Open Access

ARTICLE

Research on a Comprehensive Value Evaluation Model for Grid-Forming Energy Storage from a Power System Resilience Perspective

Huijuan Huo^1,*, Peidong Li¹, Cheng Xin¹, Xiping Ma², Wenchao Zhai³
1 State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
2 State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company Electric Power Science Research Institute, Lanzhou, China
3 School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
* Corresponding Author: Huijuan Huo. Email: ,
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Cutting-Edge Renewable Energy: Revolutionizing Conversion and Storage)

Energy Engineering https://doi.org/10.32604/ee.2026.079148

Received 15 January 2026; Accepted 10 March 2026; Published online 01 June 2026

Abstract

Faced with challenges such as declining system inertia and increased oscillation risks due to the weakening of synchronous stability mechanisms in power systems with high penetration of renewable energy, the deep strategic value of grid-forming energy storage—a key technology capable of autonomously establishing grid voltage and frequency—proves difficult to fully quantify within traditional economically-oriented energy storage evaluation systems. To address this, this paper constructs a comprehensive value evaluation indicator system for grid-forming energy storage encompassing four dimensions: stability, economic efficiency, reliability, and synergy. It proposes a hybrid decision-making model integrating a combined weighting method Grey-DEMATEL-CRITIC-Game Theory and a comprehensive evaluation approach GRA-MARCOS, to achieve scientific quantification and precise comparison of the multi-dimensional value of grid-forming energy storage. Case studies across five typical application scenarios reveal that the indicators for renewable energy hosting capacity increase, critical load guarantee duration, and virtual inertia support capacity rank highest in weight, highlighting the core value of grid-forming energy storage in system synergy, reliable support, and stability enhancement. The comprehensive evaluation results show that the overall utility function values across the scenarios range between 0.4110 and 0.4484, ranked as follows: High-Penetration Renewable Energy Base (0.4484) > Industrial Park (0.4446) > Islanded Microgrid (0.4406) > Urban Power Grid (0.4254) > Remote Weak Grid (0.4110). This verifies the model’s effectiveness in discerning the value realisation degree of grid-forming energy storage across different scenarios. Further validation confirms that the proposed method outperforms traditional models in both ranking consistency and sample discrimination, demonstrating strong robustness and distinguishing capability.

---

Keywords

Grid-forming energy storage; comprehensive value evaluation; power system resilience; hybrid multi-criteria decision-making method; model validity testing

---