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Yang Liu¹, Bo Yang^2,*, Ning Yang³, Shuai Zhou⁴
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.11, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.083523 - 24 September 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: AI in Green Energy Technologies and Their Applications)
Abstract To tackle the challenges of economic operation and low-carbon transition faced by integrated multi-energy systems (IMES) in the energy transition, this paper proposes a bi-level optimization framework considering electricity, heat, hydrogen, methane and peer-to-peer (P2P) electricity trading. Specifically, the framework constructs a Stackelberg game involving IMES operator (IMESO) and load aggregators (LAs), which aims to maximize IMESO’s revenue and maximize the residual interests of LAs. Meanwhile, a Nash bargaining game is established for cooperation among multiple IMES through peer-to-peer (P2P) electricity trading, with the goals of maximizing the total revenue of the alliance and achieving… More >

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Guowei Feng, Cong Qi^*, Jinyang Luo, Lichen Zhu
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.11, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.079423 - 24 September 2026
Abstract The relentless increase in power density and integration of electronic devices is pushing conventional thermal dissipation technologies beyond their limits. Bionic microchannels, leveraging their unique structural advantages, have emerged as a critical research direction to overcome this bottleneck. This paper systematically reviewed the research progress of bionic microchannels in the thermal management of electronic components, elucidating the intrinsic logic and synergistic relationships among structural mechanisms, optimization methods, and engineering applications. From a mechanistic perspective, bionic structures are categorized into two types: heat transfer enhancement structures (such as variable cross-sections, turbulators, fractal networks) and flow drag… More >

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Sandra Kiessling^*
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.11, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.084429 - 24 September 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Renewable Energy Community (REC) Engineering towards Sustainable Development and Energy Poverty Reduction)
Abstract The prevailing capitalist emphasis on perpetual economic growth conflicts with the ecological reality of a planet with finite resources, calling into question the long-term sustainability of the current economic framework. Both developed and developing countries require a new economic system that recognises humanity’s stewardship role in managing the natural environment and its finite resources. Drawing on the concept of steward-ownership, previously explored in both academic and commercial contexts, this article proposes a new socio-economic paradigm: Stewardism. Stewardism represents an emerging socio-economic governance model that fundamentally departs from both traditional shareholder capitalism and state socialism by… More >

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298

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70

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Bo Cai^*, Song Jin, Jiaqi Zhang, Lei Hua
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.11, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.083149 - 24 September 2026
Abstract Aiming at the high heat flux heat dissipation requirements of high-power electronic devices, this paper adopts the topology optimization method, with the dual goals of minimizing the average temperature and flow power dissipation, including single inlet single outlet (SISO), single inlet double outlet (SIDO), double inlet single outlet (DISO) and double inlet double outlet (DIDO), four flow channel layout design domains 6 mm² × 8 mm² are used to optimize the structure and study the heat transfer characteristics. The results show that with the increase of pressure drop, the optimized flow channel presents the characteristics of… More >

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93

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Jian Wang¹, Xiaye Wang^1,*, Jieyan Wang², Gongqiang Yang¹
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.11, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.078180 - 24 September 2026
Abstract With the large-scale integration of wind turbines into power systems, the voltage at the grid connection point exhibits continuous oscillation characteristics, which significantly increases the ride-through difficulty and off-grid risk of wind turbines during faults. To address the above problems, this paper proposes a low-high voltage ride-through (L-HVRT) control strategy based on rotor energy storage. This strategy reduces the load on the unloading resistor by decreasing the active power output from the machine-side converter (MSC). To prevent overspeed disconnection during this process, an active power reference value for the MSC output is preset to proactively More >

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394

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Ali H. Numan^1,*, Ashwaq Q. Hameed²
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.11, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.086355 - 24 September 2026
Abstract Accurate and rapid speed response during different operating conditions of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives is a critical requirement in industrial automation, robotics, CNC, and electric vehicle applications. This paper proposes a new predefined-time adaptive sliding mode speed control (PTASMSC) strategy for high-performance surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SMPMSM) drives. The proposed PTASMSC controller is designed to overcome the well-known trade-off between fast convergence and chattering by combining a switchable power exponent and a dual-gain surface. This architecture will accelerate the speed error convergence during large transient deviations while effectively suppressing high-frequency chattering at… More >

