including high voltage alternating current transmission, high voltage direct current transmission, multi-terminal high voltage direct current transmission, hybrid high voltage direct current transmission, frequency division transmission, offshore overhead line transmission and energy storage transmission system. The application scenarios of various technologies are analyzed in detail: High voltage alternating current transmission is suitable for short-distance and small-capacity projects. High-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission plays a dominant role in long-distance and large-capacity offshore power transmission. Multi-terminal HVDC systems enable power transfer and distribution among multiple nodes. Hybrid terminal high-voltage direct current transmission systems combine the advantages of both technologies, thereby meeting the requirements of different application scenarios. Fractional frequency transmission system enables long-distance and large-capacity alternating current power transmission. In addition, this paper will also comprehensively evaluate and summarize the transmission performance of these transmission technologies. Finally, the future development trend is prospected, providing directions and suggestions for future research.

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Keywords

Transmission technology; offshore wind-wave hybrid system; system principle and structure; HVAC; HVDC

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