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Sang-Joon Kim¹, Nammee Moon², Min Hong³, Gooman Park¹, Yoo-Joo Choi^4,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 1-16, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012437
Abstract This study introduces the design details of a tool to create interactive projection-mapping content in a convenient manner. For the proposed tool design, a homography-based camera–projector calibration method was applied with the use of red–green–blue-depth images from a Kinect V2 sensor that did not require accurate camera calibration prerequisites. In addition, the proposed tool simultaneously achieved static projection mapping that projected the image content onto a fixed object, and dynamic projection mapping that projected the image content onto a user’s body, by tracing the moving user. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed content-creation tool, users with no programming capabilities… More >

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Chung Le Van¹, Vikram Puri¹, Nguyen Thanh Thao², Dac-Nhuong Le^3,4,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 17-33, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.013125
Abstract With the rapid growth of the autonomous system, deep learning has become integral parts to enumerate applications especially in the case of healthcare systems. Human body vertebrae are the longest and complex parts of the human body. There are numerous kinds of conditions such as scoliosis, vertebra degeneration, and vertebrate disc spacing that are related to the human body vertebrae or spine or backbone. Early detection of these problems is very important otherwise patients will suffer from a disease for a lifetime. In this proposed system, we developed an autonomous system that detects lumbar implants and diagnoses scoliosis from the… More >

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2156

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Naeem Ahmad Jan¹, Saad Hassan Kiani², Daniyal Ali Sehrai², Muhammad Rizwan Anjum³, Amjad Iqbal⁴, Mujeeb Abdullah⁵, Sunghwan Kim^6,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 35-44, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012800
Abstract In this paper, a low cost, highly efficient and low profile monopole antenna for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications is presented. A new inverted triangular-shape structure possessing meander lines is designed to achieve a wideband response and high efficiency. To design the proposed structure, three steps are utilized to achieve an UWB response. The bandwidth of the proposed antenna is improved with changing meander lines parameters, miniaturization of the ground width and optimization of the feeding line. The measured and simulated frequency band ranges from 3.2 to 12 GHz, while the radiation patterns are measured at 4, 5.3, 6 and 8 GHz… More >

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2253

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Umar Farooq¹, Intae Ryoo², Gon Khang^1,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 45-57, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.013035
Abstract Advances in the field of medical sciences and medical technology, and present-day challenges, such as an aging population, rising medical expenses, and lifestyle-related diseases, have collectively catalyzed a research ecosystem termed “smart wellness.” This article describes the establishment of a smart wellness service platform designed to empower individuals to create a sense of balance in their lives. Step-by-step details include service model, design, and architectural considerations. As a proof of concept, implementation details of a Health Improvement and Management Systems (HIMS) Hub, a Smart Wellness Service Platform deployed in six cities in South Korea, are presented. An on-site survey conducted… More >

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2368

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Sangmi Moon¹, Hyeonsung Kim¹, Seng-Phil Hong², Mingoo Kang³, Intae Hwang^1,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 59-70, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.013132
Abstract Millimeter-wave communications are suitable for application to massive multiple-input multiple-output systems in order to satisfy the ever-growing data traffic demands of the next-generation wireless communication. However, their practical deployment is hindered by the high cost of complex hardware, such as radio frequency (RF) chains. To this end, operation in the beamspace domain, through beam selection, is a viable solution. Generally, the conventional beam selection schemes focus on the feedback and exhaustive search techniques. In addition, since the same beam in the beamspace may be assigned to a different user, conventional beam selection schemes suffer serious multi-user interference. In addition, some… More >

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1580

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Shailendra Mishra, Sunil Kumar Sharma^*, Majed A. Alowaidi
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 71-85, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012475
Abstract A data breach can seriously impact organizational intellectual property, resources, time, and product value. The risk of system intrusion is augmented by the intrinsic openness of commonly utilized technologies like TCP/IP protocols. As TCP relies on IP addresses, an attacker may easily trace the IP address of the organization. Given that many organizations run the risk of data breach and cyber-attacks at a certain point, a repeatable and well-developed incident response framework is critical to shield them. Enterprise cloud possesses the challenges of security, lack of transparency, trust and loss of controls. Technology eases quickens the processing of information but… More >

