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Home / Journals / ENERGY / Online First / doi:10.32604/ee.2026.086563
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ARTICLE

An Equivalent Modeling Method for Distributed Photovoltaic Systems Based on Voltage Sensitivity and Spectral Clustering

Yizhao Cheng*, Li Zhang, Bo Zhao
Automatization Engineering College, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing, China
* Corresponding Author: Yizhao Cheng. Email: email
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: AI-Enabled Resilient Distribution Networks and Active Distribution Systems)

Energy Engineering https://doi.org/10.32604/ee.2026.086563

Received 02 June 2026; Accepted 21 July 2026; Published online 12 August 2026

Abstract

To address the increasing complexity of simulation and computation caused by the integration of a high proportion of distributed photovoltaics into the grid, this paper proposes an equivalent cluster modeling method for distributed photovoltaic systems based on electrical distance and Spectral Clustering (SC). By inverting the system Jacobian matrix, the independent response relationships of voltage to active power and reactive power disturbances are derived, and a global voltage increment matrix that comprehensively accounts for the bidirectional influence of power is further constructed. On this basis, the SC algorithm is employed to achieve a rational partitioning of photovoltaic nodes in a low-dimensional space, and the capacity-weighted method is adopted to determine the equivalent parameters. The IEEE 33-bus system is built in PSASP for simulation-based validation. The results show that under voltage fluctuation and short-circuit fault conditions, the equivalent model established by the proposed method can accurately track the power response of the detailed model, with an error of less than 2%.

Keywords

Distributed photovoltaics; electrical distance; spectral clustering; voltage increment matrix; capacity-weighted method

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