CMES-Vol. 116, No. 2, 2018

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Vol.116, No.2, 2018-Table of Contents

Open Access

EDITORIAL

Preface: Innovations and Current Trends in Computational Cardiovascular Modeling and Beyond: Molecular, Cellular, Tissue and Organ Biomechanics with Clinical Applications
Dalin Tang^1,2,*, Zhiyong Li¹
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.116, No.2, pp. 109-113, 2018, DOI:10.31614/cmes.2018.04201
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Innovations and Current Trends in Computational Cardiovascular Modeling: Molecular, Cellular, Tissue and Organ Biomechanics with Clinical Applications)
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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ARTICLE

Angle of Attack Between Blood Flow and Mitral Valve Leaflets in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: An In Vivo Multi-patient CT-based FSI Study
Long Deng¹, Xueying Huang^2,3,*, Heng Zuo⁴, Yuan Zheng², Chun Yang⁵, Yunhu Song¹, Dalin Tang⁶
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.116, No.2, pp. 115-125, 2018, DOI: 10.31614/cmes.2018.04076
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Innovations and Current Trends in Computational Cardiovascular Modeling: Molecular, Cellular, Tissue and Organ Biomechanics with Clinical Applications)
Abstract The mechanisms of systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) remain unclear. To investigate the angle of attack between blood flow and mitral valve leaflets at pre-SAM time point, patient-specific CT-based computational models were constructed for 5 patients receiving septal myectomy surgery to obtain pre- and post-operative 2D vector flow mapping. The comparisons between pre- and post-operative angles of attack based on 2D vector flow mapping of 5 patients were performed. It was found that there was no statistically significant difference between pre- and post-operative angles of attack (61.1±t wao vs. 56.2±56.o, p=0.306, n=5).… More >

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ARTICLE

The Analysis of Wall Shear Stress Modulated by Acute Exercise in the Human Common Carotid Artery with an Elastic Tube Model
Yanxia Wang¹, Yu Wang², Siqi Li³, ur Rehman Aziz³, Shutian Liu¹, Kairong Qin^2,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.116, No.2, pp. 127-147, 2018, DOI: 10.31614/cmes.2018.03985
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Innovations and Current Trends in Computational Cardiovascular Modeling: Molecular, Cellular, Tissue and Organ Biomechanics with Clinical Applications)
Abstract Assessment of the magnitude and pattern of wall shear stress (WSS) in vivo is the prerequisite for studying the quantitative relationship between exercise-induced WSS and arterial endothelial function. In the previous studies, the calculation of the WSS modulated by exercise training was primarily based upon the rigid tube model, which did not take non-linear effects of vessel elastic deformation into consideration. In this study, with an elastic tube model, we estimated the effect of a bout of 30-minute acute cycling exercise on the WSS and the flow rate in the common carotid artery according to the measured inner diameter, center-line… More >

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ARTICLE

Hemodynamics of Enhanced External Counterpulsation with Different Coronary Stenosis
Sihan Chen¹, Bao Li¹, Haisheng Yang¹, Jianhang Du², Xiaoling Li², Youjun Liu^1,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.116, No.2, pp. 149-162, 2018, DOI: 10.31614/cmes.2018.04133
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Innovations and Current Trends in Computational Cardiovascular Modeling: Molecular, Cellular, Tissue and Organ Biomechanics with Clinical Applications)
Abstract Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) is able to treat myocardial ischemia, which is usually caused by coronary artery stenosis. However, the underlying mechanisms regarding why this technique is effective in treating myocardial ischemia remains unclear and there is no patient-specific counterpulsation mode for different rates of coronary artery stenosis in clinic. This study sought to investigate the hemodynamic effect of varied coronary artery stenosis rates when using EECP and the necessity of adopting targeted counterpulsation mode to consider different rates of coronary artery stenosis. Three 3-dimensional (3D) coronary models with different stenosis rates, including 55% (Model 1), 65% (Model 2), and… More >

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ARTICLE

A Fast-Fractional Flow Reserve Simulation Method in A Patient with Coronary Stenosis Based on Resistance Boundary Conditions
Wenxin Wang^1,2, Dalin Tang², Boyan Mao¹, Bao Li¹, Xi Zhao³, Jian Liu⁴, Youjun Liu^1,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.116, No.2, pp. 163-173, 2018, DOI: 10.31614/cmes.2018.04219
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Innovations and Current Trends in Computational Cardiovascular Modeling: Molecular, Cellular, Tissue and Organ Biomechanics with Clinical Applications)
Abstract Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is the gold standard to identify individual stenosis causing myocardial ischemia in catheter laboratory. The purpose of this study is to present a fast simulation method to estimate FFR value of a coronary artery, which can evaluate the performance of vascular stenosis, based on resistance boundary conditions. A patient-specific 3-dimensional (3D) model of the left coronary system with intermediate diameter stenosis was reconstructed based on the CTA images. The resistance boundary conditions used to simulate the coronary microcirculation were computed based on anatomical reconstruction of coronary 3D model. This study was performed by coupling the 3D… More >