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Kang-Hyun Lee¹, Gun Jin Yun^1,2,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 87-112, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012688
Abstract Re-melting process has been utilized to mitigate the residual stress level in the selective laser melting (SLM) process in recent years. However, the complex consolidation mechanism of powder and the different material behavior after the first laser melting hinder the direct implementation of the re-melting process. In this work, the effects of re-melting on the temperature and residual stress evolution in the SLM process are investigated using a thermo-mechanically coupled finite element model. The degree of consolidation is incorporated in the energy balance equation based on the thermodynamically-consistent phase-field approach. The drastic change of material properties due to the variation… More >

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2401

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Yen Liang Tung¹, Zubair Ahmad^2,*, G. G. Hamedani³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 113-126, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012780
Abstract Proposing new statistical distributions which are more flexible than the existing distributions have become a recent trend in the practice of distribution theory. Actuaries often search for new and appropriate statistical models to address data related to financial and risk management problems. In the present study, an extension of the Lomax distribution is proposed via using the approach of the weighted T-X family of distributions. The mathematical properties along with the characterization of the new model via truncated moments are derived. The model parameters are estimated via a prominent approach called the maximum likelihood estimation method. A brief Monte Carlo… More >

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ARTICLE

Liaquat Ali Lund^1,2,*, Zurni Omar¹, Ilyas Khan³, El-Sayed M. Sherif^4,5
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 127-139, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.013120
Abstract In this study, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) three-dimensional (3D) flow of alumina (Al₂O₃) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles of an electrically conducting incompressible fluid in a rotating frame has been investigated. The shrinking surface generates the flow that also has been examined. The single-phase (i.e., Tiwari and Das) model is implemented for the hybrid nanofluid transport phenomena. Results for alumina and copper nanomaterials in the water base fluid are achieved. Boundary layer approximations are used to reduce governing partial differential (PDEs) system into the system of the ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The three-stage Lobatto IIIa method in bvp4c solver is applied for solutions… More >

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1309

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5

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Dildar Hussain¹, Muhammad Adnan Khan^2,*, Sagheer Abbas³, Rizwan Ali Naqvi⁴, Muhammad Faheem Mushtaq⁵, Abdur Rehman³, Afrozah Nadeem²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 141-156, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.013458
Abstract The fast-paced growth of artificial intelligence provides unparalleled opportunities to improve the efficiency of various industries, including the transportation sector. The worldwide transport departments face many obstacles following the implementation and integration of different vehicle features. One of these tasks is to ensure that vehicles are autonomous, intelligent and able to grow their repository of information. Machine learning has recently been implemented in wireless networks, as a major artificial intelligence branch, to solve historically challenging problems through a data-driven approach. In this article, we discuss recent progress of applying machine learning into vehicle networks for intelligent route decision and try… More >

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ARTICLE

Iftikhar Ahmad^1,*, Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah¹, Ambreen Shahnaz², Sadeeq Jan¹, Salma Noor², Wajeeha Khalil¹, Fazal Qudus Khan³, Muhammad Iftikhar Khan⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 157-164, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012946
Abstract Classical algorithms and data structures assume that the underlying memory is reliable, and the data remain safe during or after processing. However, the assumption is perilous as several studies have shown that large and inexpensive memories are vulnerable to bit flips. Thus, the correctness of output of a classical algorithm can be threatened by a few memory faults. Fault tolerant data structures and resilient algorithms are developed to tolerate a limited number of faults and provide a correct output based on the uncorrupted part of the data. Suf- fix tree is one of the important data structures that has widespread… More >

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1409

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Hau Nguyen-Ngoc^1,2, H. Nguyen-Xuan³, Magd Abdel-Wahab^4,5,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 165-178, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012948
Abstract This study adapts the flexible characteristic of meshfree method in analyzing three-dimensional (3D) complex geometry structures, which are the interlocking concrete blocks of step seawall. The elastostatic behavior of the block is analysed by solving the Galerkin weak form formulation over local support domain. The 3D moving least square (MLS) approximation is applied to build the interpolation functions of unknowns. The pre-defined number of nodes in an integration domain ranging from 10 to 60 nodes is also investigated for their effect on the studied results. The accuracy and efficiency of the studied method on 3D elastostatic responses are validated through… More >

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Weifeng Ma^*, Jiao Lou, Caoting Ji, Laibin Ma
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 179-193, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.011969
Abstract Given the limitations of the community question answering (CQA) answer quality prediction method in measuring the semantic information of the answer text, this paper proposes an answer quality prediction model based on the question-answer joint learning (ACLSTM). The attention mechanism is used to obtain the dependency relationship between the Question-and-Answer (Q&A) pairs. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short-term Memory Network (LSTM) are used to extract semantic features of Q&A pairs and calculate their matching degree. Besides, answer semantic representation is combined with other effective extended features as the input representation of the fully connected layer. Compared with other quality… More >