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86

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Hui Cai¹, Wentao Sun¹, Xingning Han¹, Keheng Lou², Guoteng Wang², Wanchun Qi¹, Ying Huang^2,*
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.11, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.081805 - 24 September 2026
Abstract Aiming at the challenge of large-scale centralized integration of high-proportion renewable energy, and addressing current bottlenecks in ultra-high voltage (UHV) AC power grids—such as low utilization rates of transmission corridors and poor active power flow controllability—this paper proposes various upgrading and transformation schemes for UHV AC ring networks. These schemes aim to simultaneously enhance the renewable energy accommodation and operational regulation capabilities of the AC grid. First, targeting typical UHV double-circuit transmission corridors, three topological schemes are designed: direct AC integration of renewable energy, single-circuit voltage source converter-based high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) transformation, and… More >

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169

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Hu Yang^1,*, Qiao Liu¹, Jinde Li¹, Junqing Wu², Yuhe Shi¹, Qianbin Wen³
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.11, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.079024 - 24 September 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery in Unconventional Reservoirs)
Abstract To quantitatively evaluate the changes in reservoir permeability induced by variations in temperature and pore pressure during the oil and gas exploitation process, this study proposes a novel quantitative evaluation model. This model innovatively integrates thermoelastic and poroelastic effects to predict the evolution of permeability in tight reservoirs. The study assumes that rocks undergo only elastic deformation, and the stress–strain relationships governing pore volume and pore size were derived based on the theory of elasticity for porous media. A capillary flow model was employed to simulate the fluid flow process, and in combination with the… More >

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160

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Hamza Kamel¹, Fatima Id Ouissaaden¹, Yassine Essakali¹, Fahd Elmourabit¹, Oumaima Mesbahi², Said Dlimi^1,*
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.11, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.085033 - 24 September 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Clean Energy Technologies for a Sustainable Future)
Abstract The increasing deployment of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems has made solar energy one of the most promising renewable energy sources for achieving a sustainable and low-carbon energy future. However, the performance of PV systems is strongly influenced by environmental conditions, particularly partial shading caused by clouds, nearby buildings, trees, or other obstacles. Partial shading can lead to significant power losses, reduced energy yield, and potential degradation of system performance. Therefore, evaluating the behavior of PV systems under such operating conditions is essential for improving their reliability and efficiency. This paper presents an analysis of the… More >

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105

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Yihua Zhu¹, Chao Luo¹, Yuxia Tang¹, Renxin Yang^2,*
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.11, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.075636 - 24 September 2026
Abstract With the rapid development of renewable energy, the proportion of wind power generation in modern power systems has been steadily increasing. Benefiting from the high controllability of power electronic converters, wind energy can be efficiently transmitted to the grid through power conversion stages. However, the reliability of wind turbine systems is closely related to the thermal stress and degradation of power semiconductor devices. The diversity of actual operating conditions and the rapid fluctuations of grid load bring significant challenges to their safe and stable operation. To address these issues, this paper establishes an online electro-thermal… More >

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233

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Zhan Lv^*, Lan Lan, Zijian Hu, Honghua Xu, Hong Zhu, Jiehua Hou
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.11, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.075769 - 24 September 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Digital and Intelligent Planning and Operation Technologies for Flexible Distribution Network)
Abstract To fully utilize the diverse source-grid-load-storage flexible resources integrated in new distribution networks, this paper proposes an optimal load transfer strategy that coordinates distributed generator island operation with network reconfiguration. Following a fault event, the strategy prioritizes the black-start capability of distributed generators and establishes island operation model to maximize and locally restore critical loads while respecting island operational constraints. To solve this model, the actual topology of the new distribution network is abstracted as a tree structure, and an improved Kruskal algorithm is employed to derive the minimum spanning tree, achieving optimal island partition… More >

