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Xingwang Li^1,2, Hua Pang¹, Geng Li^1,*, Junjie Jiang¹, Hui Zhang³, Changfei Gu⁴, Dong Yuan⁴
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1135-1166, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.031534
Abstract The development of the fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication systems has entered the commercialization stage. 5G has a high data rate, low latency, and high reliability that can meet the basic demands of most industries and daily life, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), intelligent transportation systems, positioning, and navigation. The continuous progress and development of society have aroused wide concern. Positioning accuracy is the core demand for the applications, especially in complex environments such as airports, warehouses, supermarkets, and basements. However, many factors also affect the accuracy of positioning in those environments, for example, multipath effects, non-line-of-sight, and clock… More >

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Samina Amin¹, Muhammad Ali Zeb¹, Hani Alshahrani^2,*, Mohammed Hamdi², Mohammad Alsulami², Asadullah Shaikh³
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1167-1202, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.043921
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Control Systems and Machine Learning for Intelligent Computing)
Abstract Social media (SM) based surveillance systems, combined with machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques, have shown potential for early detection of epidemic outbreaks. This review discusses the current state of SM-based surveillance methods for early epidemic outbreaks and the role of ML and DL in enhancing their performance. Since, every year, a large amount of data related to epidemic outbreaks, particularly Twitter data is generated by SM. This paper outlines the theme of SM analysis for tracking health-related issues and detecting epidemic outbreaks in SM, along with the ML and DL techniques that have been configured for the… More >

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Lalit Mohan Patnaik^1,5, Wenfeng Wang^2,3,4,5,6,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1203-1215, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.029451
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Federated Learning Algorithms, Approaches, and Systems for Internet of Things)
Abstract This article reviews the theory of fairness in AI–from machine learning to federated learning, where the constraints on precision AI fairness and perspective solutions are also discussed. For a reliable and quantitative evaluation of AI fairness, many associated concepts have been proposed, formulated and classified. However, the inexplicability of machine learning systems makes it almost impossible to include all necessary details in the modelling stage to ensure fairness. The privacy worries induce the data unfairness and hence, the biases in the datasets for evaluating AI fairness are unavoidable. The imbalance between algorithms’ utility and humanization has further reinforced such worries.… More >

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Zeshan Faiz¹, Iftikhar Ahmed¹, Dumitru Baleanu^2,3,4, Shumaila Javeed^1,5,6,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1217-1238, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.029879
Abstract The purpose of this research work is to investigate the numerical solutions of the fractional dengue transmission model (FDTM) in the presence of Wolbachia using the stochastic-based Levenberg-Marquardt neural network (LM-NN) technique. The fractional dengue transmission model (FDTM) consists of 12 compartments. The human population is divided into four compartments; susceptible humans (S_h), exposed humans (E_h), infectious humans (I_h), and recovered humans (R_h). Wolbachia-infected and Wolbachia-uninfected mosquito population is also divided into four compartments: aquatic (eggs, larvae, pupae), susceptible, exposed, and infectious. We investigated three different cases of vertical transmission probability (η), namely when Wolbachia-free mosquitoes persist only (η =… More >

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Yujie Duan¹, Jianguo Liang^1,*, Jianglin Liu¹, Haifeng Gao¹, Yinhui Li², Jinzhu Zhang¹, Xinyu Wen³
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1239-1261, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.044400
Abstract In the fiber winding process, strong disturbance, uncertainty, strong coupling, and fiber friction complicate the winding constant tension control. In order to effectively reduce the influence of these problems on the tension output, this paper proposed a tension fluctuation rejection strategy based on feedforward compensation. In addition to the bias harmonic curve of the unknown state, the tension fluctuation also contains the influence of bounded noise. A tension fluctuation observer (TFO) is designed to cancel the uncertain periodic signal, in which the frequency generator is used to estimate the critical parameter information. Then, the fluctuation signal is reconstructed by a… More >

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Xuechuan Wang¹, Wei He^1,*, Haoyang Feng¹, Satya N. Atluri²
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1263-1294, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.043068
Abstract Although predictor-corrector methods have been extensively applied, they might not meet the requirements of practical applications and engineering tasks, particularly when high accuracy and efficiency are necessary. A novel class of correctors based on feedback-accelerated Picard iteration (FAPI) is proposed to further enhance computational performance. With optimal feedback terms that do not require inversion of matrices, significantly faster convergence speed and higher numerical accuracy are achieved by these correctors compared with their counterparts; however, the computational complexities are comparably low. These advantages enable nonlinear engineering problems to be solved quickly and accurately, even with rough initial guesses from elementary predictors.… More >

