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Home / Journals / ENERGY / Online First / doi:10.32604/ee.2026.076359
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Research on Modeling Single-Phase Tree Contact Faults in Distribution Networks Based on Tree Temperature

Zhengzheng Fu*, Songhai Fan, Qianqiu Shao
State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company Electric Power Science Research Institute, Chengdu, China
* Corresponding Author: Zhengzheng Fu. Email: email

Energy Engineering https://doi.org/10.32604/ee.2026.076359

Received 19 November 2025; Accepted 24 July 2026; Published online 04 August 2026

Abstract

Tree-contact single-phase-to-ground faults (TSF) along transmission and distribution line corridors can ignite trees, trigger fires, and threaten normal line operation. Existing research remains unclear on the mechanism by which tree temperature influences fault evolution. This study therefore investigates fault current characteristics during TSF. First, numerical relationships between fault currents under tree temperature conditions were derived based on conductive medium transmission mechanisms and equivalent circuit models. Second, a fitting model for tree conductivity versus tree temperature was constructed; these numerical relationships were applied to iterative calculations within the fault model. A tree-line fault model based on tree temperature was established and integrated into the fault model for iterative solution, capturing the dynamic changes in the actual tree state. This enabled simulation of fault currents during the TSF process. Finally, experimental data validated the model, demonstrating that the developed equivalent model accurately fits both the magnitude and waveform of TSF currents. These findings hold significant implications for the detection, diagnosis, and prediction of TSF.

Keywords

Conductor-to-tree single-phase ground fault; tree temperature; fault current; fault model

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