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Rachid Maouedj¹, Younes Menni², Mustafa Inc^3,4,*, Yu-Ming Chu^5,6,*, Houari Ameur⁷, Giulio Lorenzini⁸
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.126, No.3, pp. 855-889, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.014524
Abstract Re-engineering the channel heat exchangers (CHEs) is the goal of many recent studies, due to their great importance in the scope of energy transport in various industrial and environmental fields. Changing the internal geometry of the CHEs by using extended surfaces, i.e., VGs (vortex generators), is the most common technique to enhance the efficiency of heat exchangers. This work aims to develop a new design of solar collectors to improve the overall energy efficiency. The study presents a new channel design by introducing VGs. The FVM (finite volume method) was adopted as a numerical technique to solve the problem, with… More >

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1611

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Daobing Wang¹, Fang Shi^2,*, Hao Qin^1,*, Dongliang Sun¹, Bo Yu¹
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.126, No.3, pp. 891-914, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.014206
Abstract In this study, we use the extended finite element method (XFEM) with a consideration of junction enrichment functions to investigate the mechanics of hydraulic fractures related to naturally cemented fractures. In the proposed numerical model, the lubrication equation is adopted to describe the fluid flow within fractures. The fluid-solid coupling systems of the hydraulic fracturing problem are solved using the Newton-Raphson method. The energy release rate criterion is used to determine the cross/arrest behavior between a hydraulic fracture (HF) and a cemented natural fracture (NF). The failure patterns and mechanisms of crack propagation at the intersection of natural fractures are… More >

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2215

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1309

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Jurica Sorić^*, Tomislav Lesičar, Zdenko Tonković
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.126, No.3, pp. 915-934, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.014142
Abstract The paper deals with the numerical modelling of ductile damage responses in heterogeneous materials using the classical second-order homogenization approach. The scale transition methodology in the multiscale framework is described. The structure at the macrolevel is discretized by the triangular C¹ finite elements obeying nonlocal continuum theory, while the discretization of microstructural volume element at the microscale is conducted by means of the mixed type quadrilateral finite element with the nonlocal equivalent plastic strain as an additional nodal variable. The ductile damage evolution at the microlevel is modelled by using the gradient enhanced elastoplasticity. The macrolevel softening is governed by… More >

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1908

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1331

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Jinguang Yang, Feng Zhao, Min Zhang^*, Yan Liu, Xiaofang Wang
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.126, No.3, pp. 935-953, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.014176
Abstract For a radial inflow turbine (RIT), leakage flow in impeller backface cavity has critical impacts on aerodynamic performance of the RIT and axial force acting on the RIT impeller. In order to control this leakage flow, different types of labyrinth seals are numerically studied in this paper based on a supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO₂) RIT. The effects of seal clearance and cavity outlet pressure are first analyzed, and the impacts of seal design parameters, including height, number and shape of seal teeth, are evaluated. Results indicate that adding labyrinth seal can improve cavity pressure and hence adequately inhibits leakage flow.… More >

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1962

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1591

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W. M. Abd-Elhameed^1,2,*, Asmaa M. Alkenedri²
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.126, No.3, pp. 955-989, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.013603
Abstract This paper is dedicated to implementing and presenting numerical algorithms for solving some linear and nonlinear even-order two-point boundary value problems. For this purpose, we establish new explicit formulas for the high-order derivatives of certain two classes of Jacobi polynomials in terms of their corresponding Jacobi polynomials. These two classes generalize the two celebrated non-symmetric classes of polynomials, namely, Chebyshev polynomials of third- and fourth-kinds. The idea of the derivation of such formulas is essentially based on making use of the power series representations and inversion formulas of these classes of polynomials. The derived formulas serve in converting the even-order… More >

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1254

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Sunil Kr. Jha^1,*, Ivan Uzunov², Xiaorui Zhang¹
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.126, No.3, pp. 991-1009, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.011821
Abstract Ohrid trout (Salamo letnica) is an endemic species of fish found in Lake Ohrid in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM). The growth of Ohrid trout was examined in a controlled environment for a certain period, thereafter released into the lake to grow their natural population. The external features of the fish were measured regularly during the cultivation period in the laboratory to monitor their growth. The data mining methods-based computational model can be used for fast, accurate, reliable, automatic, and improved growth monitoring procedures and classification of Ohrid trout. With this motivation, a combined approach of principal component… More >

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1838

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1278

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Jiahao Li, Guolai Yang^*, Quanzhao Sun
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.126, No.3, pp. 1011-1031, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.013982
Abstract In this paper, the subdomain analysis model of the eddy current brake (ECB) is established. By comparing with the finite element method, the accuracies of the subdomain model and the finite element model are verified. Furthermore, the resistance characteristics of radial, axial, and Halbach arrays under impact load are calculated and compared. The axial array has a large braking force coefficient but low critical velocity. The radial array has a low braking force coefficient but high critical velocity. The Halbach array has the advantages of the first two arrays. Not only the braking force coefficient is large, but also the… More >

