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Tao Xue¹, Yazhou Wang², Masao Shimada², David Tae², Kumar Tamma^2,*, Xiaobing Zhang^1,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 1469-1487, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.021616
Abstract In this work, a consistent and physically accurate implementation of the general framework of unified second-order time accurate integrators via the well-known GSSSS framework in the Discrete Element Method is presented. The improved tangential displacement evaluation in the present implementation of the discrete element method has been derived and implemented to preserve the consistency of the correct time level evaluation during the time integration process in calculating the algorithmic tangential displacement. Several numerical examples have been used to validate the proposed tangential displacement evaluation; this is in contrast to past practices which only seem to attain the first-order time accuracy… More >

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Anjani Kumar Rai^*, Subodh Srivastava
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 1489-1528, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.020920
Abstract Image forging is the alteration of a digital image to conceal some of the necessary or helpful information. It cannot be easy to distinguish the modified region from the original image in some circumstances. The demand for authenticity and the integrity of the image drive the detection of a fabricated image. There have been cases of ownership infringements or fraudulent actions by counterfeiting multimedia files, including re-sampling or copy-moving. This work presents a high-level view of the forensics of digital images and their possible detection approaches. This work presents a thorough analysis of digital image forgery detection techniques with their… More >

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Zheng Zhang, Juan Chen^*, Qing Guo
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 1529-1563, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.021451
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Computer Modeling for Smart Cities Applications)
Abstract Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) have been introduced into various applications, such as automated warehouse systems, flexible manufacturing systems, and container terminal systems. However, few publications have outlined problems in need of attention in AGV applications comprehensively. In this paper, several key issues and essential models are presented. First, the advantages and disadvantages of centralized and decentralized AGVs systems were compared; second, warehouse layout and operation optimization were introduced, including some omitted areas, such as AGVs fleet size and electrical energy management; third, AGVs scheduling algorithms in chessboardlike environments were analyzed; fourth, the classical route-planning algorithms for single AGV and multiple… More >

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Liang Luo¹, Xingmei Li¹, Kaijiang Yang¹, Mengyang Wei¹, Jiong Chen¹, Junqian Yang¹, Liang Yao^2,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 1565-1595, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.021198
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Artificial Intelligence for Mobile Edge Computing in IoT)
Abstract The emergence of power dispatching automation systems has greatly improved the efficiency of power industry operations and promoted the rapid development of the power industry. However, with the convergence and increase in power data flow, the data dispatching network and the main station dispatching automation system have encountered substantial pressure. Therefore, the method of online data resolution and rapid problem identification of dispatching automation systems has been widely investigated. In this paper, we perform a comprehensive review of automated dispatching of massive dispatching data from the perspective of intelligent identification, discuss unresolved research issues and outline future directions in this… More >

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Wenjun Zhang¹, Wenfeng Wang^2,3,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 1597-1619, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.020517
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Enabled and Human-centric Computational Intelligence Solutions for Visual Understanding and Application)
Abstract Face recognition has been rapidly developed and widely used. However, there is still considerable uncertainty in the computational intelligence based on human-centric visual understanding. Emerging challenges for face recognition are resulted from information loss. This study aims to tackle these challenges with a broad learning system (BLS). We integrated two models, IR³C with BLS and IR³C with a triplet loss, to control the learning process. In our experiments, we used different strategies to generate more challenging datasets and analyzed the competitiveness, sensitivity, and practicability of the proposed two models. In the model of IR3C with BLS, the recognition rates for… More >

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Jianchu Lin^1,2, Shuang Li³, Hong Qin^3,4, Hongchang Wang³, Ning Cui⁶, Qian Jiang⁷, Haifang Jian^3,*, Gongming Wang^5,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 1621-1651, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.020857
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Enabled and Human-centric Computational Intelligence Solutions for Visual Understanding and Application)
Abstract 3D human pose estimation is a major focus area in the field of computer vision, which plays an important role in practical applications. This article summarizes the framework and research progress related to the estimation of monocular RGB images and videos. An overall perspective of methods integrated with deep learning is introduced. Novel image-based and video-based inputs are proposed as the analysis framework. From this viewpoint, common problems are discussed. The diversity of human postures usually leads to problems such as occlusion and ambiguity, and the lack of training datasets often results in poor generalization ability of the model. Regression… More >