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Xiaoge Wei^1,2,*, Yuming Zhang^1,2, Huaitao Song^1,2, Hengjie Qin^1,2, Guanjun Zhao³
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1295-1316, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.045096
Abstract Reducing casualties and property losses through effective evacuation route planning has been a key focus for researchers in recent years. As part of this effort, an enhanced sparrow search algorithm (MSSA) was proposed. Firstly, the Golden Sine algorithm and a nonlinear weight factor optimization strategy were added in the discoverer position update stage of the SSA algorithm. Secondly, the Cauchy-Gaussian perturbation was applied to the optimal position of the SSA algorithm to improve its ability to jump out of local optima. Finally, the local search mechanism based on the mountain climbing method was incorporated into the local search stage of… More >

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Chein-Shan Liu¹, Jian-Hung Shen², Chung-Lun Kuo¹, Yung-Wei Chen^2,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1317-1335, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.030618
Abstract This study sets up two new merit functions, which are minimized for the detection of real eigenvalue and complex eigenvalue to address nonlinear eigenvalue problems. For each eigen-parameter the vector variable is solved from a nonhomogeneous linear system obtained by reducing the number of eigen-equation one less, where one of the nonzero components of the eigenvector is normalized to the unit and moves the column containing that component to the right-hand side as a nonzero input vector. 1D and 2D golden section search algorithms are employed to minimize the merit functions to locate real and complex eigenvalues. Simultaneously, the real… More >

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Qianqian Shao¹, Min Wang^2,*, Nuo Xu¹
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1337-1356, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.044313
Abstract To investigate the influences of co-flow and counter-flow modes of reactant flow arrangement on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) during start-up, unsteady physical and mathematical models fully coupling the flow, heat, and electrochemical reactions in a PEMFC are established. The continuity equation and momentum equation are solved by handling pressure-velocity coupling using the SIMPLE algorithm. The electrochemical reaction rates in the catalyst layers (CLs) of the cathode and anode are calculated using the Butler-Volmer equation. The multiphase mixture model describes the multiphase transport process of gas mixtures and liquid water in the fuel cell. After validation, the influences… More >

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Zhiwei Lin¹, Hui Wang^1,*, Tianding Chen¹, Yingtao Jiang², Jianmei Jiang³, Yingpin Chen¹
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1357-1379, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.045990
Abstract In the domain of autonomous industrial manipulators, precise positioning and appropriate posture selection in path planning are pivotal for tasks involving obstacle avoidance, such as handling, heat sealing, and stacking. While Multi-Degree-of-Freedom (MDOF) manipulators offer kinematic redundancy, aiding in the derivation of optimal inverse kinematic solutions to meet position and posture requisites, their path planning entails intricate multi-objective optimization, encompassing path, posture, and joint motion optimization. Achieving satisfactory results in practical scenarios remains challenging. In response, this study introduces a novel Reverse Path Planning (RPP) methodology tailored for industrial manipulators. The approach commences by conceptualizing the manipulator’s end-effector as an… More >

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Peng Qiao¹, Shuangshuang Lan^1,*, Hongbiao Gu², Zhengtan Mao¹
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1381-1399, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.045662
Abstract Based on global initiatives such as the clean energy transition and the development of renewable energy, the pumped storage power station has become a new and significant way of energy storage and regulation, and its construction environment is more complex than that of a traditional reservoir. In particular, the stability of the rock strata in the underground reservoirs is affected by the seepage pressure and rock stress, which presents some challenges in achieving engineering safety and stability. Using the advantages of the numerical simulation method in dealing deal with nonlinear problems in engineering stability, in this study, the stability of… More >

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Bingzhu Wang^1,*, Xiangrui Ye^2,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1401-1425, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.047364
Abstract A novel three-dimensional-fiber reinforced soft pneumatic actuator (3D-FRSPA) inspired by crab claw and human hand structure that can bend and deform independently in each segment is proposed. It has an omni-directional bending configuration, and the fibers twined symmetrically on both sides to improve the bending performance of FRSPA. In this paper, the static and kinematic analysis of 3D-FRSPA are carried out in detail. The effects of fiber, pneumatic chamber and segment length, and circular air chamber radius of 3D-FRSPA on the mechanical performance of the actuator are discussed, respectively. The soft mobile robot composed of 3D-FRSPA has the ability to… More >

