Open Access

ARTICLE

Multi-Dimensional Collaborative Optimization Strategy for Control Parameters of Thermal-Energy Storage Integrated Systems Considering Frequency Regulation Losses

Zezhong Liu, Jinyu Guo, Xingxu Zhu^*, Junhui Li
Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control & Renewable Energy Technology, Northeast Electric Power University, Ministry of Education, Jilin, 132012, China
* Corresponding Author: Xingxu Zhu. Email:

Energy Engineering https://doi.org/10.32604/ee.2025.072679

Received 01 September 2025; Accepted 20 October 2025; Published online 14 November 2025

Abstract

With the increasing penetration of renewable energy, the coordination of energy storage with thermal power for frequency regulation has become an effective means to enhance grid frequency security. Addressing the challenge of improving the frequency regulation performance of a thermal-storage primary frequency regulation system while reducing its associated losses, this paper proposes a multi-dimensional cooperative optimization strategy for the control parameters of a combined thermal-storage system, considering regulation losses. First, the frequency regulation losses of various components within the thermal power unit are quantified, and a calculation method for energy storage regulation loss is proposed, based on Depth of Discharge (DOD) and C-rate. Second, a thermal-storage cooperative control method based on series compensation is developed to improve the system’s frequency regulation performance. Third, targeting system regulation loss cost and regulation output, and considering constraints on output overshoot and system parameters, an improved Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is employed to tune the parameters of the low-pass filter and the series compensator, thereby reducing regulation losses while enhancing performance. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the total loss cost of the proposed control strategy is comparable to that of a system with only thermal power participation. However, the thermal power loss cost is reduced by 42.16% compared to the thermal-only case, while simultaneously improving system frequency stability. Thus, the proposed strategy effectively balances system frequency stability and economic efficiency.

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Keywords

Frequency regulation losses of thermal power units; energy storage frequency regulation losses; series compensation; enhanced particle swarm optimization algorithm; primary frequency regulation

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