Open Access

ARTICLE

Research on MPPT Control and Grid-Connected and Off-Grid Operation Control Strategy of Photovoltaic-Storage Microgrid Based on PSO Algorithm

Tao Wang¹, Ze Feng^1,*, Jinghao Ma², Shenhui Chen², Jihui Zhang², Tong Wang²
1 Mechanical Engineering, College of Mechanical and Equipment Engineering, New Campus, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
2 College of Mechanical and Equipment Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
* Corresponding Author: Ze Feng. Email:
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances and Emerging Trends in Photovoltaic Technologies, Energy Storage, and Green Hydrogen)

Energy Engineering https://doi.org/10.32604/ee.2025.074054

Received 30 September 2025; Accepted 20 November 2025; Published online 18 December 2025

Abstract

This paper develops an MPPT control strategy utilizing the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to enhance the tracking accuracy of photovoltaic arrays under complex operating conditions and to mitigate the transient effects on energy storage batteries during grid-connected and off-grid transitions. Initially, the operational principle of the three-phase voltage source PWM converter and the bidirectional DC/DC converter within solar power generation and energy storage systems is carefully examined, leading to the establishment of the appropriate mathematical model. Secondly, a voltage and current double closed-loop control structure utilizing feedforward decoupling is devised to meet the cooperative control requirements of multi-energy units in a microgrid. The integration of constant power (PQ) control, virtual synchronous motor (VSG) management, and constant current and voltage charging and discharging strategies facilitate the seamless interaction of energy storage systems and the smooth transition between grid-connected and off-grid states. The integration of multiple control links enhances MPPT tracking accuracy and dynamic response speed, effectively mitigating current and voltage fluctuations during the switching process, thereby significantly improving the system’s transient performance and operational stability in the microgrid. Finally, the simulation model is constructed using MATLAB/Simulink to validate the control approach presented in this paper. The simulation findings indicate that the control approach exhibits commendable dynamic performance, stability, and engineering feasibility in complicated operational settings.

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Keywords

Photovoltaic energy storage microgrid; PSO algorithm; voltage and current double closed-loop control; PQ control; VSG control

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