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Wei Zhong¹, Zhenfang Xin², Lihua Wang^1,*, Haiping Liu²
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1427-1453, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.031271
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advanced Computational Methods in Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer)
Abstract Flash boiling atomization (FBA) is a promising approach for enhancing spray atomization, which can generate a fine and more evenly distributed spray by increasing the fuel injection temperature or reducing the ambient pressure. However, when the outlet speed of the nozzle exceeds 400 m/s, investigating high-speed flash boiling atomization (HFBA) becomes quite challenging. This difficulty arises from the involvement of many complex physical processes and the requirement for a very fine mesh in numerical simulations. In this study, an HFBA model for gasoline direct injection (GDI) is established. This model incorporates primary and secondary atomization, as well as vaporization and… More >

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Kolli Ramujee^1,*, Pooja Sadula¹, Golla Madhu², Sandeep Kautish³, Abdulaziz S. Almazyad⁴, Guojiang Xiong⁵, Ali Wagdy Mohamed^6,7,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1455-1486, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.043384
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: AI-Driven Engineering Applications)
Abstract Geopolymer concrete emerges as a promising avenue for sustainable development and offers an effective solution to environmental problems. Its attributes as a non-toxic, low-carbon, and economical substitute for conventional cement concrete, coupled with its elevated compressive strength and reduced shrinkage properties, position it as a pivotal material for diverse applications spanning from architectural structures to transportation infrastructure. In this context, this study sets out the task of using machine learning (ML) algorithms to increase the accuracy and interpretability of predicting the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete in the civil engineering field. To achieve this goal, a new approach using convolutional… More >

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Dinesh Mavaluru^1,*, Chettupally Anil Carie², Ahmed I. Alutaibi³, Satish Anamalamudi², Bayapa Reddy Narapureddy⁴, Murali Krishna Enduri², Md Ezaz Ahmed¹
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1487-1503, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.045277
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Smart and Secure Solutions for Medical Industry)
Abstract In this paper, we present a comprehensive system model for Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) networks empowered by Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) and Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) technologies. The network comprises essential components such as base stations, edge servers, and numerous IIoT devices characterized by limited energy and computing capacities. The central challenge addressed is the optimization of resource allocation and task distribution while adhering to stringent queueing delay constraints and minimizing overall energy consumption. The system operates in discrete time slots and employs a quasi-static approach, with a specific focus on the complexities of task partitioning and the management… More >

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Afraz Hussain Majeed¹, Rashid Mahmood², Sayed M. Eldin³, Imran Saddique^4,5,*, S. Saleem⁶, Muhammad Jawad⁷
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1505-1519, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.030255
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Numerical Modeling and Simulations on Non-Newtonian Flow Problems)
Abstract This study explains the entropy process of natural convective heating in the nanofluid-saturated cavity in a heated fin and magnetic field. The temperature is constant on the Y-shaped fin, insulating the top wall while the remaining walls remain cold. All walls are subject to impermeability and non-slip conditions. The mathematical modeling of the problem is demonstrated by the continuity, momentum, and energy equations incorporating the inclined magnetic field. For elucidating the flow characteristics Finite Element Method (FEM) is implemented using stable FE pair. A hybrid fine mesh is used for discretizing the domain. Velocity and thermal plots concerning parameters are… More >

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Abidhan Bardhan^1,*, Raushan Kumar Singh², Mohammed Alatiyyah³, Sulaiman Abdullah Alateyah^4,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1521-1555, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.044467
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Meta-heuristic Algorithms in Materials Science and Engineering)
Abstract This research proposes a highly effective soft computing paradigm for estimating the compressive strength (CS) of metakaolin-contained cemented materials. The proposed approach is a combination of an enhanced grey wolf optimizer (EGWO) and an extreme learning machine (ELM). EGWO is an augmented form of the classic grey wolf optimizer (GWO). Compared to standard GWO, EGWO has a better hunting mechanism and produces an optimal performance. The EGWO was used to optimize the ELM structure and a hybrid model, ELM-EGWO, was built. To train and validate the proposed ELM-EGWO model, a sum of 361 experimental results featuring five influencing factors was… More >