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1361

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Fahd N. Al-Wesabi^1,2,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 195-211, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012088
Abstract In this paper, a hybrid intelligent text zero-watermarking approach has been proposed by integrating text zero-watermarking and hidden Markov model as natural language processing techniques for the content authentication and tampering detection of Arabic text contents. The proposed approach known as Second order of Alphanumeric Mechanism of Markov model and Zero-Watermarking Approach (SAMMZWA). Second level order of alphanumeric mechanism based on hidden Markov model is integrated with text zero-watermarking techniques to improve the overall performance and tampering detection accuracy of the proposed approach. The SAMMZWA approach embeds and detects the watermark logically without altering the original text document. The extracted… More >

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1356

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Seo Woo Han, Doug Young Suh^*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 213-228, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012223
Abstract Inpainting has been continuously studied in the field of computer vision. As artificial intelligence technology developed, deep learning technology was introduced in inpainting research, helping to improve performance. Currently, the input target of an inpainting algorithm using deep learning has been studied from a single image to a video. However, deep learning-based inpainting technology for panoramic images has not been actively studied. We propose a 360-degree panoramic image inpainting method using generative adversarial networks (GANs). The proposed network inputs a 360-degree equirectangular format panoramic image converts it into a cube map format, which has relatively little distortion and uses it… More >

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1

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ARTICLE

Hammad Alotaibi^1,*, Saeed Althubiti¹, Mohamed R. Eid^2,3, K. L. Mahny⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 229-245, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012234
Abstract This paper introduces the effect of heat absorption (generation) and suction (injection) on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary-layer flow of Casson nanofluid (CNF) via a non-linear stretching surface with the viscous dissipation in two dimensions. By utilizing the similarity transformations, the leading PDEs are transformed into a set of ODEs with adequate boundary conditions and then resolved numerically by (4–5)^th-order Runge-Kutta Fehlberg procedure based on the shooting technique. Numerical computations are carried out by Maple 15 software. With the support of graphs, the impact of dimensionless control parameters on the nanoparticle concentration profiles, the temperature, and the flow velocity are studied. Other… More >

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32

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ARTICLE

Yuanyuan Liu^1,2, Shuo Zhang¹, Haiye Yu³, Yueyong Wang^4,*, Yuehan Feng¹, Jiahui Sun¹, Xiaokang Zhou¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 247-262, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012328
Abstract Intelligent straw coverage detection plays an important role in agricultural production and the ecological environment. Traditional pattern recognition has some problems, such as low precision and a long processing time, when segmenting complex farmland, which cannot meet the conditions of embedded equipment deployment. Based on these problems, we proposed a novel deep learning model with high accuracy, small model size and fast running speed named Residual Unet with Attention mechanism using depthwise convolution (RADw–UNet). This algorithm is based on the UNet symmetric codec model. All the feature extraction modules of the network adopt the residual structure, and the whole network… More >

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2517

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Shahid Bashir¹, Mohammed H. Alsharif², Imran Khan³, Mahmoud A. Albreem⁴, Aduwati Sali⁵, Borhanuddin Mohd Ali⁵, Wonjong Noh^6,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 263-274, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012404
Abstract With the development of wireless mobile communication technology, the demand for wireless communication rate and frequency increases year by year. Existing wireless mobile communication frequency tends to be saturated, which demands for new solutions. Terahertz (THz) communication has great potential for the future mobile communications (Beyond 5G), and is also an important technique for the high data rate transmission in spatial information network. THz communication has great application prospects in military-civilian integration and coordinated development. In China, important breakthroughs have been achieved for the key techniques of THz high data rate communications, which is practically keeping up with the most… More >

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2242

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5

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ARTICLE

Yuming Chu¹, Naila Rafiq², Mudassir Shams^3,*, Saima Akram⁴, Nazir Ahmad Mir³, Humaira Kalsoom⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 275-290, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.011907
Abstract In this article, we construct the most powerful family of simultaneous iterative method with global convergence behavior among all the existing methods in literature for finding all roots of non-linear equations. Convergence analysis proved that the order of convergence of the family of derivative free simultaneous iterative method is nine. Our main aim is to check out the most regularly used simultaneous iterative methods for finding all roots of non-linear equations by studying their dynamical planes, numerical experiments and CPU time-methodology. Dynamical planes of iterative methods are drawn by using MATLAB for the comparison of global convergence properties of simultaneous… More >

