Open Access
ARTICLE
IPN-RRT*: Neural-Guided RRT* for Optimal Path Planning Using an Improved Point-Cloud Network
Zhengshun Fei1,*, Qiao Sun1, Chuang Yang2, Siranee Nuchitprasitchai3, Yongping Zheng1, Xinjian Xiang1,*
1 School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
2 Zhejiang Hanchine AI Tech. Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
3 Faculty of Information Technology and Digital Innovation, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
* Corresponding Author: Zhengshun Fei. Email: 
; Xinjian Xiang. Email: 
Computers, Materials & Continua https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2026.078696
Received 06 January 2026; Accepted 25 May 2026; Published online 10 July 2026
Abstract
Path planning is a critical component for enabling autonomous navigation in mobile robots. Sampling-based planners are widely adopted due to their strong generality, yet they rely heavily on uniform sampling, which often leads to unstable performance and high computational cost in complex environments. To address this issue, recent studies feed free-space point clouds into neural networks to infer a set of guidance states near the optimal path, thereby enabling non-uniform sampling; however, the accuracy of the guidance set becomes a key bottleneck for further improvement. In this paper, we propose an improved point-cloud neural RRT* framework, termed IPN-RRT*, which achieves fast near-optimal planning via a high-precision guidance state set. Specifically, we develop an Improved PointNeXt-based neural sampling network (IPN) that enhances the geometric representation of free-space point clouds using high-dimensional sinusoidal positional encoding (
HPESIN), and further improves cross-scene feature discriminability and robustness through a gated covariance-enhanced channel attention module (GCECA). These designs substantially improve the quality of the guidance state set and accelerate convergence toward better solutions during planning. Extensive experiments on large-scale datasets built from complex random maps demonstrate that IPN significantly outperforms existing point-cloud prediction models in region prediction accuracy. Moreover, across diverse challenging environments, IPN-RRT* finds near-optimal paths with fewer nodes and shorter runtime, while preserving probabilistic completeness and asymptotic optimality.
Keywords
Optimal path planning; sampling-based algorithm; point-cloud neural networks; guidance state set
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