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Zhou Ji¹, Mengmeng Zhou², Qiang Wang², Jiandong Huang^3,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1557-1582, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.046025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Meta-heuristic Algorithms in Materials Science and Engineering)
Abstract To improve the prediction accuracy of the International Roughness Index (IRI) of Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements (JPCP) and Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavements (CRCP), a machine learning approach is developed in this study for the modelling, combining an improved Beetle Antennae Search (MBAS) algorithm and Random Forest (RF) model. The 10-fold cross-validation was applied to verify the reliability and accuracy of the model proposed in this study. The importance scores of all input variables on the IRI of JPCP and CRCP were analysed as well. The results by the comparative analysis showed the prediction accuracy of the IRI of the newly… More >

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Sergiy Reutskiy¹, Yuhui Zhang^2,*, Jun Lu^3,*, Ciren Pubu⁴
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1583-1612, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.044878
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: New Trends on Meshless Method and Numerical Analysis)
Abstract This paper presents an efficient numerical technique for solving multi-term linear systems of fractional ordinary differential equations (FODEs) which have been widely used in modeling various phenomena in engineering and science. An approximate solution of the system is sought in the form of the finite series over the Müntz polynomials. By using the collocation procedure in the time interval, one gets the linear algebraic system for the coefficient of the expansion which can be easily solved numerically by a standard procedure. This technique also serves as the basis for solving the time-fractional partial differential equations (PDEs). The modified radial basis… More >

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Jingyu Zhang^1,2, Pian Zhou¹, Jin Wang¹, Osama Alfarraj³, Saurabh Singh⁴, Min Zhu^5,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1613-1633, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.044418
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Information Security and Trust Issues in the Digital World)
Abstract Blockchain can realize the reliable storage of a large amount of data that is chronologically related and verifiable within the system. This technology has been widely used and has developed rapidly in big data systems across various fields. An increasing number of users are participating in application systems that use blockchain as their underlying architecture. As the number of transactions and the capital involved in blockchain grow, ensuring information security becomes imperative. Addressing the verification of transactional information security and privacy has emerged as a critical challenge. Blockchain-based verification methods can effectively eliminate the need for centralized third-party organizations. However,… More >

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Shahad Alzahrani¹, Hatim Alsuwat², Emad Alsuwat^3,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1635-1654, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.044718
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Information Security and Trust Issues in the Digital World)
Abstract Bayesian networks are a powerful class of graphical decision models used to represent causal relationships among variables. However, the reliability and integrity of learned Bayesian network models are highly dependent on the quality of incoming data streams. One of the primary challenges with Bayesian networks is their vulnerability to adversarial data poisoning attacks, wherein malicious data is injected into the training dataset to negatively influence the Bayesian network models and impair their performance. In this research paper, we propose an efficient framework for detecting data poisoning attacks against Bayesian network structure learning algorithms. Our framework utilizes latent variables to quantify… More >

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Peilei Yan^1,2,*, Endong Guo^1,2, Houli Wu^1,2, Liangchao Zhang^1,2
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1655-1678, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.044760
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Advances in Computational Methods for Performance Assessment of Engineering Structures and Materials against Dynamic Loadings)
Abstract A coupled numerical calculation method combining smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and the finite element method (FEM) was implemented to investigate the seismic response of horizontal storage tanks. A numerical model of a horizontal storage tank featuring a free liquid surface under seismic action was constructed using the SPH–FEM coupling method. The stored liquid was discretized using SPH particles, while the tank and supports were discretized using the FEM. The interaction between the stored liquid and the tank was simulated by using the meshless particle contact method. Then, the numerical simulation results were compared and analyzed against seismic simulation shaking table… More >

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Yu Huang¹, Beilei Liu¹, Dianlei Feng^2,*, Hao Shi¹
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1679-1699, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.044094
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Advances in Computational Methods for Performance Assessment of Engineering Structures and Materials against Dynamic Loadings)
Abstract Rigid barrier deflectors can effectively prevent overspilling landslides, and can satisfy disaster prevention requirements. However, the mechanisms of interaction between natural granular flow and rigid barrier deflectors require further investigation. To date, few studies have investigated the impact of deflectors on controlling viscous debris flows for geological disaster prevention. To investigate the effect of rigid barrier deflectors on impact mechanisms, a numerical model using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method with the Herschel–Bulkley model is proposed to simulate the interaction between natural viscous flow and single/dual barriers with and without deflectors. This model was validated using laboratory flume test data… More >