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243

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Chao Lei¹, Yiyao Zhou^2,*, Bo Chen³
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.11, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.084834 - 24 September 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Operation and Control of Grid-connected New Energy and Emerging Loads)
Abstract To address the impact of electric vehicle (EV) aggregation services on distribution network operation, this paper proposes a look-ahead vehicle-to-grid (V2G)-aware distribution optimal power flow (DOPF) approach that explicitly incorporates the time-varying V2G control errors arising from EV battery dispatch into real-time DOPF decisions. The V2G dispatch model is reformulated into a decomposable structure comprising one master problem and multiple subproblems, where the master problem updates the Lagrange multipliers and each subproblem optimizes the charging and discharging schedule of an individual EV. An enhanced consensus alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm is further developed by More >

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189

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46

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ARTICLE

Fan Shao^*, Xingqi He, Ao Li, Yalu Hu, Yufan Chen
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.11, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.072469 - 24 September 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Operation and Control of Grid-connected New Energy and Emerging Loads)
Abstract The rapid growth of distributed photovoltaic (PV) power generation has led to higher requirements for reliable and efficient photovoltaic-storage integrated converters. Traditional half bridge sub-module structures face significant challenges, including limited DC fault-blocking capability and uneven loss distribution among sub-modules due to variations in the conduction characteristics of power devices. To address these issues, this study proposes innovations in both topology and control strategy. A clamp double energy storage submodule (CDESSM) with inherent fault self-blocking capability is designed, improving system safety under fault conditions. Furthermore, a nearest level modulation (NLM) algorithm based on conduction time… More >

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43

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Sidhharth Shankar Mishra¹, Deva Brinda Deepak², S. Vidyasagar³, Jalpa Thakkar⁴, Mohan Kolhe^5,*
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.11, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.083539 - 24 September 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Grid Integration and Electrical Engineering of Wind Energy Systems: Innovations, Challenges, and Applications)
Abstract The study examines the developmental stages of autonomous cyber-physical energy systems (CPES), concentrating on intelligent autonomous grids that incorporate self-stabilizing solar-wind hybrid generation, battery storage, electric vehicles, and AI-driven control mechanisms. A systematic critical review with some features of systematic reviews was carried out at this time. This research offers a thorough examination of the current literature concerning CPES architecture, integrated hybrid renewable and storage systems with electric vehicles, artificial neural networks employed for forecasting and control, digital twin technology, cybersecurity, and procurement trading in prominent indices. This organization employs a relative analysis coding framework… More >

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45

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ARTICLE

Wenqiang Xie^*, Xiaolong Xiao, Fangfang Zhu, Ziran Guo, Xiaoxing Lu
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.11, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.075298 - 24 September 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Artificial Intelligence-Driven Collaborative Optimization of Electric Vehicle, Charging Station and Grid: Challenges and Opportunities)
Abstract In the framework of the comprehensive energy transition, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) powered by renewable energy emerges as a promising alternative, particularly with relevance to applications like electric vehicles (EVs), where clean and efficient power sources are crucial. However, the accurate prediction of PEMFC performance degradation poses significant challenges due to the combined effects of complex and variable aging mechanisms and operational conditions, which are especially critical in the context of EV applications where reliability and durability directly impact vehicle performance and user safety. These challenges pose notable constraints on the feasibility… More >

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1351

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369

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ARTICLE

Saud Aljubairi¹, Mahbub Hassan², Hridoy Deb Mahin³, Md Ashequl Islam^4,*, Md Ehtesamul Haque¹, M M Hafizur Rahman⁵
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.11, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.085666 - 24 September 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Sustainable Transport Technologies and Strategies: Impacts on Energy and Environment)
Abstract Urban transport in rapidly growing Asian cities represents a growing share of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, yet energy efficiency determinants of coexisting shared mobility modes remain poorly quantified in tropical developing-country contexts. This study develops an integrated Explainable AI and Large Language Model framework for energy efficiency prediction and evidence-based policy synthesis across four urban mobility modes (Solo Car, Shared Ride-Hailing, Motorcycle Taxi, Electric Minibus), using a 6000-record physics-grounded synthetic dataset calibrated to Bangkok and Dhaka. A key methodological contribution, a route-group holdout protocol eliminating intra-route leakage largely unaddressed in prior trip-level transport… More >