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Qi Guo, Shujun Zhang^*, Hui Li
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 1653-1670, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.021784
Abstract Continuous sign language recognition (CSLR) is challenging due to the complexity of video background, hand gesture variability, and temporal modeling difficulties. This work proposes a CSLR method based on a spatial-temporal graph attention network to focus on essential features of video series. The method considers local details of sign language movements by taking the information on joints and bones as inputs and constructing a spatial-temporal graph to reflect inter-frame relevance and physical connections between nodes. The graph-based multi-head attention mechanism is utilized with adjacent matrix calculation for better local-feature exploration, and short-term motion correlation modeling is completed via a temporal… More >

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Ji Wang¹, Liming Li^1,2,3, Shubin Zheng^1,3, Shuguang Zhao², Xiaodong Chai^1,3, Lele Peng^1,3, Weiwei Qi^1,3, Qianqian Tong¹
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 1671-1706, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.022143
Abstract Loosening detection; cascade deep convolutional neural network; object localization; saliency detection problem of bolts on axlebox covers. Firstly, an SSD network based on ResNet50 and CBAM module by improving bolt image features is proposed for locating bolts on axlebox covers. And then, the A²-PFN is proposed according to the slender features of the marker lines for extracting more accurate marker lines regions of the bolts. Finally, a rectangular approximation method is proposed to regularize the marker line regions as a way to calculate the angle of the marker line and plot all the angle values into an angle table, according… More >

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Jeongwoo Park, Bong-Gu Jung, Jun Won Kang^*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 1707-1735, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.020926
Abstract This paper presents an electrical impedance tomography (EIT) method using a partial-differential-equation-constrained optimization approach. The forward problem in the inversion framework is described by a complete electrode model (CEM), which seeks the electric potential within the domain and at surface electrodes considering the contact impedance between them. The finite element solution of the electric potential has been validated using a commercial code. The inverse medium problem for reconstructing the unknown electrical conductivity profile is formulated as an optimization problem constrained by the CEM. The method seeks the optimal solution of the domain’s electrical conductivity to minimize a Lagrangian functional consisting… More >

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Rebecca Gedda^1,*, Larisa Beilina², Ruomu Tan³
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 1737-1759, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.019764
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Advances on Modeling and State Estimation for Industrial Processes)
Abstract Change point detection becomes increasingly important because it can support data analysis by providing labels to the data in an unsupervised manner. In the context of process data analytics, change points in the time series of process variables may have an important indication about the process operation. For example, in a batch process, the change points can correspond to the operations and phases defined by the batch recipe. Hence identifying change points can assist labelling the time series data. Various unsupervised algorithms have been developed for change point detection, including the optimisation approach which minimises a cost function with certain… More >

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Qingdong Wu¹, Chenxi Li², Tao Shen², Yuan Xu^2,3,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 1761-1772, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.020545
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Advances on Modeling and State Estimation for Industrial Processes)
Abstract To provide stable and accurate position information of control points in a complex coastal environment, an adaptive iterated extended Kalman filter (AIEKF) for fixed-point positioning integrating global navigation satellite system, inertial navigation system, and ultra wide band (UWB) is proposed. In this method, the switched global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and UWB measurement are used as the measurement of the proposed filter. For the data fusion filter, the expectation-maximization (EM) based IEKF is used as the forward filter, then, the Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoother for IEKF filter’s result smoothing. Tests illustrate that the proposed AIEKF is able to provide an accurate estimation. More >

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Hongfei Ma^1,*, Wenqi Zhao², Yurong Zhao¹, Yu He¹
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 1773-1790, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.020498
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Modeling of Fluids Flow in Unconventional Reservoirs)
Abstract Accurate prediction of monthly oil and gas production is essential for oil enterprises to make reasonable production plans, avoid blind investment and realize sustainable development. Traditional oil well production trend prediction methods are based on years of oil field production experience and expertise, and the application conditions are very demanding. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, big data analysis methods are gradually applied in various sub-fields of the oil and gas reservoir development. Based on the data-driven artificial intelligence algorithm Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), this paper predicts the initial single-layer production by considering geological data, fluid PVT… More >