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Lanze Zhang, Yijun Gu^*, Jingjie Peng
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1701-1731, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.045129
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Machine Learning-Guided Intelligent Modeling with Its Industrial Applications)
Abstract Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) play a significant role in tasks related to homophilic graphs. Traditional GNNs, based on the assumption of homophily, employ low-pass filters for neighboring nodes to achieve information aggregation and embedding. However, in heterophilic graphs, nodes from different categories often establish connections, while nodes of the same category are located further apart in the graph topology. This characteristic poses challenges to traditional GNNs, leading to issues of “distant node modeling deficiency” and “failure of the homophily assumption”. In response, this paper introduces the Spatial-Frequency domain Adaptive Heterophilic Graph Neural Networks (SFA-HGNN), which integrates adaptive embedding mechanisms for… More >

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Qianqi Sun, Fenhua Bai^*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1733-1754, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.044558
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: The Bottleneck of Blockchain Techniques: Scalability, Security and Privacy Protection)
Abstract Blockchain technology has witnessed a burgeoning integration into diverse realms of economic and societal development. Nevertheless, scalability challenges, characterized by diminished broadcast efficiency, heightened communication overhead, and escalated storage costs, have significantly constrained the broad-scale application of blockchain. This paper introduces a novel Encode-and CRT-based Scalability Scheme (ECSS), meticulously refined to enhance both block broadcasting and storage. Primarily, ECSS categorizes nodes into distinct domains, thereby reducing the network diameter and augmenting transmission efficiency. Secondly, ECSS streamlines block transmission through a compact block protocol and robust RS coding, which not only reduces the size of broadcasted blocks but also ensures transmission… More >

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Jinyu Chen¹, Long Shi^1,*, Qisheng Huang², Taotao Wang³, Daojing He⁴
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1755-1773, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.046826
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: The Bottleneck of Blockchain Techniques: Scalability, Security and Privacy Protection)
Abstract In permissioned blockchain networks, the Proof of Authority (PoA) consensus, which uses the election of authorized nodes to validate transactions and blocks, has been widely advocated thanks to its high transaction throughput and fault tolerance. However, PoA suffers from the drawback of centralization dominated by a limited number of authorized nodes and the lack of anonymity due to the round-robin block proposal mechanism. As a result, traditional PoA is vulnerable to a single point of failure that compromises the security of the blockchain network. To address these issues, we propose a novel decentralized reputation management mechanism for permissioned blockchain networks… More >

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Xiaoyi Wang¹, Xinyue Chang², Wenxuan Wang^1,*, Zijie Qiao³, Feng Zhang^3,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1775-1796, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.043913
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Computer-Aided Uncertainty Modeling and Reliability Evaluation for Complex Engineering Structures)
Abstract The objective of reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) is to minimize the optimization objective while satisfying the corresponding reliability requirements. However, the nested loop characteristic reduces the efficiency of RBDO algorithm, which hinders their application to high-dimensional engineering problems. To address these issues, this paper proposes an efficient decoupled RBDO method combining high dimensional model representation (HDMR) and the weight-point estimation method (WPEM). First, we decouple the RBDO model using HDMR and WPEM. Second, Lagrange interpolation is used to approximate a univariate function. Finally, based on the results of the first two steps, the original nested loop reliability optimization model is… More >

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Qing Ai^1,2, Hao Tian^2,3,*, Hui Wang^1,*, Qing Lang¹, Xingchun Huang¹, Xinghong Jiang⁴, Qiang Jing⁵
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1797-1827, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.045251
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Computer-Aided Uncertainty Modeling and Reliability Evaluation for Complex Engineering Structures)
Abstract Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems have become a crucial tool for the operational management of long tunnels. For immersed tunnels exposed to both traffic loads and the effects of the marine environment, efficiently identifying abnormal conditions from the extensive unannotated SHM data presents a significant challenge. This study proposed a model-based approach for anomaly detection and conducted validation and comparative analysis of two distinct temporal predictive models using SHM data from a real immersed tunnel. Firstly, a dynamic predictive model-based anomaly detection method is proposed, which utilizes a rolling time window for modeling to achieve dynamic prediction. Leveraging the assumption… More >

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Rana Muhammad Zulqarnain¹, Wen-Xiu Ma^1,2,3,*, Imran Siddique⁴, Hijaz Ahmad^5,6, Sameh Askar⁷
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1829-1862, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.030687
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Ambient Intelligence and Social Computing under uncertainty and indeterminacy: From Theory to Applications)
Abstract Green supplier selection is an important debate in green supply chain management (GSCM), attracting global attention from scholars, especially companies and policymakers. Companies frequently search for new ideas and strategies to assist them in realizing sustainable development. Because of the speculative character of human opinions, supplier selection frequently includes unreliable data, and the interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy soft set (IVPFSS) provides an exceptional capacity to cope with excessive fuzziness, inconsistency, and inexactness through the decision-making procedure. The main goal of this study is to come up with new operational laws for interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy soft numbers (IVPFSNs) and create two interaction… More >

