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Husam Jasim Mohammed^1,*, Hajem Ati Daham²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2229-2239, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014445
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Wireless Sensors Networks Application in Healthcare and Medical Internet of Things (Miot) in Bio-Medical Sensors Networks)
Abstract In reality, the flipped classroom has gained popularity as a modern way of structuring teaching, where lectures move from in-class procedures to digitally-based assignments, freeing up the debate, and practice exercises class time. Therefore, it is essential to implement and analyze a way of teaching that will improve student performance. The paper aims to develop a model of the method of teaching science in Iraqi schools, and to assess whether teaching flipped classroom affects the achievement, motivation, and creative thinking of students by using the methodology of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) in the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The AHP approach… More >

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Amir Haider¹, Tayyaba Khan², MuhibUr Rahman³, Byung Moo Lee¹, Hyung Seok Kim^1,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2241-2251, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013908
Abstract A coplanar waveguide-fed quintuple band antenna with a slotted circular-shaped radiator for wireless applications with a high isolation between adjacent bands is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna resonates at multiple frequencies with corresponding center frequencies of 2.35, 4.92, 5.75, 6.52, and 8.46 GHz. The intended functionality is achieved by introducing a circular disc radiator with five slots and a U-shaped slot in the feed. The proposed antenna exhibits coverage of the maximum set of wireless applications, such as satellite communication, worldwide interoperability for microwave access, wireless local area network (WLAN), long-distance radio telecommunications, and X-band/Satcom wireless applications. The… More >

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Anees Imitaz¹, Aamina Aamina¹, Farhad Ali^2,3,*, Ilyas Khan⁴, Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2253-2264, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.012470
Abstract The present study is focused on the unsteady two-phase flow of blood in a cylindrical region. Blood is taken as a counter-example of Brinkman type fluid containing magnetic (dust) particles. The oscillating pressure gradient has been considered because for blood flow it is necessary to investigate in the form of a diastolic and systolic pressure. The transverse magnetic field has been applied externally to the cylindrical tube to study its impact on both fluids as well as particles. The system of derived governing equations based on Navier Stoke’s, Maxwell and heat equations has been generalized using the well-known Caputo–Fabrizio (C–F)… More >

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Fahad Ahmad^1,*, Saleh N. Almuayqil², Mamoona Humayun², Shahid Naseem³, Wasim Ahmad Khan⁴, Kashaf Junaid⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2265-2282, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013067
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Mathematical aspects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Analysis and Control)
Abstract COVID-19 is a pandemic that has affected nearly every country in the world. At present, sustainable development in the area of public health is considered vital to securing a promising and prosperous future for humans. However, widespread diseases, such as COVID-19, create numerous challenges to this goal, and some of those challenges are not yet defined. In this study, a Shallow Single-Layer Perceptron Neural Network (SSLPNN) and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model were used for the classification and prediction of confirmed COVID-19 cases in five geographically distributed regions of Asia with diverse settings and environmental conditions: namely, China, South Korea,… More >

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Mamdouh Alenezi¹, Abhishek Kumar Pandey², Richa Verma³, Mohd Faizan², Shalini Chandra³, Alka Agrawal², Rajeev Kumar^2,4,*, Raees Ahmad Khan²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2283-2299, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013579
Abstract Design architecture is the edifice that strengthens the functionalities as well as the security of web applications. In order to facilitate architectural security from the web application’s design phase itself, practitioners are now adopting the novel mechanism of security tactics. With the intent to conduct a research from the perspective of security tactics, the present study employs a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making approach named fuzzy analytic hierarchy process-technique for order preference by similarity ideal solution (AHP-TOPSIS) method for selecting and assessing multi-criteria decisions. The adopted methodology is a blend of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (fuzzy AHP) and fuzzy technique for order… More >

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Sitara Afzal¹, Muazzam Maqsood^1,*, Irfan Mehmood², Muhammad Tabish Niaz³, Sanghyun Seo⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2301-2315, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013966
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Artificial Intelligence and IoT based intelligent systems using high performance computing for Medical applications.)
Abstract Cerebral Microbleeds (CMBs) are microhemorrhages caused by certain abnormalities of brain vessels. CMBs can be found in people with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Alzheimer’s disease, and in old individuals having a brain injury. Current research reveals that CMBs can be highly dangerous for individuals having dementia and stroke. The CMBs seriously impact individuals’ life which makes it crucial to recognize the CMBs in its initial phase to stop deterioration and to assist individuals to have a normal life. The existing work report good results but often ignores false-positive’s perspective for this research area. In this paper, an efficient approach is… More >