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2041

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1373

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Houlin Yang¹, Bingquan Zuo^1,2,*, Zhipeng Wei^1,2, Huixin Luo^1,2, Jianguo Fei^1,2
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.126, No.3, pp. 1033-1052, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.014493
Abstract The isogeometric analysis method (IGA) is a new type of numerical method solving partial differential equations. Compared with the traditional finite element method, IGA based on geometric spline can keep the model consistency between geometry and analysis, and provide higher precision with less freedom. However, huge stiffness matrix from the subdivision progress still leads to the solution efficiency problems. This paper presents a multigrid method based on geometric multigrid (GMG) to solve the matrix system of IGA. This method extracts the required computational data for multigrid method from the IGA process, which also can be used to improve the traditional… More >

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1769

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1500

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Yonghua Huo¹, Yi Cao², Zhihao Wang¹, Yu Yan³, Zhongdi Ge³, Yang Yang^3,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.126, No.3, pp. 1053-1091, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.013045
Abstract In recent years, with the continuous development of information technology and the rapid growth of network scale, network monitoring and management become more and more important. Network traffic is an important part of network state. In order to ensure the normal operation of the network, improve the availability of the network, find network faults in time and deal with network attacks; it is necessary to detect the abnormal traffic in the network. Abnormal traffic detection is of great significance in the actual network management. Therefore, in order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of network traffic anomaly detection, this paper… More >

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1901

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1278

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Yezhi Qin, Ying Wang, Zhikai Wang^*, Xiongliang Yao
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.126, No.3, pp. 1093-1123, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.012969
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Soft Computing Techniques in Materials Science and Engineering)
Abstract The shock wave of the underwater explosion can cause severe damage to the ship structure. The propagation characteristics of shock waves near the structure surface are complex, involving lots of complex phenomena such as reflection, transmission, diffraction, and cavitation. However, different structure surface boundaries have a significant effect on the propagation characteristics of pressure. This paper focuses on investigating the behavior of shock wave propagation and cavitation from underwater explosions near various structure surfaces. A coupled Runge–Kutta discontinuous Galerkin (RKDG) and finite element method (FEM) is utilized to solve the problem of the complex waves of fluids and structure dynamic… More >

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2388

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1675

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Muhammad Riaz¹, Masooma Raza Hashmi¹, Dragan Pamucar², Yuming Chu^3,4,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.126, No.3, pp. 1125-1164, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.013699
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Intelligent Computing for Engineering Applications)
Abstract The existing concepts of picture fuzzy sets (PFS), spherical fuzzy sets (SFSs), T-spherical fuzzy sets (T-SFSs) and neutrosophic sets (NSs) have numerous applications in decision-making problems, but they have various strict limitations for their satisfaction, dissatisfaction, abstain or refusal grades. To relax these strict constraints, we introduce the concept of spherical linear Diophantine fuzzy sets (SLDFSs) with the inclusion of reference or control parameters. A SLDFS with parameterizations process is very helpful for modeling uncertainties in the multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) process. SLDFSs can classify a physical system with the help of reference parameters. We discuss various real-life applications of… More >

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Tahir Mahmood¹, Wajid Ali¹, Zeeshan Ali¹, Ronnason Chinram^2,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.126, No.3, pp. 1165-1187, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.014393
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Intelligent Computing for Engineering Applications)
Abstract Intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy set (IHFS) is a mixture of two separated notions called intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) and hesitant fuzzy set (HFS), as an important technique to cope with uncertain and awkward information in realistic decision issues. IHFS contains the grades of truth and falsity in the form of the subset of the unit interval. The notion of IHFS was defined by many scholars with different conditions, which contain several weaknesses. Here, keeping in view the problems of already defined IHFSs, we will define IHFS in another way so that it becomes compatible with other existing notions. To examine the… More >

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Jingjing Sun¹, Bugao Xu^1,2,*, Jane Lee³, Jeanne H. Freeland-Graves³
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.126, No.3, pp. 1189-1202, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.014405
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Computer Methods in Bio-mechanics and Biomedical Engineering)
Abstract This study aims to explore new categorization that characterizes the distribution clusters of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues (VAT and SAT) measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to analyze the relationship between the VAT-SAT distribution patterns and the novel body shape descriptors (BSDs), and to develop a classifier to predict the fat distribution clusters using the BSDs. In the study, 66 male and 54 female participants were scanned by MRI and a stereovision body imaging (SBI) to measure participants’ abdominal VAT and SAT volumes and the BSDs. A fuzzy c-means algorithm was used to form the inherent grouping clusters of… More >