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Rana Muhammad Zulqarnain¹, Hafiz Khalil ur Rehman², Imran Siddique³, Hijaz Ahmad^4,5, Sameh Askar⁶, Shahid Hussain Gurmani^1,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1863-1892, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.031480
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Ambient Intelligence and Social Computing under uncertainty and indeterminacy: From Theory to Applications)
Abstract This research is devoted to diagnosing water-borne infectious diseases caused by floods employing a novel diagnosis approach, the Einstein hybrid structure of q-rung orthopair fuzzy soft set. This approach integrates parts of fuzzy logic and soft set theory to develop a robust alternative for disease detection in stressful situations, especially in areas affected by floods. Compared to the traditional intuitionistic fuzzy soft set and Pythagorean fuzzy soft set, the q-rung orthopair fuzzy soft set (q-ROFSS) adequately incorporates unclear and indeterminate facts. The major objective of this investigation is to formulate the q-rung orthopair fuzzy soft Einstein hybrid weighted average (q-ROFSEHWA)… More >

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Nadeem Salamat¹, Muhammad Kamran^1,2,*, Shahzaib Ashraf¹, Manal Elzain Mohammed Abdulla³, Rashad Ismail³, Mohammed M. Al-Shamiri³
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1893-1933, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.044697
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Ambient Intelligence and Social Computing under uncertainty and indeterminacy: From Theory to Applications)
Abstract The main goal of informal computing is to overcome the limitations of hypersensitivity to defects and uncertainty while maintaining a balance between high accuracy, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness. This paper investigates the potential applications of intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFS) with rough sets in the context of sparse data. When it comes to capture uncertain information emanating from both upper and lower approximations, these intuitionistic fuzzy rough numbers (IFRNs) are superior to intuitionistic fuzzy sets and pythagorean fuzzy sets, respectively. We use rough sets in conjunction with IFSs to develop several fairly aggregation operators and analyze their underlying properties. We present numerous… More >

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Yu Cheng^1,2,5, Yajun Huang³, Shuai Li⁴, Zhongbin Zhou⁵, Xiaohui Yuan^1,2,*, Yanming Xu^5,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1935-1960, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.045668
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Structural Design and Optimization)
Abstract A new approach for flexoelectric material shape optimization is proposed in this study. In this work, a proxy model based on artificial neural network (ANN) is used to solve the parameter optimization and shape optimization problems. To improve the fitting ability of the neural network, we use the idea of pre-training to determine the structure of the neural network and combine different optimizers for training. The isogeometric analysis-finite element method (IGA-FEM) is used to discretize the flexural theoretical formulas and obtain samples, which helps ANN to build a proxy model from the model shape to the target value. The effectiveness… More >

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Yanhui Zhang¹, Lianhua Ma¹, Hailiang Su^1,2,3,*, Jirong Qin², Zhining Chen², Kaibiao Deng¹
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1961-1980, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.045570
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Structural Design and Optimization)
Abstract In this paper, to present a lightweight-developed front underrun protection device (FUPD) for heavy-duty trucks, plain weave carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is used instead of the original high-strength steel. First, the mechanical and structural properties of plain carbon fiber composite anti-collision beams are comparatively analyzed from a multi-scale perspective. For studying the design capability of carbon fiber composite materials, we investigate the effects of TC-33 carbon fiber diameter (D), fiber yarn width (W) and height (H), and fiber yarn density (N) on the front underrun protective beam of carbon fiber composite materials. Based on the investigation, a material-structure matching… More >

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Fangyi Li^*, Dachang Zhu^*, Huimin Shi
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1981-1999, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.031332
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Structural Design and Optimization)
Abstract In time-variant reliability problems, there are a lot of uncertain variables from different sources. Therefore, it is important to consider these uncertainties in engineering. In addition, time-variant reliability problems typically involve a complex multilevel nested optimization problem, which can result in an enormous amount of computation. To this end, this paper studies the time-variant reliability evaluation of structures with stochastic and bounded uncertainties using a mixed probability and convex set model. In this method, the stochastic process of a limit-state function with mixed uncertain parameters is first discretized and then converted into a time-independent reliability problem. Further, to solve the… More >