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Saleh Albahli¹, Anadil Alsaqabi¹, Fatimah Aldhubayi¹, Hafiz Tayyab Rauf^2,*, Muhammad Arif³, Mazin Abed Mohammed⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2317-2341, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014113
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Intelligent techniques for energy efficient service management in Edge computing)
Abstract Crimes are expected to rise with an increase in population and the rising gap between society’s income levels. Crimes contribute to a significant portion of the socioeconomic loss to any society, not only through its indirect damage to the social fabric and peace but also the more direct negative impacts on the economy, social parameters, and reputation of a nation. Policing and other preventive resources are limited and have to be utilized. The conventional methods are being superseded by more modern approaches of machine learning algorithms capable of making predictions where the relationships between the features and the outcomes are… More >

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Sandeep Kumar¹, Teekam Singh^1,2, Kamaleldin Abodayeh³, Wasfi Shatanawi^3,4,5,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2343-2357, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014224
Abstract This study presents an inventory model for imperfect products with depletion in ordering costs and constant lead time where the price discount in the backorder is permitted. The imperfect products are refused or modified or if they reached to the customer, returned and thus some extra costs are experienced. Lately some of the researchers explicitly present on the significant association between size of lot and quality imperfection. In practical situations, the unsatisfied demands increase the period of lead time and decrease the backorders. To control customers' problems and losses, the supplier provides a price discount in backorders during shortages. Also,… More >

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Vinay Singh¹, Mohammed Alshehri^2,*, Alok Aggarwal³, Osama Alfarraj⁴, Purushottam Sharma⁵, K. R. Pardasani⁶
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2359-2371, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013272
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Emerging Computational Intelligence Technologies for Software Engineering: Paradigms, Principles and Applications)
Abstract Software development is getting a transition from centralized version control systems (CVCSs) like Subversion to decentralized version control systems (DVCDs) like Git due to lesser efficiency of former in terms of branching, fusion, time, space, merging, offline commits & builds and repository, etc. Git is having a share of 77% of total VCS, followed by Subversion with a share of 13.5%. The majority of software industries are getting a migration from Subversion to Git. Only a few migration tools are available in the software industry. Still, these too lack in many features like lack of identifying the empty directories as… More >

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Antonio Peña-García^1,*, Huchang Liao²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2373-2383, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013151
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Current trends and Advancements for next-generation secure Industrial IoT)
Abstract The requirements for automotive lighting systems, especially the light patterns ensuring driver perception, are based on criteria related to the headlamps, rather than the light perceived by drivers and road users. Consequently, important factors such as pavement reflectance, driver age, or time of night, are largely ignored. Other factors such as presence of other vehicles, vehicle speed and weather conditions are considered by the Adaptive Driving Beam (ADB) and Adaptive Front-lighting System (AFS) respectively, though with no information regarding the visual perception of drivers and other road users. Evidently, it is simpler to simulate and measure the light emitted by… More >

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Yuhua Sun¹, Lili Yan^1,*, Zhibin Sun², Shibin Zhang¹, Jiazhong Lu¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2385-2395, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.012696
Abstract

Private comparison is the basis of many encryption technologies, and several related Quantum Private Comparison (QPC) protocols have been published in recent years. In these existing protocols, secret information is encoded by using conjugate coding or orthogonal states, and all users are quantum participants. In this paper, a novel semi-quantum private comparison scheme is proposed, which employs Bell entangled states as quantum resources. Two semi-quantum participants compare the equivalence of their private information with the help of a semi-honest third party (TP). Compared with the previous classical protocols, these two semi-quantum users can only make some particular action, such as… More >

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Rachid Zagrouba¹, Muhammad Adnan Khan^2,*, Atta-ur-Rahman¹, Muhammad Aamer Saleem³, Muhammad Faheem Mushtaq⁴, Abdur Rehman⁵, Muhammad Farhan Khan⁶
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2397-2407, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014042
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Mathematical aspects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Analysis and Control)
Abstract Novel Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) is a newer type of coronavirus that has not been formally detected in humans. It is established that this disease often affects people of different age groups, particularly those with body disorders, blood pressure, diabetes, heart problems, or weakened immune systems. The epidemic of this infection has recently had a huge impact on people around the globe with rising mortality rates. Rising levels of mortality are attributed to their transmitting behavior through physical contact between humans. It is extremely necessary to monitor the transmission of the infection and also to anticipate the early stages of the disease… More >