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Zhihao Zeng^*, Zixiang Xia, Xiaoning Zhang, Yexiao He
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 1791-1814, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.021648
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT): Emerging Trends and Challenges)
Abstract The development of Fifth-Generation (5G) mobile communication technology has remarkably promoted the spread of the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. As a promising paradigm for IoT, edge computing can process the amount of data generated by mobile intelligent devices in less time response. Network Function Virtualization (NFV) that decouples network functions from dedicated hardware is an important architecture to implement edge computing, deploying heterogeneous Virtual Network Functions (VNF) (such as computer vision, natural language processing, intelligent control, etc.) on the edge service nodes. With the NFV MANO (Management and Orchestration) framework, a Service Function Chain (SFC) that contains a set… More >

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Shaoxuan Yun, Ying Chen^*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 1815-1835, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.022797
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Artificial Intelligence for Mobile Edge Computing in IoT)
Abstract Nowadays, with the widespread application of the Internet of Things (IoT), mobile devices are renovating our lives. The data generated by mobile devices has reached a massive level. The traditional centralized processing is not suitable for processing the data due to limited computing power and transmission load. Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) has been proposed to solve these problems. Because of limited computation ability and battery capacity, tasks can be executed in the MEC server. However, how to schedule those tasks becomes a challenge, and is the main topic of this piece. In this paper, we design an efficient intelligent algorithm… More >

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Xuan Peng^1,*, Chao Zheng^2,3,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 1837-1853, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.022367
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Recent Advance of the Isogeometric Boundary Element Method and its Applications)
Abstract A novel continuum-based fast projection scheme is proposed for cloth simulation. Cloth geometry is described by NURBS, and the dynamic response is modeled by a displacement-only Kirchhoff-Love shell element formulated directly on NURBS geometry. The fast projection method, which solves strain limiting as a constrained Lagrange problem, is extended to the continuum version. Numerical examples are studied to demonstrate the performance of the current scheme. The proposed approach can be applied to grids of arbitrary topology and can eliminate unrealistic over-stretching efficiently if compared to spring-based methodologies. More >

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Yongqiang Guo^1,2,*, Zhiyuan Lv³
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 1855-1870, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.022211
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Computer-Aided Structural Integrity and Safety Assessment)
Abstract In uncertainty analysis and reliability-based multidisciplinary design and optimization (RBMDO) of engineering structures, the saddlepoint approximation (SA) method can be utilized to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of reliability evaluation. However, the random variables involved in SA should be easy to handle. Additionally, the corresponding saddlepoint equation should not be complicated. Both of them limit the application of SA for engineering problems. The moment method can construct an approximate cumulative distribution function of the performance function based on the first few statistical moments. However, the traditional moment matching method is not very accurate generally. In order to take advantage of… More >

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Hong Zhang¹, Lukai Song^1,2,*, Guangchen Bai¹
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 1871-1897, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.021880
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Computer-Aided Structural Integrity and Safety Assessment)
Abstract

The reliability and sensitivity analyses of stator blade regulator usually involve complex characteristics like high-nonlinearity, multi-failure regions, and small failure probability, which brings in unacceptable computing efficiency and accuracy of the current analysis methods. In this case, by fitting the implicit limit state function (LSF) with active Kriging (AK) model and reducing candidate sample pool with adaptive importance sampling (AIS), a novel AK-AIS method is proposed. Herein, the AK model and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) are first established to identify the most probable failure region(s) (MPFRs), and the adaptive kernel density estimation (AKDE) importance sampling function is constructed to… More >

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417

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Dongyan Shi^1,*, Hui Ma¹, Chunlong Ma^1,2
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 1899-1923, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.022444
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Computer-Aided Structural Integrity and Safety Assessment)
Abstract In multi-component systems, the components are dependent, rather than degenerating independently, leading to changes in maintenance schedules. In this situation, this study proposes a grouping dynamic maintenance strategy. Considering the structure of multi-component systems, the maintenance strategy is determined according to the importance of the components. The strategy can minimize the expected depreciation cost of the system and divide the system into optimal groups that meet economic requirements. First, multi-component models are grouped. Then, a failure probability model of multi-component systems is established. The maintenance parameters in each maintenance cycle are updated according to the failure probability of the components.… More >