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ARTICLE

Influence of Clip Locations on Intraaneurysmal Flow Dynamics in Patient-specific Anterior Communicating Aneurysm Models with Different Aneurysmal Angle
Lizhong Mu^{1, *}, Qingzhuo Chi¹, Changjin Ji², Ying He¹, Ge Gao³
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.116, No.2, pp. 175-197, 2018, DOI:10.31614/cmes.2018.04191
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Innovations and Current Trends in Computational Cardiovascular Modeling: Molecular, Cellular, Tissue and Organ Biomechanics with Clinical Applications)
Abstract To improve aneurysm treatment, this study examined the influence of clip locations on hemodynamic factors in patient-specific anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms with different aneurysmal angle. We proposed a simplified classification of ACoA aneurysms using aneurysmal angle, defined by the angle of pivot of the aneurysmal dome and the virtual two-dimensional plane created by both proximal A2 segments of anterior cerebral artery (ACA). ACoA aneurysms with three different aneurysmal angles, which are 15°, 80° and 120°, were analyzed in our study. In this work, we obtained hemodynamics before and after clipping surgery with three clip locations based on clinical clipping… More >

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ARTICLE

Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Shroud Design on Hemodynamic Performance and Blood Damage in a Centrifugal Blood Pump
Guangliang Pan¹, Yu Chang^1,*, Mingrui Fu¹
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.116, No.2, pp. 199-213, 2018, DOI: 10.31614/cmes.2018.04080
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Innovations and Current Trends in Computational Cardiovascular Modeling: Molecular, Cellular, Tissue and Organ Biomechanics with Clinical Applications)
Abstract Patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation still suffer from high rates of complication that linked to the flow field within the blood pump. So it is essential to optimise the geometry of the pump. The specification of shroud design is arguably the necessary design parameter in the centrifugal pump. However, the hemodynamic performances of the different shroud designs have not been studied extensively. In this study, ten different shroud designs were made and divided into two groups as the different covering locations (A: Covering the blade leading edge, B: Covering the blade trailing edge). In every group, six shroud designs with… More >

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ARTICLE

Numerical Analyses of Idealized Total Cavopulmonary Connection Physiologies with Single and Bilateral Superior Vena Cava Assisted by an Axial Blood Pump
Xudong Liu¹, Yunhan Cai¹, Bing Jia², Shengzhang Wang^1,*, Guanghong Ding¹
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.116, No.2, pp. 215-228, 2018, DOI: 10.31614/cmes.2018.04158
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Innovations and Current Trends in Computational Cardiovascular Modeling: Molecular, Cellular, Tissue and Organ Biomechanics with Clinical Applications)
Abstract Our study evaluated the hemodynamic performance of an axial flow blood pump surgically implanted in idealized total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) models. This blood pump was designed to augment pressure from the inferior vena cava (IVC) to the pulmonary circulation. Two Fontan procedures with single and bilateral superior vena cava (SVC) were compared to fit the mechanical supported TCPC physiologies. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses of two Pump-TCPC models were performed in the analyses. Pressure-flow characteristics, energy efficiency, fluid streamlines, hemolysis and thrombosis analyses were implemented. Numerical simulations indicate that the pump produces pressure generations of 1 mm to 24 mm… More >

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ARTICLE

The Study of the Graft Hemodynamics with Different Instant Patency in Coronary Artery Bypassing Grafting
Zhou Zhao¹, Boyan Mao², Youjun Liu², Haisheng Yang², Yu Chen^1,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.116, No.2, pp. 229-245, 2018, DOI: 10.31614/cmes.2018.04192
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Innovations and Current Trends in Computational Cardiovascular Modeling: Molecular, Cellular, Tissue and Organ Biomechanics with Clinical Applications)
Abstract In coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), graft’s poor instant patency may lead to an abnormal hemodynamic environment in anastomosis, which could further cause graft failure after the surgery. This paper investigates the graft hemodynamics with different instant patency, and explores its effect on graft postoperative efficiency. Six CABG 0D/3D coupling multi-scale models which used left internal mammary artery (LIMA) and saphenous vein (SVG) as grafts were constructed. Different types of grafts were examined in the models, including normal grafts, grafts with competitive flow and grafts with anastomotic stenosis. Simulation results indicated that comparing with SVG grafts, there was a greater… More >