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1279

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Salman Ahmed^*, Muhammad Ali Khan
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 291-301, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012066
Abstract One of the greatest factors that affects the economic condition of a country is its institutions. In the model of good governance, the primary elements for stronger institution include efficiency, transparency, and accountability; and technology plays a major role in improving these elements. However, there are myriad of challenges when it comes to practical integration of technology in these institutions for efficiency. It is more challenging when a country is developing and one that is already weak economically. It is also important to mention that the challenges of digitization in public sector is not limited to developing countries only. It… More >

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1244

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Pokpong Amornvit, Dinesh Rokaya, Chaimongkon Peampring, Sasiwimol Sanohkan^*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 303-314, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.011943
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Digital Technology and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Dentistry)
Abstract Several capture techniques are used in intraoral optical scanners in the dental market, such as Triangulation (Cerec Omnicam, Dentsply Sirona), Activewave front sampling (3M ESPE) and confocal technology (iTero, Align). The accuracy of intraoral scanners is the most significant focal point for developers to research. This in-vitro study studied the accuracy of confocal scanners launched from 2015-2020 (Trios 3, Trios 4, iTero Element; 3Shape Trios A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark, and iTero Element2, and iTero Element5D; Align Technologies, San Jose, CA, USA). A 3D printing model modified from the American National Standard No. 132 was scanned five times each scanner. Both Trios3… More >

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9

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ARTICLE

Abdu Gumaei^1,2,*, Mabrook Al-Rakhami¹, Mohamad Mahmoud Al Rahhal³, Fahad Raddah H. Albogamy³, Eslam Al Maghayreh³, Hussain AlSalman¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 315-329, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012045
Abstract The fast spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARSCoV-2 has become a pandemic and a serious threat to the world. As of May 30, 2020, this disease had infected more than 6 million people globally, with hundreds of thousands of deaths. Therefore, there is an urgent need to predict confirmed cases so as to analyze the impact of COVID-19 and practice readiness in healthcare systems. This study uses gradient boosting regression (GBR) to build a trained model to predict the daily total confirmed cases of COVID-19. The GBR method can minimize the loss function of the training process and… More >

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1494

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3

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Muhammad Adnan Khan^1,*, Wajhe Ul Husnain Abidi^1,2, Mohammed A. Al Ghamdi³, Sultan H. Almotiri³, Shazia Saqib¹, Tahir Alyas¹, Khalid Masood Khan¹, Nasir Mahmood⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 331-340, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012148
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Artificial Intelligence and IoT based intelligent systems using high performance computing for Medical applications.)
Abstract Forecasting future outbreaks can help in minimizing their spread. Influenza is a disease primarily found in animals but transferred to humans through pigs. In 1918, influenza became a pandemic and spread rapidly all over the world becoming the cause behind killing one-third of the human population and killing one-fourth of the pig population. Afterwards, that influenza became a pandemic several times on a local and global levels. In 2009, influenza ‘A’ subtype H1N1 again took many human lives. The disease spread like in a pandemic quickly. This paper proposes a forecasting modeling system for the influenza pandemic using a feed-forward… More >

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ARTICLE

Zhimin Zhang, Tianhe Kang^*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 341-357, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012104
Abstract In view of the three-dimensional dynamic abutment pressure, the influence of the far-field hard stratum (FHS) in deep, thick coal seams is indeterminant. Based on elastic foundation theory, a three-dimensional dynamic prediction model of the abutment pressure was established. Using this model, the dynamic change in the coal seam abutment pressure caused by the movement of the FHS was studied, and a method for determining the dynamic change range of the abutment pressure was developed. The results of the new prediction model of the abutment pressure are slightly higher than the measured values, with an error of 0.51%, which avoids… More >

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Abdul Waheed^1,2,*, Naila Habib Khan³, Mahdi Zareei⁴, Shahab Ul Islam⁵, Latif Jan^5,6, Arif Iqbal Umar¹, Ehab Mahmoud Mohamed^7,8
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 359-372, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012196
Abstract Congestion control is one of the main obstacles in cyberspace traffic. Overcrowding in internet traffic may cause several problems; such as high packet hold-up, high packet dropping, and low packet output. In the course of data transmission for various applications in the Internet of things, such problems are usually generated relative to the input. To tackle such problems, this paper presents an analytical model using an optimized Random Early Detection (RED) algorithm-based approach for internet traffic management. The validity of the proposed model is checked through extensive simulation-based experiments. An analysis is observed for different functions on internet traffic. Four… More >