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2177

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1382

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Shan Chun¹, Xiaolong Chen², Guoqiang Deng^3,*, Hao Liu⁴
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.126, No.3, pp. 1203-1216, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.012230
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Intelligent Models for Security and Resilience in Cyber Physical Systems)
Abstract The important issues of network TCP congestion control are how to compute the link price according to the link status and regulate the data sending rate based on link congestion pricing feedback information. However, it is difficult to predict the congestion state of the link-end accurately at the source. In this paper, we presented an improved NUMFabric algorithm for calculating the overall congestion price. In the proposed scheme, the whole network structure had been obtained by the central control server in the Software Defined Network, and a kind of dual-hierarchy algorithm for calculating overall network congestion price had been demonstrated.… More >

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2050

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1363

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Haixia Yang¹, Yixian Shen², Wei Zhuang², Chunming Gao³, Dong Dai⁴, Weigong Zhang^1,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.126, No.3, pp. 1217-1238, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.014558
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Intelligent Models for Security and Resilience in Cyber Physical Systems)
Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a very common neurodegenerative disease that occurs mostly in the elderly. There are many main clinical manifestations of PD, such as tremor, bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, etc. Based on the current research on PD, the accurate and convenient detection of early symptoms is the key to detect PD. With the development of microelectronic and sensor technology, it is much easier to measure the barely noticeable tremor in just one hand for the early detection of Parkinson’s disease. In this paper, we present a smart wearable device for detecting hand tremor, in which MPU6050 (MIDI Processing Unit) consisting… More >

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Yinhuan Yang^1,*, Manfeng Gong¹, Xiaoqun Xia¹, Yuling Tang²
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.126, No.3, pp. 1239-1249, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.014129
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures)
Abstract In order to study the mechanical properties of Z-pins reinforced laminated composite single-lap adhesively bonded joint under un-directional static tensile load, damage failure analysis of the joint was carried out by means of test and numerical simulation. The failure mode and mechanism of the joint were analyzed by tensile failure experiments. According to the experimental results, the joint exhibits mixed failure, and the ultimate failure is Z-pins pulling out of the adherend. In order to study the failure mechanism of the joint, the finite element method is used to predict the failure strength. The numerical results are in good agreement… More >

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1551

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Yun Zhao, Shi Yan^*, Jiale Jia
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.126, No.3, pp. 1251-1274, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.013478
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures)
Abstract In this study, the pyramidal lattice stitched foam sandwich composite materials were manufactured by integrating top and bottom panels with pyramidal lattice core to overcome the weak interface between the core and the skins of the sandwich structure. The influence of the reinforcing core rods on the mechanical properties including compressive, shear, and three-point bending performances of the foam sandwich composite materials were revealed through theoretical analysis and comparative experiments. The theoretical predictions were consistent with the experimental results. Compressive test, shear test and three-point bending test were performed. The experimental results show that the core rods can significantly improve… More >

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2132

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1483

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Jie Zhang^1,5, Juan Yang^2,*, Li Wang³, Yizhang Jiang⁴, Pengjiang Qian⁴, Yuan Liu⁴
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.126, No.3, pp. 1275-1291, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.012112
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Innovation and Application of Intelligent Processing of Data, Information and Knowledge in E-Commerce)
Abstract With the rapid development of the Internet, the amount of data recorded on the Internet has increased dramatically. It is becoming more and more urgent to effectively obtain the specific information we need from the vast ocean of data. In this study, we propose a novel collaborative filtering algorithm for generating recommendations in e-commerce. This study has two main innovations. First, we propose a mechanism that embeds temporal behavior information to find a neighbor set in which each neighbor has a very significant impact on the current user or item. Second, we propose a novel collaborative filtering algorithm by injecting… More >

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1508

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Yong Xiao¹, Xin Jin¹, Jingfeng Yang², Yanhua Shen^3,*, Quansheng Guan⁴
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.126, No.3, pp. 1293-1313, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.012562
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Innovation and Application of Intelligent Processing of Data, Information and Knowledge in E-Commerce)
Abstract User-transformer relations are significant to electric power marketing, power supply safety, and line loss calculations. To get accurate user-transformer relations, this paper proposes an identification method for user-transformer relations based on improved quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) and Fuzzy C-Means Clustering. The main idea is: as energy meters at different transformer areas exhibit different zero-crossing shift features, we classify the zero-crossing shift data from energy meters through Fuzzy C-Means Clustering and compare it with that at the transformer end to identify user-transformer relations. The proposed method contributes in three main ways. First, based on the fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm (FCM),… More >

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1406

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Weihua Fang¹, Tiantang Yu^2,*, Yin Yang³
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.126, No.3, pp. 1315-1332, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.014575
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Modeling of Heterogeneous Materials)
Abstract Steady-state heat transfer problems in heterogeneous solid are simulated by developing an adaptive extended isogeometric analysis (XIGA) method based on locally refined non-uniforms rational B-splines (LR NURBS). In the XIGA, the LR NURBS, which have a simple local refinement algorithm and good description ability for complex geometries, are employed to represent the geometry and discretize the field variables; and some special enrichment functions are introduced into the approximation of temperature field, thus the computational mesh is independent of the material interfaces, which are described with the level set method. Similar to the approximation of temperature field, a temperature gradient recovery… More >

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