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Weida Wu, Yiqiang Wang, Zhonghao Gao, Pai Liu^*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 2001-2026, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.046670
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Structural Design and Optimization)
Abstract Negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) metamaterials are attractive for their unique mechanical behaviors and potential applications in deformation control and energy absorption. However, when subjected to significant stretching, NPR metamaterials designed under small strain assumption may experience a rapid degradation in NPR performance. To address this issue, this study aims to design metamaterials maintaining a targeted NPR under large deformation by taking advantage of the geometry nonlinearity mechanism. A representative periodic unit cell is modeled considering geometry nonlinearity, and its topology is designed using a gradient-free method. The unit cell microstructural topologies are described with the material-field series-expansion (MFSE) method. The… More >

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Deyong Shang^1,2, Xi Zhang¹, Fengqi Liang¹, Chunde Zhai¹, Hang Yang¹, Yanqi Niu^1,2,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 2027-2041, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.045750
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Structural Design and Optimization)
Abstract When the amphibious vehicle navigates in water, the angle of the anti-wave plate and the position of the center of gravity greatly influence the navigation characteristics. In the relevant research on reducing the navigation resistance of amphibious vehicles by adjusting the angle of the anti-wave plate, there is a lack of scientific selection of parameters and reasonable research of simulation results by using mathematical methods, and the influence of the center of gravity position on navigation characteristics is not considered at the same time. To study the influence of the combinations of the angle of the anti-wave plate and the… More >

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Dongyang Ou, Yongjian Ren, Congfeng Jiang^*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 2043-2067, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.029987
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Machine Learning Empowered Distributed Computing: Advance in Architecture, Theory and Practice)
Abstract Cloud service providers generally co-locate online services and batch jobs onto the same computer cluster, where the resources can be pooled in order to maximize data center resource utilization. Due to resource competition between batch jobs and online services, co-location frequently impairs the performance of online services. This study presents a quality of service (QoS) prediction-based scheduling model (QPSM) for co-located workloads. The performance prediction of QPSM consists of two parts: the prediction of an online service’s QoS anomaly based on XGBoost and the prediction of the completion time of an offline batch job based on random forest. On-line service… More >

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Wei Zhou¹, Xincong Jiang^2,*, Chuan Qin²
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 2069-2093, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.043248
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Machine Learning Empowered Distributed Computing: Advance in Architecture, Theory and Practice)
Abstract Edge devices, due to their limited computational and storage resources, often require the use of compilers for program optimization. Therefore, ensuring the security and reliability of these compilers is of paramount importance in the emerging field of edge AI. One widely used testing method for this purpose is fuzz testing, which detects bugs by inputting random test cases into the target program. However, this process consumes significant time and resources. To improve the efficiency of compiler fuzz testing, it is common practice to utilize test case prioritization techniques. Some researchers use machine learning to predict the code coverage of test… More >

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Fengyong Li^1,*, Weicheng Shen¹, Zhongqin Bi¹, Xiangjing Su²
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 2095-2115, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.044431
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Machine Learning Empowered Distributed Computing: Advance in Architecture, Theory and Practice)
Abstract False data injection attack (FDIA) is an attack that affects the stability of grid cyber-physical system (GCPS) by evading the detecting mechanism of bad data. Existing FDIA detection methods usually employ complex neural network models to detect FDIA attacks. However, they overlook the fact that FDIA attack samples at public-private network edges are extremely sparse, making it difficult for neural network models to obtain sufficient samples to construct a robust detection model. To address this problem, this paper designs an efficient sample generative adversarial model of FDIA attack in public-private network edge, which can effectively bypass the detection model to… More >

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Ahmed Barnawi^1,*, Krishan Kumar², Neeraj Kumar¹, Bander Alzahrani¹, Amal Almansour¹
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 2117-2137, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.044184
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Machine Learning Empowered Distributed Computing: Advance in Architecture, Theory and Practice)
Abstract Landmines continue to pose an ongoing threat in various regions around the world, with countless buried landmines affecting numerous human lives. The detonation of these landmines results in thousands of casualties reported worldwide annually. Therefore, there is a pressing need to employ diverse landmine detection techniques for their removal. One effective approach for landmine detection is UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) based Airborne Magnetometry, which identifies magnetic anomalies in the local terrestrial magnetic field. It can generate a contour plot or heat map that visually represents the magnetic field strength. Despite the effectiveness of this approach, landmine removal remains a challenging… More >