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Yunwen Feng¹, Zhicen Song^1,*, Cheng Lu²
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 1925-1942, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.022680
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Computer-Aided Structural Integrity and Safety Assessment)
Abstract To effectively predict the mechanical dispatch reliability (MDR), the artificial neural networks method combined with aircraft operation health status parameters is proposed, which introduces the real civil aircraft operation data for verification, to improve the modeling precision and computing efficiency. Grey relational analysis can identify the degree of correlation between aircraft system health status (such as the unscheduled maintenance event, unit report event, and services number) and dispatch release and screen out the most closely related systems to determine the set of input parameters required for the prediction model. The artificial neural network using radial basis function (RBF) as a… More >

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Alhanouf Alburaikan¹, Hamiden Abd El-Wahed Khalifa^1,2, Pavan Kumar^3,*, Seyedali Mirjalili^4,6, Ibrahim Mekawy⁵
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 1943-1956, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.021815
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Extension, Modeling and Applications of Fuzzy Set Theory in Engineering and Science)
Abstract In this article, mathematical modeling for the evaluation of reliability is studied using two methods. One of the methods, is developed based on possibility theory. The performance of the reliability of the system is of prime concern. In view of this, the outcomes for the failure are required to evaluate with utmost care. In possibility theory, the reliability information data determined from decision-making experts are subjective. The same method is also related to the survival possibilities as against the survival probabilities. The other method is the one that is developed using the concept of approximation of closed interval including the… More >

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Mehdi Moslemi¹, Motahare Mahmoodnezhad¹, S. A. Edalatpanah^1,*, Sulima Ahmed Mohammed Zubair², Hamiden Abd El-Wahed Khalifa^2,3
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 1957-1973, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.021481
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Numerical Methods in Engineering Analysis, Data Analysis and Artificial Intelligence)
Abstract In this research, a numerical study of mixed convection of non-Newtonian fluid and magnetic field effect along a vertical wavy surface was investigated. A simple coordinate transformation to transform wavy surface to a flat surface is employed. A cubic spline collocation numerical method is employed to analyze transformed equations. The effect of various parameters such as Reynolds number, volume fraction 0-, Hartmann number, and amplitude of wave length was evaluated in improving the performance of a wavy microchannel. According to the presented results, the sinusoidal shape of the microchannel has a direct impact on heat transfer. By increasing the microchannel… More >

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Guojun Zheng^1,2, Zhaomin Yan¹, Yang Xia^1,2, Ping Hu^1,2, Guozhe Shen^1,2,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 1975-1995, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.021415
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Peridynamics and its Current Progress)
Abstract Peridynamics (PD) is a non-local mechanics theory that overcomes the limitations of classical continuum mechanics (CCM) in predicting the initiation and propagation of cracks. However, the calculation efficiency of PD models is generally lower than that of the traditional finite element method (FEM). Structural idealization can greatly improve the calculation efficiency of PD models for complex structures. This study presents a PD shell model based on the micro-beam bond via the homogenization assumption. First, the deformations of each endpoint of the micro-beam bond are calculated through the interpolation method. Second, the micro-potential energy of the axial, torsional, and bending deformations… More >

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Hui Li^*, Liping Zhang, Yixiong Zhang, Xiaolong Fu, Xuejiao Shao, Juan Du
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 1997-2019, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.020792
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Peridynamics and its Current Progress)
Abstract In this paper, the evaluations of metal ablation processes under high temperature, i.e., the Al plate ablated by a laser and a heat carrier and the reactor pressure vessel ablated by a core melt, are studied by a novel peridynamic method. Above all, the peridynamic formulation for the heat conduction problem is obtained by Taylor’s expansion technique. Then, a simple and efficient moving boundary model in the peridynamic framework is proposed to handle the variable geometries, in which the ablated states of material points are described by an additional scalar field. Next, due to the automatic non-interpenetration properties of peridynamic… More >

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Saixuan Chen¹, Jie Yang^1,*, Guohua Cui¹, Fuzhou Niu², Baiqiang Yao¹, Yu Zhang¹
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 2021-2039, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.022669
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Advanced Intelligent Decision and Intelligent Control with Applications in Smart City)
Abstract This paper proposes a zero-moment control torque compensation technique. After compensating the gravity and friction of the robot, it must overcome a small inertial force to move in compliance with the external force. The principle of torque balance was used to realise the zero-moment dragging and teaching function of the lightweight collaborative robot. The robot parameter identification based on the least square method was used to accurately identify the robot torque sensitivity and friction parameters. When the robot joint rotates at a low speed, it can approximately satisfy the torque balance equation. The experiment uses the joint position and the… More >