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379

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78

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Shijie Ji¹, Shuya Lei^2,*, Lan Ren², Renjie Wei², Ning Yang³, Yishen Wang²
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.11, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.075094 - 24 September 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Grid Integration of Intermittent Renewable Energy Resources: Technologies, Policies, and Operational Strategies)
Abstract With the continuous growth of the scale of inter-provincial electricity transactions, the intra-provincial independent clearing model has gradually revealed limitations in terms of resource collaborative optimization and regional supply-demand balance, and the coordination mechanism between the two-tier markets of inter-provincial and intra-provincial levels urgently needs to be improved. To address this problem, this paper constructs a bi-level joint clearing model for the intra-provincial and inter-provincial electricity spot markets, which includes three stages: intra-provincial clearing, inter-provincial entity screening and inter-provincial joint clearing. The model aims to effectively connect the results of intra-provincial transactions with inter-provincial resource… More >

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295

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77

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ARTICLE

Pol Torres^1,*, Alejandro Clavera¹, Carlos Molina¹, Giulia Zarpellon¹, Marcelus Fabri¹, Diego Gallego², Pau Plana², Lluís Millet²
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.11, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.084810 - 24 September 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Science, Engineering, and Policy Innovations Driving the Global Energy Transition)
Abstract Battery energy storage systems can capture stacked revenue by placing bids in the energy markets, arbitraging day-ahead prices, correcting positions in intraday auctions, and providing ancillary services such as secondary regulation, either as a standalone power plant or collocated with photovoltaic or wind generation. However, profitable participation requires (i) accurate short-term price forecasting across coupled market products and (ii) an optimization model that enforces market rules, grid connection limits and state-of-charge feasibility under uncertainty. This paper presents an end-to-end decision-support framework for the Spanish electricity market that combines machine-learning forecasting with a mixed-integer linear programming… More >

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704

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223

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Nan Li^1,2,*, Yinan Wang², Liang Huang³, Yabin Zhu⁴, Guangyao Zhang⁵
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.11, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.073712 - 24 September 2026
Abstract The large-scale integration of new energy into power systems significantly elevates the risk of instability. To achieve an accurate assessment of power system transient stability, a multi-classification assessment model based on an improved TCN-ResNeXt is proposed. The core of this model lies in a dual-branch structure, which enables the extraction and interactive fusion of dynamic temporal features and spatial features at multiple scales. By integrating the Triplet Attention mechanism, the model enhances focus on key features across the three dimensions of channel, space, and time—effectively boosting the assessment performance of the transient stability multi-classification model.… More >

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691

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Indra Permana^1,*, Zulvi Alfiqri Hidayatulloh¹, Alya Penta Agharid², Pramod Vishwakarma³
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.11, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.085663 - 24 September 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Innovative Strategies for Energy-Efficient Buildings in a Sustainable Future)
Abstract Semiconductor cleanrooms require stable airflow distribution to control airborne contamination, maintain pressure balance, and protect process-critical zones. However, cleanroom performance is not determined only by cleanliness classification or supply airflow rate; the interaction between raised floor design, FFU velocity, and return airflow distribution can strongly influence recirculation and airflow uniformity. This study evaluates the airflow performance of a semiconductor cleanroom consisting of Class 100 and Class 1000 zones using field measurements and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Field measurements of particle concentration, airflow velocity, temperature, and relative humidity were conducted under as-built conditions. The measured… More >