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ARTICLE

The Hemodynamic Comparative Study Between Pulsatile and Non-Pulsatile VA ECMO: A Primary Numerical Study
Qi Zhang¹, Bin Gao¹, Yue Shi¹, Chang Yu^1,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.116, No.2, pp. 247-262, 2018, DOI: 10.31614/cmes.2018.04082
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Innovations and Current Trends in Computational Cardiovascular Modeling: Molecular, Cellular, Tissue and Organ Biomechanics with Clinical Applications)
Abstract Although pulsatile ECMO, as novel kinds of ECMO, has been attracted more and more attention, the differences of the hemodynamic effects of the pulsatile ECMO on the aorta, the cerebral perfusion, and left ventricular work were still under-investigated. The aim of this study was to clarify the hemodynamic differences of the cardiovascular system between the pulsatile and non-pulsatile VA ECMO. In this study, three ECMO support modes, named as “constant flow mode”, “co-pulse mode” and “counter pulse mode”, were designed. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study was carried out. The distribution of the oxygenated blood, the blood velocity vector, the… More >

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Mechanical Strength and Structural Basis of β₂ Integrin to Mediate Neutrophil Accumulation on Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells: A Study Using Atomic Force Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Ning Li^{1, 2, 3}, Xiao Zhang^{1, 2}, Peiwen Li^{1, 2}, Hao Yang^{1, 2}, Chunfang Tong^{1, 2}, Shouqin Lü^{1, 2}, Yan Zhang^{1, 2}, Zhiyi Ye³, Jun Pan^{3, *}, Mian Long^{1, 2, *}
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.116, No.2, pp. 263-279, 2018, DOI:10.31614/cmes.2018.04079
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Innovations and Current Trends in Computational Cardiovascular Modeling: Molecular, Cellular, Tissue and Organ Biomechanics with Clinical Applications)
Abstract Neutrophil (PMN) accumulation on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) is crucial to pathogen clearance and tissue damage in the liver sinusoids and controlled by a series of adhesion molecules expressed on the surface of PMNs and LSECs. The role of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1) in this process is still contentious. Here we compared the dynamic force spectra of the binding of β2 integrin to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on LSECs using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and performed free and steered molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to analyze their structural bases of LFA-1- or Mac-1-I-domain and ICAM-1-D1 or… More >

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A Numerical Study of Passive Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis of Nanoparticles: The Effect of Mechanical Properties
Xinyue Liu¹, Yunqiao Liu¹, Xiaobo Gong^1,*, Huaxiong Huang²
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.116, No.2, pp. 281-300, 2018, DOI: 10.31614/cmes.2018.04989
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Innovations and Current Trends in Computational Cardiovascular Modeling: Molecular, Cellular, Tissue and Organ Biomechanics with Clinical Applications)
Abstract In this work, a three-dimensional axisymmetric model with nanoparticle, receptor-ligand bonds and cell membrane as a system was used to study the quasi-static receptor-mediated endocytosis process of spherical nanoparticles in drug delivery. The minimization of the system energy function was carried out numerically, and the deformations of nanoparticle, receptor-ligand bonds and cell membrane were predicted. Results show that passive endocytosis may fail due to the rupture of receptor-ligand bonds during the wrapping process, and the size and rigidity of nanoparticles affect the total deformation energy and the terminal wrapping stage. Our results suggest that, in addition to the energy requirement,… More >

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Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulation of Aqueous Outflow System in Response to Juxtacanalicular Meshwork Permeability Changes with a Two-Way Coupled Method
Jing Zhang^1,2,3, Xiuqing Qian^1,2, Haixia Zhang^1,2, Zhicheng Liu^1,2,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.116, No.2, pp. 301-314, 2018, DOI: 10.31614/cmes.2018.04239
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Innovations and Current Trends in Computational Cardiovascular Modeling: Molecular, Cellular, Tissue and Organ Biomechanics with Clinical Applications)
Abstract Elevated intraocular pressure appears to have a broader impact on increased resistance to aqueous humor outflow through the conventional aqueous outflow system (AOS). However, there is still no consensus about exact location of the increased outflow resistance of aqueous humor, and the mechanism is not perfect. In addition, it is difficult to accurately obtain hydrodynamic parameters of aqueous humor within the trabecular meshwork outflow pathways based on the current technology. In this paper, a two-way fluid-structure interaction simulation was performed to study the pressure difference and velocity in the superficial trabecular meshwork, juxtacanalicular meshwork (JCM) and Schlemm’s canal in response… More >

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A Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo on the Balance Function of the Inner Ear
Shen Yu¹, Jizhe Wang^2,*, Yan Guo^2,*, Xiuzhen Sun², Shuang Shen³
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.116, No.2, pp. 315-322, 2018, DOI: 10.31614/cmes.2018.04028
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Innovations and Current Trends in Computational Cardiovascular Modeling: Molecular, Cellular, Tissue and Organ Biomechanics with Clinical Applications)
Abstract A three-dimensional numerical model of the membranous labyrinth of the semicircular canal of the inner ear was established to investigate the effects of canalithiasis of BPPV on the balance function of the inner ear. The movement of otolith particles in the membranous labyrinth was simulated when a person turns his head to a specific position. The effects of otolith movements on the balance function of the inner ear were simulated for different numbers, diameters, and initial positions of otoliths. The simulation results show that the otolith diameter affects the movement duration of otoliths in the membranous labyrinth. The number and… More >

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