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Muhammad Yahya Saeed¹, Muhammad Awais¹, Muhammad Younas¹, Muhammad Arif Shah^2,*, Atif Khan³, M. Irfan Uddin⁴, Marwan Mahmoud⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2409-2423, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014330
Abstract Text Summarization is an essential area in text mining, which has procedures for text extraction. In natural language processing, text summarization maps the documents to a representative set of descriptive words. Therefore, the objective of text extraction is to attain reduced expressive contents from the text documents. Text summarization has two main areas such as abstractive, and extractive summarization. Extractive text summarization has further two approaches, in which the first approach applies the sentence score algorithm, and the second approach follows the word embedding principles. All such text extractions have limitations in providing the basic theme of the underlying documents.… More >

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Paweł Lula¹, Octavian Dospinescu^2,*, Daniel Homocianu², Napoleon-Alexandru Sireteanu²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2425-2443, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013771
Abstract Our primary research hypothesis stands on a simple idea: The evolution of top-rated publications on a particular theme depends heavily on the progress and maturity of related topics. And this even when there are no clear relations or some concepts appear to cease to exist and leave place for newer ones starting many years ago. We implemented our model based on Computer Science Ontology (CSO) and analyzed 44 years of publications. Then we derived the most important concepts related to Cloud Computing (CC) from the scientific collection offered by Clarivate Analytics. Our methodology includes data extraction using advanced web crawling… More >

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S. Abdel-Khalek^1,2,*, E. M. Khalil^1,3, Beida Alsubei¹, A. Al-Barakaty⁴, S. M. Abo Dahab⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2445-2456, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013830
Abstract In this paper, we analyzed squeezing in the information entropy, quantum state fidelity, and qubit-qubit entanglement in a time-dependent system. The proposed model consists of two qubits that interact with a two-mode electromagnetic field under the dissipation effect. An analytical solution is calculated by considering the constants for the equations of motion. The effect of the general form of the time-dependent for qubit-field coupling and the dissipation term on the temporal behavior of the qubit-qubit entanglement, quantum state fidelity, entropy, and variance squeezing are examined. It is shown that the intervals of entanglement caused more squeezing for the case of… More >

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V. Priya¹, I. Sumaiya Thaseen¹, Thippa Reddy Gadekallu¹, Mohamed K. Aboudaif^2,*, Emad Abouel Nasr³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2457-2470, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013852
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Current trends and Advancements for next-generation secure Industrial IoT)
Abstract Generally, the risks associated with malicious threats are increasing for the Internet of Things (IoT) and its related applications due to dependency on the Internet and the minimal resource availability of IoT devices. Thus, anomaly-based intrusion detection models for IoT networks are vital. Distinct detection methodologies need to be developed for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) network as threat detection is a significant expectation of stakeholders. Machine learning approaches are considered to be evolving techniques that learn with experience, and such approaches have resulted in superior performance in various applications, such as pattern recognition, outlier analysis, and speech recognition.… More >

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Amit Kumar Bhardwaj¹, Lalit Garg^2,*, Arunesh Garg¹, Yuvraj Gajpal³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2471-2492, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014099
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: COVID-19 impacts on Software Engineering industry and research community)
Abstract In the COVID-19 pandemic situation, the need to adopt cloud computing (CC) applications by education institutions, in general, and higher education (HE) institutions, in particular, has especially increased to engage students in an online mode and remotely carrying out research. The adoption of CC across various sectors, including HE, has been picking momentum in the developing countries in the last few years. In the Indian context, the CC adaptation in the HE sector (HES) remains a less thoroughly explored sector, and no comprehensive study is reported in the literature. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to overcome this… More >

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Hyun Kyu Shin¹, Si Woon Lee², Goo Pyo Hong³, Lee Sael², Sang Hyo Lee⁴, Ha Young Kim^5,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2493-2507, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014170
Abstract The demand for defect diagnoses is gradually gaining ground owing to the growing necessity to implement safe inspection methods to ensure the durability and quality of structures. However, conventional manpower-based inspection methods not only incur considerable cost and time, but also cause frequent disputes regarding defects owing to poor inspections. Therefore, the demand for an effective and efficient defect-diagnosis model for concrete structures is imminent, as the reduction in maintenance costs is significant from a long-term perspective. Thus, this paper proposes a deep learning-based image object-identification method to detect the defects of paint peeling, leakage peeling, and leakage traces that… More >

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Norah Saleh Alghamdi^1,*, Mohammad Ayoub Khan²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2509-2524, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014180
Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and Internet of Things (IoT) have gained more popularity in recent years as an underlying infrastructure for connected devices and sensors in smart cities. The data generated from these sensors are used by smart cities to strengthen their infrastructure, utilities, and public services. WSNs are suitable for long periods of data acquisition in smart cities. To make the networks of smart cities more reliable for sensitive information, the blockchain mechanism has been proposed. The key issues and challenges of WSNs in smart cities is efficiently scheduling the resources; leading to extending the network lifetime of sensors.… More >