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536

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106

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Longwei Ma, Yue Meng^*, Xinkai Li, Cong Wang, Ping Ma
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.11, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.083169 - 24 September 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Integration of Renewable Energies with the Grid: An Integrated Study of Solar, Wind, Storage, Electric Vehicles, PV and Wind Materials and AI-Driven Technologies)
Abstract To address the difficulty of balancing economy, low-carbon performance, and user-side acceptability in virtual power plant operation under high penetration of renewable energy, this paper proposes a low-carbon optimal dispatch model for a virtual power plant considering concentrated solar power (CSP)-hydrogen synergy and asymmetric user satisfaction. First, a coordinated operation model of CSP and hydrogen energy is established by incorporating a CSP plant, hydrogen conversion devices, hydrogen-blended gas equipment, and multiple types of energy storage systems into a unified dispatch framework. Second, to overcome the limitation of conventional user satisfaction models in reflecting users’ differentiated… More >

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176

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Yan Lu^1,*, Jian Zhang², Bo Lu³, Zhongfu Tan⁴
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.11, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.067612 - 24 September 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advanced Analytics on Energy Systems)
Abstract To promote the consumption of new energy sources such as wind and solar power and to achieve multi-energy and multi-system coupling, this paper proposes a low-carbon operation optimization strategy for the Electric-Heat-Gas Coupling System (EHGCS) that incorporates regulation capabilities. First, the operational framework of the EHGCS was designed, and an equipment output model was developed, taking into account the dynamic efficiency of electrolytic cells and the delayed response characteristics of hydrogen fuel cells. Next, a regulation capability model and a dynamic regulation price model were proposed for the coupling of subsystems involving electrical, thermal, and… More >

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229

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65

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Xieli Fu, Guoxing Wu^*, Yujie Shi, Xinming Jiang, Wenfeng Yang
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.11, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.074212 - 24 September 2026
Abstract Low-voltage distribution networks face critical challenges from large-scale distributed renewable energy integration, including bidirectional power flow control, voltage stability, and multi-microgrid coordination. Existing approaches are limited by single-scenario optimization without cyber-physical coupling considerations, device-level control lacking system-level coordination, and absence of unified frameworks bridging topology reconfiguration with power exchange. This study proposes a collaborative framework integrating intelligent network formation and flexible interconnection within a cyber-physical system environment. A four-layer architecture featuring edge-cloud collaborative computing and fault-tolerant hybrid communication was constructed. A multi-agent coordination algorithm based on TD3 deep reinforcement learning was developed for distributed decision-making… More >

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211

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76

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Bowen Yuan¹, Huwei Liu², Jingyun Liu^1,*, Yuchen Lin¹
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.11, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.088401 - 24 September 2026
Abstract Controlled environmental chambers require continuous cooling, heating, humidification, ventilation and lighting to maintain stable indoor conditions, resulting in intensive and fluctuating energy demand. This study proposes a data-driven workflow for short-term differential energy consumption prediction in a BAE20-series controlled environmental chamber manufactured by Beijing Chuangyi Xintong Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China) to support low-carbon operation and operational diagnostics. Chamber monitoring data were preprocessed to construct differential energy consumption, with negative differences set to zero and 99.5th-percentile (P99.5) truncation applied to reduce extreme spike effects. The resulting target series showed high sparsity, local spikes, short-term inertia… More >

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196

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44

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ARTICLE

Menghao Zhou¹, Jie Chen^2,*, Zhuang Zhao³, Liming Huang³
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.11, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.087256 - 24 September 2026
Abstract High photovoltaic (PV) penetration increases net-load fluctuations and weakens the incentive adequacy of conventional deep peak regulation compensation for concentrated solar power (CSP) plants. This paper proposes a fuzzy chance-constrained bi-level dispatch framework for a CSP–PV system that coordinates source–load interaction, CSP deep peak regulation compensation, and PV-side Chinese Certified Emission Reduction (CCER) revenue sharing. The upper level reshapes the load profile through price-based demand response (PBDR), while the lower level coordinates thermal units, CSP with thermal energy storage (TES), and PV generation under network, reserve, carbon, and settlement constraints. Simulations on a modified IEEE… More >

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