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Dan Zhao^1,*, Qiong Wu¹, Minyao Gan², Ke Li¹, Wenhong Ma¹, Qun Wu¹, Liqiang Dong¹, Shaogang Liu¹
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 2041-2055, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.021026
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Computer Modeling in Ocean Engineering Structure and Mechanical Equipment)
Abstract To reduce the vibration and sound radiation of underwater cylindrical shells, a skin composed of micro floating raft arrays and a compliant wall is proposed in this paper. A vibroacoustic coupling model of a finite cylindrical shell covered with this skin for the case of turbulence excitation is established based on the shell theories of Donnell. The model is solved with the modal superposition method to investigate the effects of the structural parameters of micro floating raft elements on the performance of reducing vibration and sound radiation of the cylindrical shell of this skin. The results indicate that increasing the… More >

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Pengyu Chen, Cunbao Zhao^*, He Yao, Junliang Li
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 2057-2071, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.022394
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Computer Modeling in Ocean Engineering Structure and Mechanical Equipment)
Abstract Multiple failure modes tend to be identified in the reliability analysis of a redundant truss structure. This identification process involves updating the model for identifying the next potential failure members. Herein we intend to update the finite element model automatically in the identification process of failure modes and further perform the system reliability analysis efficiently. This study presents a framework that is implemented through the joint simulation of MATLAB and APDL and consists of three parts: reliability index of a single member, identification of dominant failure modes, and system-level reliability analysis for system reliability analysis of truss structures. Firstly, RSM… More >

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Qinhui Liu¹, Nengjian Wang^1,*, Jiang Li¹, Tongtong Ma², Fapeng Li¹, Zhijie Gao¹
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 2073-2091, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.021433
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Computer Modeling in Ocean Engineering Structure and Mechanical Equipment)
Abstract As a typical transportation tool in the intelligent manufacturing system, Automatic Guided Vehicle (AGV) plays an indispensable role in the automatic production process of the workshop. Therefore, integrating AGV resources into production scheduling has become a research hotspot. For the scheduling problem of the flexible job shop adopting segmented AGV, a dual-resource scheduling optimization mathematical model of machine tools and AGVs is established by minimizing the maximum completion time as the objective function, and an improved genetic algorithm is designed to solve the problem in this study. The algorithm designs a two-layer coding method based on process coding and machine… More >

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Qiuhong Li¹, Wenhao Huang^1,*, Joey Sanchez², Ping Wang¹, Qiang Ding³, Jiufa Wang⁴
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 2093-2121, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.021340
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Computer Modeling in Ocean Engineering Structure and Mechanical Equipment)
Abstract Based on Kirchhoff plate theory and the Rayleigh-Ritz method, the model for free vibration of rectangular plate with rectangular cutouts under arbitrary elastic boundary conditions is established by using the improved Fourier series in combination with the independent coordinate coupling method (ICCM). The effect of the cutout is taken into account by subtracting the energies of the cutouts from the total energies of the whole plate. The vibration displacement function of the hole domain is based on the coordinate system of the hole domain in this method. From the continuity condition of the vibration displacement function at the cutout, the… More >

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Yingying Li¹, Hang Jiang¹, Lianjie Yu¹, Jianfeng Li^1,2,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 2123-2136, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.021407
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: AI-Driven Intelligent Sensor Networks: Key Enabling Theories, Architectures, Modeling, and Techniques)
Abstract To improve the estimation accuracy, a novel time delay estimation (TDE) method based on the closed-form offset compensation is proposed. Firstly, we use the generalized cross-correlation with phase transform (GCC-PHAT) method to obtain the initial TDE. Secondly, a signal model using normalized cross spectrum is established, and the noise subspace is extracted by eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) of covariance matrix. Using the orthogonal relation between the steering vector and the noise subspace, the first-order Taylor expansion is carried out on the steering vector reconstructed by the initial TDE. Finally, the offsets are compensated via simple least squares (LS). Compared to other… More >