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Mohammed Alshehri^1,*, Purushottam Sharma², Richa Sharma², Osama Alfarraj³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2525-2538, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.012469
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Management of Security, Privacy and Trust of Multimedia Data in Mobile devices communication)
Abstract Sensors and physical activity evaluation are quite limited for motion-based commercial devices. Sometimes the accelerometer of the smartwatch is utilized; walking is investigated. The combination can perform better in terms of sensors and that can be determined by sensors on both the smartwatch and phones, i.e., accelerometer and gyroscope. For biometric efficiency, some of the diverse activities of daily routine have been evaluated, also with biometric authentication. The result shows that using the different computing techniques in phones and watch for biometric can provide a suitable output based on the mentioned activities. This indicates that the high feasibility and results… More >

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Hongri Liu^1,2,3, Xu Zhang^1,3, Jingjing Li^1,3, Bailing Wang^1,3,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2539-2553, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.012213
Abstract

A collective user web behavior simulation is an import means for generating a large-scale user network behavior in a network testbed or cyber range. Existing studies almost focus on individual web behavior analysis and prediction, which cannot simulate human dynamics that widely exist in large-scale users’ behaviors. To address these issues, we propose a novel collective user web behavior simulation method, in which an algorithm for constructing a connected virtual social network is proposed, and then a collective user web behavior simulation algorithm is designed on the virtual social network. In the simulation method, a new epidemic information dissemination algorithm… More >

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Phong Thanh Nguyen¹, Vy Dang Bich Huynh², Khoa Dang Vo¹, Phuong Thanh Phan¹, Mohamed Elhoseny³, Dac-Nhuong Le^4,5,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2555-2571, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.012941
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Intelligent Decision Support Systems for Complex Healthcare Applications)
Abstract Data fusion is a multidisciplinary research area that involves different domains. It is used to attain minimum detection error probability and maximum reliability with the help of data retrieved from multiple healthcare sources. The generation of huge quantity of data from medical devices resulted in the formation of big data during which data fusion techniques become essential. Securing medical data is a crucial issue of exponentially-pacing computing world and can be achieved by Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). In this regard, since singular-modality is not adequate to attain high detection rate, there is a need exists to merge diverse techniques using… More >

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Yichao Zang^1,*, Tairan Hu², Tianyang Zhou², Wanjiang Deng³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2573-2585, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.012220
Abstract Mining penetration testing semantic knowledge hidden in vast amounts of raw penetration testing data is of vital importance for automated penetration testing. Associative rule mining, a data mining technique, has been studied and explored for a long time. However, few studies have focused on knowledge discovery in the penetration testing area. The experimental result reveals that the long-tail distribution of penetration testing data nullifies the effectiveness of associative rule mining algorithms that are based on frequent pattern. To address this problem, a Bayesian inference based penetration semantic knowledge mining algorithm is proposed. First, a directed bipartite graph model, a kind… More >

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Dildar Hussain¹, Rizwan Ali Naqvi², Woong-Kee Loh³, Jooyoung Lee^1,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2587-2598, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013031
Abstract Many existing techniques to acquire dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images are unable to accurately distinguish between bone and soft tissue. For the most part, this failure stems from bone shape variability, noise and low contrast in DXA images, inconsistent X-ray beam penetration producing shadowing effects, and person-to-person variations. This work explores the feasibility of using state-of-the-art deep learning semantic segmentation models, fully convolutional networks (FCNs), SegNet, and U-Net to distinguish femur bone from soft tissue. We investigated the performance of deep learning algorithms with reference to some of our previously applied conventional image segmentation techniques (i.e., a decision-tree-based method using… More >

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Fahad A. Alzahrani^*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2599-2625, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013124
Abstract Usability and security are often considered contradictory in nature. One has a negative impact on the other. In order to satisfy the needs of users with the security perspective, the relationship and trade-offs among security and usability must be distinguished. Security practitioners are working on developing new approaches that would help to secure healthcare web applications as well increase usability of the web applications. In the same league, the present research endeavour is premised on the usable-security of healthcare web applications. For a compatible blend of usability and security that would fulfill the users’ requirments, this research proposes an integration… More >