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Tianming Zhang¹, Zebin Chen¹, Haonan Guo², Bojun Ren¹, Quanmin Xie^3,*, Mengke Tian^4,*, Yong Wang⁴
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 2139-2154, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.043822
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Machine Learning Empowered Distributed Computing: Advance in Architecture, Theory and Practice)
Abstract The data analysis of blasting sites has always been the research goal of relevant researchers. The rise of mobile blasting robots has aroused many researchers’ interest in machine learning methods for target detection in the field of blasting. Serverless Computing can provide a variety of computing services for people without hardware foundations and rich software development experience, which has aroused people’s interest in how to use it in the field of machine learning. In this paper, we design a distributed machine learning training application based on the AWS Lambda platform. Based on data parallelism, the data aggregation and training synchronization… More >

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Deng Qin¹, Xing Du², Tian Li^1,*, Jiye Zhang¹
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 2155-2173, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.044460
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Computer Modeling in Vehicle Aerodynamics)
Abstract Reducing the aerodynamic drag and noise levels of high-speed pantographs is important for promoting environmentally friendly, energy efficient and rapid advances in train technology. Using computational fluid dynamics theory and the K-FWH acoustic equation, a numerical simulation is conducted to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed pantographs. A component optimization method is proposed as a possible solution to the problem of aerodynamic drag and noise in high-speed pantographs. The results of the study indicate that the panhead, base and insulator are the main contributors to aerodynamic drag and noise in high-speed pantographs. Therefore, a gradual optimization process is implemented to… More >

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Jiawei Shi, Jiye Zhang^*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 2175-2195, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.043539
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Computer Modeling in Vehicle Aerodynamics)
Abstract Combining the detached eddy simulation (DES) method and Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation, the effect of bogie cavity end wall inclination on the flow field and aerodynamic noise in the bogie region is numerically studied. First, the simulation is conducted based on a simplified cavity-bogie model, including five cases with different inclination angles of the front and rear walls of the cavity. By comparing and analyzing the flow field and acoustic results of the five cases, the influence of the regularity and mechanism of the bogie cavity end wall inclination on the flow field and the aerodynamic noise of the bogie… More >

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Duong Q. Nguyen¹, Thinh D. Le³, Phuong D. Nguyen³, Nga T. K. Le², H. Nguyen-Xuan^3,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 2197-2214, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.043992
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Data-driven Additive Manufacturing: Methodology, Fabrication, and Applications )
Abstract Facial wound segmentation plays a crucial role in preoperative planning and optimizing patient outcomes in various medical applications. In this paper, we propose an efficient approach for automating 3D facial wound segmentation using a two-stream graph convolutional network. Our method leverages the Cir3D-FaIR dataset and addresses the challenge of data imbalance through extensive experimentation with different loss functions. To achieve accurate segmentation, we conducted thorough experiments and selected a high-performing model from the trained models. The selected model demonstrates exceptional segmentation performance for complex 3D facial wounds. Furthermore, based on the segmentation model, we propose an improved approach for extracting… More >

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Zediao Chen, Feng Liu^*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 2215-2236, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.046618
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Computational Design and Modeling of Advanced Composites and Structures)
Abstract Crack propagation in brittle material is not only crucial for structural safety evaluation, but also has a wide-ranging impact on material design, damage assessment, resource extraction, and scientific research. A thorough investigation into the behavior of crack propagation contributes to a better understanding and control of the properties of brittle materials, thereby enhancing the reliability and safety of both materials and structures. As an implicit discrete element method, the Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA) has gained significant attention for its developments and applications in recent years. Among these developments, the particle DDA equipped with the bonded particle model is a powerful… More >

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Yurong Luo, Wei You^*, Chao Shang, Xiongpeng Ren, Jin Cao, Hui Li
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 2237-2260, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.045679
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Privacy-Preserving Technologies for Large-scale Artificial Intelligence)
Abstract The dynamic landscape of the Internet of Things (IoT) is set to revolutionize the pace of interaction among entities, ushering in a proliferation of applications characterized by heightened quality and diversity. Among the pivotal applications within the realm of IoT, as a significant example, the Smart Grid (SG) evolves into intricate networks of energy deployment marked by data integration. This evolution concurrently entails data interchange with other IoT entities. However, there are also several challenges including data-sharing overheads and the intricate establishment of trusted centers in the IoT ecosystem. In this paper, we introduce a hierarchical secure data-sharing platform empowered… More >

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