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Anju Asokan¹, J. Anitha¹, Bogdan Patrut², Dana Danciulescu³, D. Jude Hemanth^1,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 373-388, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012364
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Deep Learning Trends in Intelligent Systems)
Abstract Multispectral images contain a large amount of spatial and spectral data which are effective in identifying change areas. Deep feature extraction is important for multispectral image classification and is evolving as an interesting research area in change detection. However, many deep learning framework based approaches do not consider both spatial and textural details into account. In order to handle this issue, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based multi-feature extraction and fusion is introduced which considers both spatial and textural features. This method uses CNN to extract the spatio-spectral features from individual channels and fuse them with the textural features. Then… More >

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Jianjun Zhang^1,*, Yifu Sheng¹, Weida Chen², Haijun Lin¹, Guang Sun³, Peng Guo⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 389-405, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012384
Abstract Water is one of the basic resources for human survival. Water pollution monitoring and protection have been becoming a major problem for many countries all over the world. Most traditional water quality monitoring systems, however, generally focus only on water quality data collection, ignoring data analysis and data mining. In addition, some dirty data and data loss may occur due to power failures or transmission failures, further affecting data analysis and its application. In order to meet these needs, by using Internet of things, cloud computing, and big data technologies, we designed and implemented a water quality monitoring data intelligent… More >

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Tao Li¹, Yongjin Hu^1,*, Ankang Ju¹, Zhuoran Hu²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 407-420, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012023
Abstract Owing to the continuous barrage of cyber threats, there is a massive amount of cyber threat intelligence. However, a great deal of cyber threat intelligence come from textual sources. For analysis of cyber threat intelligence, many security analysts rely on cumbersome and time-consuming manual efforts. Cybersecurity knowledge graph plays a significant role in automatics analysis of cyber threat intelligence. As the foundation for constructing cybersecurity knowledge graph, named entity recognition (NER) is required for identifying critical threat-related elements from textual cyber threat intelligence. Recently, deep neural network-based models have attained very good results in NER. However, the performance of these… More >

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Ahlam Aljabali¹, Abdul Rahman Mohd Kasim^1,*, Nur Syamilah Arifin², Sharena Mohamad Isa³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 421-435, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012322
Abstract The viscosity of a substance or material is intensely influenced by the temperature, especially in the field of lubricant engineering where the changeable temperature is well executed. In this paper, the problem of temperature-dependent viscosity on mixed convection flow of Eyring Powell fluid was studied together with Newtonian heating thermal boundary condition. The flow was assumed to move over a vertical stretching sheet. The model of the problem, which is in partial differential equations, was first transformed to ordinary differential equations using appropriate transformations. This approach was considered to reduce the complexity of the equations. Then, the transformed equations were… More >

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Changli Lu¹, Ming Zhao^1,2, Imran Khan³, Peerapong Uthansakul^4,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 437-455, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012557
Abstract Cap-and-trade regulation provides incentives for manufacturers to reduce carbon emissions, but manufacturers’ insufficient capital can disrupt the implementation of low-carbon emission reduction technologies. To alleviate capital constraints, manufacturers can adopt external financing for low-carbon emission reduction investments. This paper studies the independent financing and financing cooperation behavior in a supply chain in which the manufacturer and retailer first implement low-carbon emission reduction technologies and then organize production and sales in accordance with wholesale price contracts. Through comparing the optimal profits and low-carbon emission reduction levels under the independent financing and financing cooperation mode, we come to the following conclusions: (1)… More >

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Zongshuai Liu¹, Xuyu Xiang^1,2,*, Jiaohua Qin¹, Yun Tan¹, Qin Zhang¹, Neal N. Xiong³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 457-466, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012165
Abstract In recent years, with the development of machine learning and deep learning, it is possible to identify and even control crop diseases by using electronic devices instead of manual observation. In this paper, an image recognition method of citrus diseases based on deep learning is proposed. We built a citrus image dataset including six common citrus diseases. The deep learning network is used to train and learn these images, which can effectively identify and classify crop diseases. In the experiment, we use MobileNetV2 model as the primary network and compare it with other network models in the aspect of speed,… More >

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Muhammad Adnan Khan^1,*, Abdur Rehman², Khalid Masood Khan¹, Mohammed A. Al Ghamdi³, Sultan H. Almotiri³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 467-480, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.013121
Abstract Networks provide a significant function in everyday life, and cybersecurity therefore developed a critical field of study. The Intrusion detection system (IDS) becoming an essential information protection strategy that tracks the situation of the software and hardware operating on the network. Notwithstanding advancements of growth, current intrusion detection systems also experience dif- ficulties in enhancing detection precision, growing false alarm levels and identifying suspicious activities. In order to address above mentioned issues, several researchers concentrated on designing intrusion detection systems that rely on machine learning approaches. Machine learning models will accurately identify the underlying variations among regular information and irregular… More >