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Tuan Thanh Le¹, Jong-Beom Jeong², SangSoon Lee¹, Jaehyoun Kim², Eun-Seok Ryu^2,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2627-2643, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013399
Abstract Recent advances in 360 video streaming technologies have enhanced the immersive experience of video streaming services. Particularly, there is immense potential for the application of 360 video encoding formats to achieve highly immersive virtual reality (VR) systems. However, 360 video streaming requires considerable bandwidth, and its performance depends on several factors. Consequently, the optimization of 360 video bitstreams according to viewport texture is crucial. Therefore, we propose an adaptive solution for VR systems using viewport-dependent tiled 360 video streaming. To increase the degrees of freedom of users, the moving picture experts group (MPEG) recently defined three degrees plus of freedom… More >

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Jin Han¹, Cheng Wang², Jie Miao³, Mingxin Lu³, Yingchun Wang⁴, Jin Shi^3,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2645-2654, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014371
Abstract With the development of information technology, cloud computing technology has brought many conveniences to all aspects of work and life. With the continuous promotion, popularization and vigorous development of e-government and e-commerce, the number of documents in electronic form is getting larger and larger. Electronic document is an indispensable main tool and real record of e-government and business activities. How to scientifically and effectively manage electronic documents? This is an important issue faced by governments and enterprises in improving management efficiency, protecting state secrets or business secrets, and reducing management costs. This paper discusses the application of cloud computing technology… More >

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Jaiteg Singh¹, Tanya Gera¹, Farman Ali², Deepak Thakur¹, Karamjeet Singh³, Kyung-sup Kwak^4,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2655-2670, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014504
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Machine Learning-based Intelligent Systems: Theories, Algorithms, and Applications)
Abstract Android has been dominating the smartphone market for more than a decade and has managed to capture 87.8% of the market share. Such popularity of Android has drawn the attention of cybercriminals and malware developers. The malicious applications can steal sensitive information like contacts, read personal messages, record calls, send messages to premium-rate numbers, cause financial loss, gain access to the gallery and can access the user’s geographic location. Numerous surveys on Android security have primarily focused on types of malware attack, their propagation, and techniques to mitigate them. To the best of our knowledge, Android malware literature has never… More >

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Shaymaa E. Sorour^1,*, Tamer M. Kamel², Hanan E. Abdelkader³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2671-2689, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014395
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the educational systems worldwide, leading to the near-total closures of schools, universities, and colleges. Universities need to adapt to changes to face this crisis without negatively affecting students’ performance. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to identify and help solve to critical challenges and factors that influence the e-learning system for Computer Maintenance courses during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper examines the effect of a hybrid modeling approach that uses Cloud Computing Services (CCS) and Virtual Reality (VR) in a Virtual Cloud Learning Environment (VCLE) system. The VCLE system provides students with various utilities… More >

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Zhengbo Luo¹, Hamïd Parvïn^2,3,4,*, Harish Garg⁵, Sultan Noman Qasem^6,7, Kim-Hung Pho⁸, Zulkefli Mansor⁹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2691-2708, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.012547
Abstract These days, imbalanced datasets, denoted throughout the paper by ID, (a dataset that contains some (usually two) classes where one contains considerably smaller number of samples than the other(s)) emerge in many real world problems (like health care systems or disease diagnosis systems, anomaly detection, fraud detection, stream based malware detection systems, and so on) and these datasets cause some problems (like under-training of minority class(es) and over-training of majority class(es), bias towards majority class(es), and so on) in classification process and application. Therefore, these datasets take the focus of many researchers in any science and there are several solutions… More >

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Yunping Zhao¹, Weixuan Liang¹, Jianzhuang Lu^1,*, Xiaowen Chen¹, Nijiwa Kong²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2709-2722, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013389
Abstract Late fusion multi-view clustering (LFMVC) algorithms aim to integrate the base partition of each single view into a consensus partition. Base partitions can be obtained by performing kernel k-means clustering on all views. This type of method is not only computationally efficient, but also more accurate than multiple kernel k-means, and is thus widely used in the multi-view clustering context. LFMVC improves computational efficiency to the extent that the computational complexity of each iteration is reduced from O(n³) to O(n) (where n is the number of samples). However, LFMVC also limits the search space of the optimal solution, meaning that… More >

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Shumaila Shahzadi¹, Fahad Ahmad^1,*, Asma Basharat¹, Madallah Alruwaili², Saad Alanazi², Mamoona Humayun², Muhammad Rizwan¹, Shahid Naseem³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2723-2749, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014594
Abstract With the rising demand for data access, network service providers face the challenge of growing their capital and operating costs while at the same time enhancing network capacity and meeting the increased demand for access. To increase efficacy of Software Defined Network (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) framework, we need to eradicate network security configuration errors that may create vulnerabilities to affect overall efficiency, reduce network performance, and increase maintenance cost. The existing frameworks lack in security, and computer systems face few abnormalities, which prompts the need for different recognition and mitigation methods to keep the system in the… More >

