Home / Journals / CMES / Vol.109-110, No.2, 2015
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  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Comparison of Scenarios with and without Bridges and Analysis of Backwater Effect in 1-D and 2-D River Flood Modeling

    P. Costabile1, F. Macchione1, L. Natale2, G. Petaccia2
    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.109-110, No.2, pp. 81-103, 2015, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2015.109.081
    Abstract In this paper the impact induced by bridges on the river flow is studied applying 1-D and 2-D unsteady flow models. Both the models are based on the Shallow Water Equations written in conservative form and solved with first order upwind schemes. In particular, the effect of bridges on the flow behavior simulated by the models is discussed from a practical point of view, with reference to the longitudinal and cross-section water surface profiles. Two cases characterized by bridges perpendicular to the principle flow direction are presented. The bridges are located in almost rectilinear river reaches whose cross-sections are confined… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    A Probabilistic Approach to Hazard Mapping Based on Computer Simulations. An Example for Lava Flows at Mount Etna

    R. Rongo1,2, D. D’Ambrosio1,2, G. Iovine2,3, F. Lucà4, V. Lupiano5, V.P.Boñgolan6, W. Spataro1,2
    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.109-110, No.2, pp. 105-130, 2015, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2015.109.105
    Abstract Determining sectors that could be affected by lava flows in volcanic areas is essential for risk mitigation purposes. Traditionally, when adopting methods based on probabilistic numerical simulations, the hazard is assessed by analysing a huge set of simulations of hypothetical events, each characterized by a distinct probability of occurrence based on statistics of historical events. If lateral or eccentric eruptions are also taken into account, simulated lava flows usually start from the nodes of regular grids of potential vents, uniformly covering the study area. In this study, an alternative approach to evaluate flow-type hazard, based on a nonuniform grid of… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    A Framework for Comprehensive Impact Assessment in the Case of an ExtremeWinter Scenario, Considering Integrative Aspects of Systemic Vulnerability and Resilience

    Riitta Molarius1, Pekka Tuomaala1, Kalevi Piira1, Minna Räikkönen1, Christoph Aubrecht2, Maria Polese3, Giulio Zuccaro3,4, KaroliinaPilli-Sihvola5, Kalev Ranna
    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.109-110, No.2, pp. 131-158, 2015, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2015.109.131
    Abstract In northern regions, society can be seriously interrupted by a prolonged electricity network blackout due to a winter storm that cuts off power, communication and road networks. Due to hard winter weather it is essential to enhance the resilience of society to avoid danger to life. This can be achieved by developing new models to enhance preparedness for coming disaster events and to support rescue and other authorities to focus their resources on the most vulnerable targets in actual cases of emergencies. This paper presents a part of the results of activities performed within the EU project ‘CRISMA – Modelling… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Population Exposure and Impacts from Earthquakes: Assessing Spatio-temporal Changes in the XX Century

    S. Freire1, D. Ehrlich1, S. Ferri1
    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.109-110, No.2, pp. 159-182, 2015, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2015.109.159
    Abstract Media and specialized scientific literature are often addressing the “increasing impact and ensuing damages due to natural hazards”. It is frequently argued that a rising frequency and intensity of hazards is responsible for the increase in losses. The role of increasing population exposure due to phenomenal population growth, or urbanization as a driver of risk is still insufficiently addressed. We investigate spatio-temporal changes in population exposure to seismic hazard and their role on impacts from earthquakes in the XX century. Spatial analysis is used to study historical population distributions in relation to seismic intensity, at the global and continental levels.… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Modelling of Landslides: An SPH Approach

    M. Pastor1, T. Blanc1, V. Drempetic1 , P. Dutto1 , M. Martín Stickle1, A.Yagüe1
    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.109-110, No.2, pp. 183-220, 2015, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2015.109.183
    Abstract This paper presents a model (mathematical, rheological and numerical) for triggering and propagation of landslides presenting coupling between the solid skeleton and the pore fluid. The model consists of two sub models, a depth integrated model incorporating the propagation equations, and a 1D model describing pore pressure evolution. The depth integrated sub model is discretized using a set of SPH nodes, each one having an associated finite difference mesh for discretizing the pore pressure evolution. The model we propose differs from other depth integrated models with coupled pore pressures proposed in the past in the way pore pressures are described… More >

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