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Sajjad Haider^*, Muhammad Tanvir Afzal
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 481-498, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012057
Abstract Social networking platforms provide a vital source for disseminating information across the globe, particularly in case of disaster. These platforms are great mean to find out the real account of the disaster. Twitter is an example of such platform, which has been extensively utilized by scientific community due to its unidirectional model. It is considered a challenging task to identify eyewitness tweets about the incident from the millions of tweets shared by twitter users. Research community has proposed diverse sets of techniques to identify eyewitness account. A recent state-of-the-art approach has proposed a comprehensive set of features to identify eyewitness… More >

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Lejun Zhang^1,2,*, Minghui Peng¹, Weizheng Wang³ , Yansen Su⁴, Shuna Cui^5,6, Seokhoon Kim⁷
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 499-515, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012205
Abstract In the digital era, electronic medical record (EMR) has been a major way for hospitals to store patients’ medical data. The traditional centralized medical system and semi-trusted cloud storage are difficult to achieve dynamic balance between privacy protection and data sharing. The storage capacity of blockchain is limited and single blockchain schemes have poor scalability and low throughput. To address these issues, we propose a secure and efficient medical data storage and sharing scheme based on double blockchain. In our scheme, we encrypt the original EMR and store it in the cloud. The storage blockchain stores the index of the… More >

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Yunping Zhao, Jianzhuang Lu^*, Xiaowen Chen
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 517-535, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012380
Abstract Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are widely used in many fields. Due to their high throughput and high level of computing characteristics, however, an increasing number of researchers are focusing on how to improve the computational efficiency, hardware utilization, or flexibility of CNN hardware accelerators. Accordingly, this paper proposes a dynamically reconfigurable accelerator architecture that implements a Sparse-Winograd F(2 2.3 3)-based high-parallelism hardware architecture. This approach not only eliminates the pre-calculation complexity associated with the Winograd algorithm, thereby reducing the difficulty of hardware implementation, but also greatly improves the flexibility of the hardware; as a result, the accelerator can realize the… More >

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Muhammad Arif¹, Dost Muhammad Khan¹, Saima Khan Khosa², Muhammad Aamir¹, Adnan Aslam³, Zubair Ahmad⁴, Wei Gao^5,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 537-550, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012420
Abstract The actuaries always look for heavy-tailed distributions to model data relevant to business and actuarial risk issues. In this article, we introduce a new class of heavy-tailed distributions useful for modeling data in financial sciences. A specific sub-model form of our suggested family, named as a new extended heavy-tailed Weibull distribution is examined in detail. Some basic characterizations, including quantile function and raw moments have been derived. The estimates of the unknown parameters of the new model are obtained via the maximum likelihood estimation method. To judge the performance of the maximum likelihood estimators, a simulation analysis is performed in… More >

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Gia Nhu Nguyen^1,2, Nin Ho Le Viet^1,2, Gyanendra Prasad Joshi³, Bhanu Shrestha^4,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 551-562, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012441
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Intelligent Decision Support Systems for Complex Healthcare Applications)
Abstract Fog computing in the Internet of Health Things (IoHT) is promising owing to the increasing need for energy- and latency-optimized health sector provisioning. Additionally, clinical data (particularly, medical image data) are a delicate, highly protected resource that should be utilized in an effective and responsible manner to fulfil consumer needs. Herein, we propose an energy-effi- cient fog-based IoHT with a tunicate swarm-optimization-(TSO)-based lightweight Simon cipher to enhance the energy efficiency at the fog layer and the security of data stored at the cloud server. The proposed Simon cipher uses the TSO algorithm to select the optimal keys that will minimize… More >

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Yan Zhang^1,2, Jin Han^1,2,*, Chengsheng Yuan^1,2, Shuo Yang³, Chuanlong Li^1,2, Xingming Sun^1,2
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 563-574, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012502
Abstract Over the past 10 years, lightning disaster has caused a large number of casualties and considerable economic loss worldwide. Lightning poses a huge threat to various industries. In an attempt to reduce the risk of lightning-caused disaster, many scholars have carried out in-depth research on lightning. However, these studies focus primarily on the lightning itself and other meteorological elements are ignored. In addition, the methods for assessing the risk of lightning disaster fail to give detailed attention to regional features (lightning disaster risk). This paper proposes a grid-based risk assessment method based on data from multiple sources. First, this paper… More >