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Mohamed Abdel-Basset^1,*, Rehab Mohamed¹, Florentin Smarandache², Mohamed Elhoseny³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2751-2769, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013092
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Intelligent Decision Support Systems for Complex Healthcare Applications)
Abstract Supplier selection is a common and relevant phase to initialize the supply chain processes and ensure its sustainability. The choice of supplier is a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) to obtain the optimal decision based on a group of criteria. The health care sector faces several types of problems, and one of the most important is selecting an appropriate supplier that fits the desired performance level. The development of service/product quality in health care facilities in a country will improve the quality of the life of its population. This paper proposes an integrated multi-attribute border approximation area comparison (MABAC) based on… More >

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H. Asha Gnana Priya¹, J. Anitha¹, Daniela Elena Popescu², Anju Asokan¹, D. Jude Hemanth¹, Le Hoang Son^3,4,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2771-2786, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.012907
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Deep Learning Trends in Intelligent Systems)
Abstract Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is an eye disease that mainly affects people with diabetes. People affected by DR start losing their vision from an early stage even though the symptoms are identified only at the later stage. Once the vision is lost, it cannot be regained but can be prevented from causing any further damage. Early diagnosis of DR is required for preventing vision loss, for which a trained ophthalmologist is required. The clinical practice is time-consuming and is not much successful in identifying DR at early stages. Hence, Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system is a suitable alternative for screening and grading… More >

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ARTICLE

Nawaf N. Hamadneh¹, Waqar A. Khan², Waqar Ashraf³, Samer H. Atawneh⁴, Ilyas Khan^5,*, Bandar N. Hamadneh⁶
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2787-2796, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013228
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Machine Learning and Computational Methods for COVID-19 Disease Detection and Prediction)
Abstract In this study, we have proposed an artificial neural network (ANN) model to estimate and forecast the number of confirmed and recovered cases of COVID-19 in the upcoming days until September 17, 2020. The proposed model is based on the existing data (training data) published in the Saudi Arabia Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) situation—Demographics. The Prey-Predator algorithm is employed for the training. Multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) is used in this study. To improve the performance of MLPNN, we determined the parameters of MLPNN using the prey-predator algorithm (PPA). The proposed model is called the MLPNN–PPA. The performance of the proposed… More >

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ARTICLE

Hassan M. Aljohani^*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2797-2814, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013489
Abstract An inverse problem in practical scientific investigations is the process of computing unknown parameters from a set of observations where the observations are only recorded indirectly, such as monitoring and controlling quality in industrial process control. Linear regression can be thought of as linear inverse problems. In other words, the procedure of unknown estimation parameters can be expressed as an inverse problem. However, maximum likelihood provides an unstable solution, and the problem becomes more complicated if unknown parameters are estimated from different samples. Hence, researchers search for better estimates. We study two joint censoring schemes for lifetime products in industrial… More >

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2027

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1062

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ARTICLE

Phong Thanh Nguyen¹, Vy Dang Bich Huynh², Khoa Dang Vo¹, Phuong Thanh Phan¹, Eunmok Yang^3,*, Gyanendra Prasad Joshi⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2815-2830, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.012315
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Intelligent Decision Support Systems for Complex Healthcare Applications)
Abstract Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a significant blinding disease that poses serious threat to human vision rapidly. Classification and severity grading of DR are difficult processes to accomplish. Traditionally, it depends on ophthalmoscopically-visible symptoms of growing severity, which is then ranked in a stepwise scale from no retinopathy to various levels of DR severity. This paper presents an ensemble of Orthogonal Learning Particle Swarm Optimization (OPSO) algorithm-based Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Model EOPSO-CNN in order to perform DR detection and grading. The proposed EOPSO-CNN model involves three main processes such as preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification. The proposed model initially involves… More >

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REVIEW

Mohammed H. Alsharif¹, Mahmoud A. M. Albreem², Ahmad A. A. Solyman³, Sunghwan Kim^4,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2831-2842, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013176
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Advanced 5G Communication System for Transforming Health Care)
Abstract Future networks communication scenarios by the 2030s will include notable applications are three-dimensional (3D) calls, haptics communications, unmanned mobility, tele-operated driving, bio-internet of things, and the Nano-internet of things. Unlike the current scenario in which megahertz bandwidth are sufficient to drive the audio and video components of user applications, the future networks of the 2030s will require bandwidths in several gigahertzes (GHz) (from tens of gigahertz to 1 terahertz [THz]) to perform optimally. Based on the current radio frequency allocation chart, it is not possible to obtain such a wide contiguous radio spectrum below 90 GHz (0.09 THz). Interestingly, these… More >

