Open Access

EDITORIAL

Yu-Dong Zhang^1,*, Zhengchao Dong², Juan Manuel Gorriz^3,4, Carlo Cattani⁵, Ming Yang⁶
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.128, No.2, pp. 399-401, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.017472
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Recent Advances on Deep Learning for Medical Signal Analysis (RADLMSA))
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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Zhongqin Bi¹, Shiyang Wang¹, Yan Chen^2,*, Yongbin Li¹, Jung Yoon Kim^3,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.128, No.2, pp. 403-426, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.016729
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Innovation and Application of Intelligent Processing of Data, Information and Knowledge in E-Commerce)
Abstract With the continuous improvement of the e-commerce ecosystem and the rapid growth of e-commerce data, in the context of the e-commerce ecosystem, consumers ask hundreds of millions of questions every day. In order to improve the timeliness of customer service responses, many systems have begun to use customer service robots to respond to consumer questions, but the current customer service robots tend to respond to specific questions. For many questions that lack background knowledge, they can generate only responses that are biased towards generality and repetitiveness. To better promote the understanding of dialogue and generate more meaningful responses, this paper… More >

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Juhong Tie^1,2,*, Hui Peng², Jiliu Zhou^1,3,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.128, No.2, pp. 427-445, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.014107
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Recent Advances on Deep Learning for Medical Signal Analysis (RADLMSA))
Abstract The main task of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) automatic brain tumor segmentation is to automatically segment the brain tumor edema, peritumoral edema, endoscopic core, enhancing tumor core and nonenhancing tumor core from 3D MR images. Because the location, size, shape and intensity of brain tumors vary greatly, it is very difficult to segment these brain tumor regions automatically. In this paper, by combining the advantages of DenseNet and ResNet, we proposed a new 3D U-Net with dense encoder blocks and residual decoder blocks. We used dense blocks in the encoder part and residual blocks in the decoder part. The number… More >

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REVIEW

Karpagam Sundararajan¹, Lalit Garg^2,*, Kathiravan Srinivasan^4,*, Ali Kashif Bashir³, Jayakumar Kaliappan⁴, Ganapathy Pattukandan Ganapathy⁵, Senthil Kumaran Selvaraj⁶, T. Meena⁷
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.128, No.2, pp. 447-487, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.015528
Abstract Drought is the least understood natural disaster due to the complex relationship of multiple contributory factors. Its beginning and end are hard to gauge, and they can last for months or even for years. India has faced many droughts in the last few decades. Predicting future droughts is vital for framing drought management plans to sustain natural resources. The data-driven modelling for forecasting the metrological time series prediction is becoming more powerful and flexible with computational intelligence techniques. Machine learning (ML) techniques have demonstrated success in the drought prediction process and are becoming popular to predict the weather, especially the… More >

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REVIEW

Shuxuan Xie, Zengchen Yu, Zhihan Lv^*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.128, No.2, pp. 489-522, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.016728
Abstract In recent years, the development of artificial intelligence (AI) and the gradual beginning of AI’s research in the medical field have allowed people to see the excellent prospects of the integration of AI and healthcare. Among them, the hot deep learning field has shown greater potential in applications such as disease prediction and drug response prediction. From the initial logistic regression model to the machine learning model, and then to the deep learning model today, the accuracy of medical disease prediction has been continuously improved, and the performance in all aspects has also been significantly improved. This article introduces some… More >

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ARTICLE

Baoshou Liu^1,2, Xiaolei Yan¹, Yangfan Li³, Shiwei Zhou⁴, Xiaodong Huang^3,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.128, No.2, pp. 523-540, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.017211
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Novel Methods of Topology Optimization and Engineering Applications)
Abstract This paper proposes a new element-based multi-material topology optimization algorithm using a single variable for minimizing compliance subject to a mass constraint. A single variable based on the normalized elemental density is used to overcome the occurrence of meaningless design variables and save computational cost. Different from the traditional material penalization scheme, the algorithm is established on the ordered ersatz material model, which linearly interpolates Young's modulus for relaxed design variables. To achieve a multi-material design, the multiple floating projection constraints are adopted to gradually push elemental design variables to multiple discrete values. For the convergent element-based solution, the multiple… More >

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1404

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Jiaxiu Dong^1,2,3, Jianhua Liu⁴, Niannian Wang^1,2,3,*, Hongyuan Fang^1,2,3, Jinping Zhang¹, Haobang Hu^1,2,3, Duo Ma^1,2,3
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.128, No.2, pp. 541-564, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.015875
Abstract Nowadays, asphalt road has dominated highways around the world. Among various defects of asphalt road, cracks have been paid more attention, since cracks often cause major engineering and personnel safety incidents. Current manual crack inspection methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and most segmentation methods cannot detect cracks at the pixel level. This paper proposes an intelligent segmentation and measurement model based on the modified Mask R-CNN algorithm to automatically and accurately detect asphalt road cracks. The model proposed in this paper mainly includes a convolutional neural network (CNN), an optimized region proposal network (RPN), a region of interest (RoI) Align… More >