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F. Mabood¹, T. A. Yusuf², A. M. Rashad³, W. A. Khan^4,*, Hossam A. Nabwey^5,6
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 575-587, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012505
Abstract The current investigation aims to explore the combined effects of heat and mass transfer on free convection of Sodium alginate-Fe3O4 based Brinkmann type nanofluid flow over a vertical rotating frame. The Tiwari and Das nanofluid model is employed to examine the effects of dimensionless numbers, including Grashof, Eckert, and Schmidt numbers and governing parameters like solid volume fraction of nanoparticles, Hall current, magnetic field, viscous dissipation, and the chemical reaction on the physical quantities. The dimensionless nonlinear partial differential equations are solved using a finite difference method known as Runge-Kutta Fehlberg (RKF-45) method. The variation of dimensionless velocity, temperature, concentration,… More >

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Sadaf Qazi¹, Muhammad Usman¹, Azhar Mahmood¹, Aaqif Afzaal Abbasi², Muhammad Attique³, Yunyoung Nam^4,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 589-602, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012507
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Artificial Intelligence and IoT based intelligent systems using high performance computing for Medical applications.)
Abstract Immunization is a noteworthy and proven tool for eliminating lifethreating infectious diseases, child mortality and morbidity. Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is a nation-wide program in Pakistan to implement immunization activities, however the coverage is quite low despite the accessibility of free vaccination. This study proposes a defaulter prediction model for accurate identification of defaulters. Our proposed framework classifies defaulters at five different stages: defaulter, partially high, partially medium, partially low, and unvaccinated to reinforce targeted interventions by accurately predicting children at high risk of defaulting from the immunization schedule. Different machine learning algorithms are applied on Pakistan Demographic and… More >

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Le Sun^1,*, Qiandi Yu¹, Dandan Peng¹, Sudha Subramani², Xuyang Wang¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 603-619, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012515
Abstract Recently, an increasing number of works start investigating the combination of fog computing and electronic health (ehealth) applications. However, there are still numerous unresolved issues worth to be explored. For instance, there is a lack of investigation on the disease prediction in fog environment and only limited studies show, how the Quality of Service (QoS) levels of fog services and the data stream mining techniques influence each other to improve the disease prediction performance (e.g., accuracy and time efficiency). To address these issues, we propose a fog-based framework for disease prediction based on Medical sensor data streams, named FogMed. This… More >

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Zhoubao Sun^1,*, Xiaodong Zhang¹, Haoyuan Li¹, Yan Xiao², Haifeng Guo³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 621-630, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012593
Abstract Recommender system is an effective tool to solve the problems of information overload. The traditional recommender systems, especially the collaborative filtering ones, only consider the two factors of users and items. While social networks contain abundant social information, such as tags, places and times. Researches show that the social information has a great impact on recommendation results. Tags not only describe the characteristics of items, but also reflect the interests and characteristics of users. Since the traditional recommender systems cannot parse multi-dimensional information, in this paper, a tensor decomposition model based on tag regularization is proposed which incorporates social information… More >

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Sadeeq Jan^1,*, Omer Bin Tauqeer¹, Fazal Qudus Khan², George Tsaramirsis², Awais Ahmad³, Iftikhar Ahmad⁴, Imran Maqsood⁵, Niamat Ullah⁶
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 631-645, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012831
Abstract Over the last decade, a significant increase has been observed in the use of web-based Information systems that process sensitive information, e.g., personal, financial, medical. With this increased use, the security of such systems became a crucial aspect to ensure safety, integrity and authenticity of the data. To achieve the objectives of data safety, security testing is performed. However, with growth and diversity of information systems, it is challenging to apply security testing for each and every system. Therefore, it is important to classify the assets based on their required level of security using an appropriate technique. In this paper,… More >

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Shangjun Luo¹, Junwei Luo¹, Wei Lu^1,*, Yanmei Fang¹, Jinhua Zeng², Shaopei Shi², Yue Zhang^3,4
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 647-657, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012869
Abstract The estimation of image resampling factors is an important problem in image forensics. Among all the resampling factor estimation methods, spectrumbased methods are one of the most widely used methods and have attracted a lot of research interest. However, because of inherent ambiguity, spectrum-based methods fail to discriminate upscale and downscale operations without any prior information. In general, the application of resampling leaves detectable traces in both spatial domain and frequency domain of a resampled image. Firstly, the resampling process will introduce correlations between neighboring pixels. In this case, a set of periodic pixels that are correlated to their neighbors… More >