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ARTICLE

Faizan Ahmed^*, Waqar Ahmed Khan, Jamal Nayfeh
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2843-2856, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.012041
Abstract In the present study, an attempt is made to enhance the performance of heat pump by utilizing two types of nanofluids namely, copper and alumina nanofluids. These nanofluids were employed around the evaporator coil of the heat pump. The nanofluids were used to enhance the heat input to the system by means of providing an external jacket around the evaporator coil. Both the nanofluids were prepared in three volume fractions 1%, 2% and 5%. Water was chosen as the base fluid. The performance of the heat pump was assessed by calculating the coefficient of performance of the system when it… More >

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1054

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ARTICLE

Sabin C. Buraga¹, Octavian Dospinescu^2,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2857-2873, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014429
Abstract A knowledge-driven approach is proposed for assessing the music influence on university students. The proposed method of modeling and conducting the interactive pilot study can be useful to convey other surveys, interviews, and experiments created in various phases of the user interface (UI) design processes, as part of a general human-computer interaction (HCI) methodology. Benefiting from existing semantic Web and linked data standards, best practices, and tools, a microservice-oriented system is developed as a testbed platform able to generate playlists in a smart way according to users’ music preferences. This novel approach could bring also benefits for user interface adaptation… More >

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972

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ARTICLE

Abderrahmane Saidi^*, Abdelmouneim Moulay Lakhdar, Mohammed Beladgham
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2875-2889, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013744
Abstract Handwriting recognition is one of the most significant problems in pattern recognition, many studies have been proposed to improve this recognition of handwritten text for different languages. Yet, Fewer studies have been done for the Arabic language and the processing of its texts remains a particularly distinctive problem due to the variability of writing styles and the nature of Arabic scripts compared to other scripts. The present paper suggests a feature extraction technique for offline Arabic handwriting recognition. A handwriting recognition system for Arabic words using a few important structural features and based on a Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural… More >

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1294

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ARTICLE

Varghese S. Chooralil¹, Vinodh P. Vijayan², Biju Paul¹, M. M. Anishin Raj³, B. Karthikeyan^4,*, G. Manikandan⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2891-2903, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.012796
Abstract Key information extraction can reduce the dimensional effects while evaluating the correct preferences of users during semantic data analysis. Currently, the classifiers are used to maximize the performance of web-page recommendation in terms of precision and satisfaction. The recent method disambiguates contextual sentiment using conceptual prediction with robustness, however the conceptual prediction method is not able to yield the optimal solution. Context-dependent terms are primarily evaluated by constructing linear space of context features, presuming that if the terms come together in certain consumer-related reviews, they are semantically reliant. Moreover, the more frequently they coexist, the greater the semantic dependency is.… More >

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1922

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987

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ARTICLE

Sushil Kumar Singh¹, Yi Pan², Jong Hyuk Park^1,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2905-2922, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014151
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Intelligent techniques for energy efficient service management in Edge computing)
Abstract For the past few decades, the Internet of Things (IoT) has been one of the main pillars wielding significant impact on various advanced industrial applications, including smart energy, smart manufacturing, and others. These applications are related to industrial plants, automation, and e-healthcare fields. IoT applications have several issues related to developing, planning, and managing the system. Therefore, IoT is transforming into G-IoT (Green Internet of Things), which realizes energy efficiency. It provides high power efficiency, enhances communication and networking. Nonetheless, this paradigm did not resolve all smart applications’ challenges in edge infrastructure, such as communication bandwidth, centralization, security, and privacy.… More >

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ARTICLE

Muhammad Attique Khan¹, Nazar Hussain¹, Abdul Majid¹, Majed Alhaisoni², Syed Ahmad Chan Bukhari³, Seifedine Kadry⁴, Yunyoung Nam^5,*, Yu-Dong Zhang⁶
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2923-2938, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013191
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Innovation of Blockchain Technology)
Abstract In medical imaging, computer vision researchers are faced with a variety of features for verifying the authenticity of classifiers for an accurate diagnosis. In response to the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, new testing procedures, medical treatments, and vaccines are being developed rapidly. One potential diagnostic tool is a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RT-PCR, typically a time-consuming process, was less sensitive to COVID-19 recognition in the disease’s early stages. Here we introduce an optimized deep learning (DL) scheme to distinguish COVID-19-infected patients from normal patients according to computed tomography (CT) scans. In the proposed method, contrast enhancement is used to… More >