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1213

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Buyu Jia, Siyi Mao, Quansheng Yan, Xiaolin Yu^*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.128, No.2, pp. 565-582, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.015183
Abstract Research on the lateral vibrational stability of footbridges has attracted increasing attention in recent years. However, this stability contains a series of complex mechanisms, such as nonlinear vibration, random excitation, and random stability. The Lyapunov method is regarded as an effective tool for analyzing random vibrational stability; however, it is a qualitative method and can only provide a binary judgment for stability. This study proposes a new method, IEVIE–SA, which combines the energy method based on the comparison between the input energy and the variation of intrinsic energy (IEVIE) and the stochastic averaging (SA) method. The improved Nakamura model was… More >

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826

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W. M. Faizal^1,2, N. N. N. Ghazali^2,*, C. Y. Khor¹, M. Z. Zainon², Irfan Anjum Badruddin^3,4,*, Sarfaraz Kamangar⁴, Norliza Binti Ibrahim⁵, Roziana Mohd Razi⁶
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.128, No.2, pp. 583-604, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.015549
Abstract Background: Obstructive sleep apnea is a sleeping disorder that has troubled a sizeable population. There is an active area of research on obstructive sleep apnea that intends to better understand airflow behaviors and therefore treat patients more effectively. This paper aims to investigate the airflow characteristics of the upper airway in an obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patient under light and heavy breathing conditions by using Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE), an accurate method in expressing the flow concentration mechanisms of sleeping disorders. It is important to visualize the concentration of flow in the upper airway in order to identify the severity… More >

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1128

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Haiquan Li¹, Qinghui Zhang^2,*, Xiaoqian Chen³
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.128, No.2, pp. 605-621, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.015747
Abstract Flight load computations (FLC) are generally expensive and time-consuming. This paper studies deep learning (DL)-based surrogate models of FLC to provide a reliable basis for the strength design of aircraft structures. We mainly analyze the influence of Mach number, overload, angle of attack, elevator deflection, altitude, and other factors on the loads of key monitoring components, based on which input and output variables are set. The data used to train and validate the DL surrogate models are derived using aircraft flight load simulation results based on wind tunnel test data. According to the FLC features, a deep neural network (DNN)… More >

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1027

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ARTICLE

Wanxia Yang^*, Miaoqi Li, Beibei Zhou, Yan Liu, Kenan Liu, Zhiyu Hu
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.128, No.2, pp. 623-637, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.015629
Abstract To address the difficulty of detecting low embedding rate and high-concealment CNV-QIM (complementary neighbor vertices-quantization index modulation) steganography in low bit-rate speech codec, the code-word correlation model based on a BiLSTM (bi-directional long short-term memory) neural network is built to obtain the correlation features of the LPC codewords in speech codec in this paper. Then, softmax is used to classify and effectively detect low embedding rate CNV-QIM steganography in VoIP streams. The experimental results show that for speech steganography of short samples with low embedding rate, the BiLSTM method in this paper has a superior detection accuracy than state-of-the-art methods… More >

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821

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Hung-Chun Yang, Tz-Cheng Chiu^*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.128, No.2, pp. 639-668, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.016159
Abstract An implicit integration scheme was developed for simulating the viscoplastic constitutive behavior of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu solder and programmed into a user material subroutine of the finite element software ANSYS. The numerical procedure first solves the essential state variables by using a three-level iterative procedure, and updates the remaining stress and state variables accordingly. The numerical implementation was applied to consider the responses of solder joints in an electronic assembly under temperature cycling condition. The viscoplastic strain energy density accumulation over one temperature cycle was identified as a feasible parameter for evaluating the thermomechanical reliability of the solder joints. More >

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1195

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Na Xu¹, Shuaizhi Zhou¹, Chunchen Zhang¹, Xiaolei Mou^2,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.128, No.2, pp. 669-685, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.016269
Abstract The dynamic flight stability of hovering insects includes the longitudinal and lateral motion. Research results have shown that for the majority of hovering insects the same longitudinal natural modes are identified and the hovering flight in longitudinal is unstable. However, in lateral, the modal structure for hovering insects could be different and the stability property of lateral disturbance motion is not as robust as that of longitudinal motion. The cranefly possesses larger aspect ratio and lower Reynolds number, and such differences in morphology and kinematics may make the lateral dynamic stability different. In this paper, the lateral flight stability of… More >

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ARTICLE

Fuzhang Wang^1,2, Enran Hou^2,*, Imtiaz Ahmad³, Hijaz Ahmad⁴, Yan Gu⁵
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.128, No.2, pp. 687-698, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.014739
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Modeling Real World Problems with Mathematics)
Abstract Numerical solutions of the second-order one-dimensional hyperbolic telegraph equations are presented using the radial basis functions. The purpose of this paper is to propose a simple novel direct meshless scheme for solving hyperbolic telegraph equations. This is fulfilled by considering time variable as normal space variable. Under this scheme, there is no need to remove time-dependent variable during the whole solution process. Since the numerical solution accuracy depends on the condition of coefficient matrix derived from the radial basis function method. We propose a simple shifted domain method, which can avoid the full-coefficient interpolation matrix easily. Numerical experiments performed with… More >