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Qingming Deng^1,2, Xiaochun Yin¹, Magd Abdel Wahab^3,4,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 659-673, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012878
Abstract This paper analyses the effect of surface treatment on fretting fatigue specimen by numerical simulations using Finite Element Analysis. The processed specimen refers to artificially adding a cylindrical pit to its contact surface. Then, the contact radius between the pad and the specimen is controlled by adjusting the radius of the pit. The stress distribution and slip amplitude of the contact surface under different contact geometries are compared. The critical plane approach is used to predict the crack initiation life and to evaluate the effect of processed specimen on its fretting fatigue performance. Both crack initiation life and angle can… More >

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Ahlam Aljabali¹, Abdul Rahman Mohd Kasim^1,*, Nur Syamilah Arifin², Sharena Mohamad Isa³, Noor Amalina Nisa Ariffin¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 675-689, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012334
Abstract Non-Newtonian is a type of fluid that does not comply with the viscosity under the Law of Newton and is being widely used in industrial applications. These include those related to chemical industries, cosmetics manufacturing, pharmaceutical field, food processing, as well as oil and gas activities. The inability of the conventional equations of Navier–Stokes to accurately depict rheological behavior for certain fluids led to an emergence study for non-Newtonian fluids’ models. In line with this, a mathematical model of forced convective flow on non-Newtonian Eyring Powell fluid under temperature-dependent viscosity (TDV) circumstance is formulated. The fluid model is embedded with… More >

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Muhammad Adnan Khan^1,*, Mubashar Habib¹, Shazia Saqib¹, Tahir Alyas¹, Khalid Masood Khan¹, Mohammed A. Al Ghamdi², Sultan H. Almotiri²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 691-706, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012542
Abstract The innovation and development in data science have an impact in all trades of life. The commercialization of sport has encouraged players, coaches, and other concerns to use technology to be in better position than r their opponents. In the past, the focus was on improved training techniques for better physical performance. These days, sports analytics identify the patterns in the performance and highlight strengths and weaknesses of potential players. Sports analytics not only predict the performance of players in the near future but it also performs predictive modeling for a particular behavior of a player in the past. The… More >

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Kashaf Junaid^1,*, Sumera Qasim², Humaira Yasmeen³, Hasan Ejaz¹, Abdullah Alsrhani¹, Muhammad Ikram Ullah¹, Fahad Ahmad⁴, Abdul Rehman⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 707-714, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012976
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Mathematical aspects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Analysis and Control)
Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a current pandemic that has affected more than 195 countries worldwide. In this severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, when treatment strategies are not yet clear and vaccines are not available, vitamins are an excellent choice to protect against this viral infection. The rationale behind this study was to examine the inhibitory effect of vitamins B, C, and D against the main protease of SARSCoV-2 and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which have critical rolesin the immune system. Molecular docking, performed by using MOE-Dock of the Chemical Computing Group, was used to understand the… More >

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Rizwan Ali Naqvi¹, Dildar Hussain², Woong-Kee Loh^3,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 715-732, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.013249
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Intelligent Decision Support Systems for Complex Healthcare Applications)
Abstract Multiple ocular region segmentation plays an important role in different applications such as biometrics, liveness detection, healthcare, and gaze estimation. Typically, segmentation techniques focus on a single region of the eye at a time. Despite the number of obvious advantages, very limited research has focused on multiple regions of the eye. Similarly, accurate segmentation of multiple eye regions is necessary in challenging scenarios involving blur, ghost effects low resolution, off-angles, and unusual glints. Currently, the available segmentation methods cannot address these constraints. In this paper, to address the accurate segmentation of multiple eye regions in unconstrainted scenarios, a lightweight outer… More >

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Sabeen Tahir^*, Sheikh Tahir Bakhsh, Rayed AlGhamdi
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.1, pp. 733-749, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.013261
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Intelligent Decision Support Systems for Complex Healthcare Applications)
Abstract Medical Internet of Things (MIoTs) is a collection of small and energyefficient wireless sensor devices that monitor the patient’s body. The healthcare networks transmit continuous data monitoring for the patients to survive them independently. There are many improvements in MIoTs, but still, there are critical issues that might affect the Quality of Service (QoS) of a network. Congestion handling is one of the critical factors that directly affect the QoS of the network. The congestion in MIoT can cause more energy consumption, delay, and important data loss. If a patient has an emergency, then the life-critical signals must transmit with… More >

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