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ARTICLE

Mangena Venu Madhavan¹, Dang Ngoc Hoang Thanh², Aditya Khamparia^1,*, Sagar Pande¹, Rahul Malik¹, Deepak Gupta³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2939-2955, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.012466
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Intelligent Decision Support Systems for Complex Healthcare Applications)
Abstract Disease recognition in plants is one of the essential problems in agricultural image processing. This article focuses on designing a framework that can recognize and classify diseases on pomegranate plants exactly. The framework utilizes image processing techniques such as image acquisition, image resizing, image enhancement, image segmentation, ROI extraction (region of interest), and feature extraction. An image dataset related to pomegranate leaf disease is utilized to implement the framework, divided into a training set and a test set. In the implementation process, techniques such as image enhancement and image segmentation are primarily used for identifying ROI and features. An image… More >

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ARTICLE

Majdi K. Qabalin¹, Zaid A. Arida², Omar A. Saraereh³, Falin Wu^4,*, Imran Khan⁵, Peerapong Uthansakul⁶, Moath Alsafasfeh⁷
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2957-2972, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.013951
Abstract The Internet has penetrated all aspects of human society and has promoted social progress. Cyber-crimes in many forms are commonplace and are dangerous to society and national security. Cybersecurity has become a major concern for citizens and governments. The Internet functions and software applications play a vital role in cybersecurity research and practice. Most of the cyber-attacks are based on exploits in system or application software. It is of utmost urgency to investigate software security problems. The demand for Wi-Fi applications is proliferating but the security problem is growing, requiring an optimal solution from researchers. To overcome the shortcomings of… More >

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993

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ARTICLE

R. Alshenawy^1,2, Mohamed A. H. Sabry³, Ehab M. Almetwally^4,*, Hisham M. Elomngy²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2973-2995, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014289
Abstract Maximum product spacing for stress–strength model based on progressive Type-II hybrid censored samples with different cases has been obtained. This paper deals with estimation of the stress strength reliability model R = P(Y < X) when the stress and strength are two independent exponentiated Gumbel distribution random variables with different shape parameters but having the same scale parameter. The stress–strength reliability model is estimated under progressive Type-II hybrid censoring samples. Two progressive Type-II hybrid censoring schemes were used, Case I: A sample size of stress is the equal sample size of strength, and same time of hybrid censoring, the product… More >

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ARTICLE

Moez Krichen¹, Seifeddine Mechti², Roobaea Alroobaea³, Elyes Said⁴, Parminder Singh⁵, Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf⁶, Mehedi Masud^3,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2997-3011, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014090
Abstract Technological advances in recent years have significantly changed the way an operating room works. This work aims to create a platform to solve the problems of operating room occupancy and prepare the rooms with an environment that is favorable for all operations. Using this system, a doctor can control all operation rooms, especially before an operation, and monitor their temperature and humidity to prepare for the operation. Also, in the event of a problem, an alert is sent to the nurse responsible for the room and medical stuff so that the problem can be resolved. The platform is tested using… More >

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1132

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ARTICLE

Usman Shahzad^1,2,*, Ishfaq Ahmad¹, Ibrahim Mufrah Almanjahie^3,4, Nadia H. Al Noor⁵, Muhammad Hanif²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 3013-3028, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014101
Abstract Variance is one of the most important measures of descriptive statistics and commonly used for statistical analysis. The traditional second-order central moment based variance estimation is a widely utilized methodology. However, traditional variance estimator is highly affected in the presence of extreme values. So this paper initially, proposes two classes of calibration estimators based on an adaptation of the estimators recently proposed by Koyuncu and then presents a new class of L-Moments based calibration variance estimators utilizing L-Moments characteristics (L-location, L-scale, L-CV) and auxiliary information. It is demonstrated that the proposed L-Moments based calibration variance estimators are more efficient than… More >

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ARTICLE

Khomdet Phapatanaburi¹, Kasidit kokkhunthod², Longbiao Wang³, Talit Jumphoo², Monthippa Uthansakul², Anyaporn Boonmahitthisud⁴, Peerapong Uthansakul^2,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 3029-3044, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014433
Abstract A brainwave classification, which does not involve any limb movement and stimulus for character-writing applications, benefits impaired people, in terms of practical communication, because it allows users to command a device/computer directly via electroencephalogram signals. In this paper, we propose a new framework based on Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) features along with the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and Kernel Extreme Learning Machine (KELM)-based classifiers. For this purpose, firstly, we introduce EMD to decompose EEG signals into Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs), which actually are used as the input features of the brainwave classification for the character-writing application. We hypothesize that EMD… More >

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