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Lei Yan¹, Maode Ma², Dandan Li¹, Xiaohong Huang^1,*, Yan Ma¹, Kun Xie¹
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 2137-2162, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.022462
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Models of Computation: Specification, Implementation and Challenges)
Abstract The low-intensity attack flows used by Crossfire attacks are hard to distinguish from legitimate flows. Traditional methods to identify the malicious flows in Crossfire attacks are rerouting, which is based on statistics. In these existing mechanisms, the identification of malicious flows depends on the IP address. However, the IP address is easy to be changed by attacks. Compared with the IP address, the certificate is more challenging to be tampered with or forged. Moreover, the traffic trend in the network is towards encryption. The certificates are popularly utilized by IoT devices for authentication in encryption protocols. DTLShps proposed a new… More >

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Thabet Abdeljawad^1,2, Awais Younus^3,*, Manar A. Alqudah⁴, Usama Atta⁵
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 2163-2191, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.020915
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Advanced Numerical Methods for Fractional Differential Equations)
Abstract The Laplace transformation is a very important integral transform, and it is extensively used in solving ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, and several types of integro-differential equations. Our purpose in this study is to introduce the notion of fuzzy double Laplace transform, fuzzy conformable double Laplace transform (FCDLT). We discuss some basic properties of FCDLT. We obtain the solutions of fuzzy partial differential equations (both one-dimensional and two-dimensional cases) through the double Laplace approach. We demonstrate through numerical examples that our proposed method is very successful and convenient for resolving partial differential equations. More >

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Abdulghani Ragaa Alharbi^*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 2193-2209, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.018445
Abstract The Riemann wave system has a fundamental role in describing waves in various nonlinear natural phenomena, for instance, tsunamis in the oceans. This paper focuses on executing the generalized exponential rational function approach and some numerical methods to obtain a distinct range of traveling wave structures and numerical results of the two-dimensional Riemann problems. The stability of obtained traveling wave solutions is analyzed by satisfying the constraint conditions of the Hamiltonian system. Numerical simulations are investigated via the finite difference method to verify the accuracy of the obtained results. To extract the approximation solutions to the underlying problem, some ODE… More >

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Fangwei Zhang^1,2,*, Shihe Xu³, Bing Han⁴, Liming Zhang², Jun Ye⁵
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 2211-2226, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.022418
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Decision making Modeling, Methods and Applications of Advanced Fuzzy Theory in Engineering and Science)
Abstract In optimization theory, the adaptive control of the optimization process is an important goal that people pursue. To solve this problem, this study introduces the idea of neutrosophic decision-making into classical heuristic algorithm, and proposes a novel neutrosophic adaptive clustering optimization thought, which is applied in a novel neutrosophic genetic algorithm (NGA), for example. The main feature of NGA is that the NGA treats the crossover effect as a neutrosophic fuzzy set, the variation ratio as a structural parameter, the crossover effect as a benefit parameter and the variation effect as a cost parameter, and then a neutrosophic fitness function… More >

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Quang-Hieu Tran^1,2,*, Hoang Nguyen^1,2, Xuan-Nam Bui^1,2
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 2227-2246, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.021893
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Computational Intelligent Systems for Solving Complex Engineering Problems: Principles and Applications)
Abstract This study considered and predicted blast-induced ground vibration (PPV) in open-pit mines using bagging and sibling techniques under the rigorous combination of machine learning algorithms. Accordingly, four machine learning algorithms, including support vector regression (SVR), extra trees (ExTree), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), and decision tree regression (DTR), were used as the base models for the purposes of combination and PPV initial prediction. The bagging regressor (BA) was then applied to combine these base models with the efforts of variance reduction, overfitting elimination, and generating more robust predictive models, abbreviated as BA-ExTree, BAKNN, BA-SVR, and BA-DTR. It is emphasized that the ExTree… More >

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Rita Yi Man Li¹, Lingxi Song², Bo Li^2,3, M. James C. Crabbe^4,5,6, Xiao-Guang Yue^7,*
CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 2247-2282, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.020930
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Computer Modelling for Safer Built Environment and Smart Cities)
Abstract The aims of this study were threefold: 1) study the research gap in carpark and price index via big data and natural language processing, 2) examine the research gap of carpark indices, and 3) construct carpark price indices via repeat sales methods and predict carpark indices via the AutoML. By researching the keyword “carpark” in Google Scholar, the largest electronic academic database that covers Web of Science and Scopus indexed articles, this study obtained 999 articles and book chapters from 1910 to 2019. It confirmed that most carpark research threw light on multi-storey carparks, management and ventilation systems, and reinforced… More >

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