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ARTICLE

Luciano Pereira da Silva^1,*, Bruno Benato Rutyna¹, Aline Roberta Santos Righi², Marcio Augusto Villela Pinto³
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.128, No.2, pp. 699-715, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.014239
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Intelligent Computing for Engineering Applications)
Abstract In this article, we improve the order of precision of the two-dimensional Poisson equation by combining extrapolation techniques with high order schemes. The high order solutions obtained traditionally generate non-sparse matrices and the calculation time is very high. We can obtain sparse matrices by applying compact schemes. In this article, we compare compact and exponential finite difference schemes of fourth order. The numerical solutions are calculated in quadruple precision (Real * 16 or extended precision) in FORTRAN language, and iteratively obtained until reaching the round-off error magnitude around 1.0E −32. This procedure is performed to ensure that there is no… More >

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1082

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ARTICLE

Nazife Sultanoglu^1,2,*, Nezihal Gokbulut³, Tamer Sanlidag², Evren Hincal^2,3, Bilgen Kaymakamzade^2,3, Murat Sayan^2,4
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.128, No.2, pp. 717-729, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.016297
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Mathematical Aspects of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics)
Abstract Northern Cyprus has implemented relatively strict measures in the battle against the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The measures were introduced at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to prevent the spread of the disease. One of these measures was the use of two separate real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) tests for SARS-CoV-2 referred to as the double screening procedure, which was adopted following the re-opening of the sea, air and land borders for passengers after the first lockdown. The rRT-PCR double screening procedure involved reporting a negative rRT-PCR test which was… More >

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Masanori Honda^1,3, Chikara Kawamura^1,3, Isamu Kizaki¹, Yoichi Miyajima¹, Akihiro Takezawa^2,*, Mitsuru Kitamura³
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.128, No.2, pp. 731-742, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.016181
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: New Trends in Structural Optimization)
Abstract A body frame composed of thin sheet metal is a crucial structure that determines the safety performance of a vehicle. Designing a correct weight and high-performance automotive body is an emerging engineering problem. To improve the performance of the automotive frame, we attempt to reconstruct its design criteria based on statistical and mechanical approaches. At first, a fundamental study on the frame strength is conducted and a cross-sectional shape optimization problem is developed for designing the cross-sectional shape of an automobile frame having a very high mass efficiency for strength. Shape optimization is carried out using the nonlinear finite element… More >

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ARTICLE

Atiqe Ur Rahman^1,*, Muhammad Saeed¹, Sultan S. Alodhaibi², Hamiden Abd El-Wahed Khalifa^3,4
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.128, No.2, pp. 743-777, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.016736
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Advances in Neutrosophic and Plithogenic Sets for Engineering and Sciences: Theory, Models, and Applications (ANPSESTMA))
Abstract Hypersoft set is an extension of soft set as it further partitions each attribute into its corresponding attribute-valued set. This structure is more flexible and useful as it addresses the limitation of soft set for dealing with the scenarios having disjoint attribute-valued sets corresponding to distinct attributes. The main purpose of this study is to make the existing literature regarding neutrosophic parameterized soft set in line with the need of multi-attribute approximate function. Firstly, we conceptualize the neutrosophic parameterized hypersoft sets under the settings of fuzzy set, intuitionistic fuzzy set and neutrosophic set along with some of their elementary properties… More >

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Jian Yang, Lang Xin^#, Haihui Huang^*,#, Qiang He
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.128, No.2, pp. 779-802, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.014993
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Machine Learning based Methods for Mechanics)
Abstract Object detection plays an important role in the sorting process of mechanical fasteners. Although object detection has been studied for many years, it has always been an industrial problem. Edge-based model matching is only suitable for a small range of illumination changes, and the matching accuracy is low. The optical flow method and the difference method are sensitive to noise and light, and camshift tracking is less effective in complex backgrounds. In this paper, an improved target detection method based on YOLOv3-tiny is proposed. The redundant regression box generated by the prediction network is filtered by soft nonmaximum suppression (NMS)… More >

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Huizhi Gou^1,2,*, Yuncai Ning¹
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.128, No.2, pp. 803-822, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.015922
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Hybrid Intelligent Methods for Forecasting in Resources and Energy Field)
Abstract Accurate photovoltaic (PV) power prediction can effectively help the power sector to make rational energy planning and dispatching decisions, promote PV consumption, make full use of renewable energy and alleviate energy problems. To address this research objective, this paper proposes a prediction model based on kernel principal component analysis (KPCA), modified cuckoo search algorithm (MCS) and deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN). Firstly, KPCA is utilized to reduce the dimension of the feature, which aims to reduce the redundant input vectors. Then using MCS to optimize the parameters of DCNN. Finally, the photovoltaic power forecasting method of KPCA-MCS-DCNN is established. In… More >

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