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  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Scaffolds and Fluid Flow in Cardiac Tissue Engineering

    Milica Radisic1,2, Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic3
    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.2, No.1, pp. 1-16, 2006, DOI:10.3970/fdmp.2006.002.001
    Abstract To engineer cardiac tissue in vitro with properties approaching those of native tissue, it is necessary to reproduce many of the conditions found in vivo. In particular, cell density must be sufficiently high to enable contractility, which implies a three-dimensional culture with a sufficient oxygen and nutrient supply. In this review, hydrogels and scaffolds that support high cell densities are examined followed by a discussion on the utility of scaffold perfusion to satisfy high oxygen demand of cardiomyocytes and an overview of new bioreactors developed in our laboratory to accomplish this task more simply. More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Thermocapillary Effects in Systems with Variable Liquid Mass Exposed to Concentrated Heating

    M.El-Gammal1, J.M.Floryan1
    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.2, No.1, pp. 17-26, 2006, DOI:10.3970/fdmp.2006.002.017
    Abstract Interface deformation and thermocapillary rupture in a cavity with free upper surface subject to concentrated heating from above is investigated. The dynamics of the process is modulated by placing different amounts of liquid in the cavity. The results determined for large Biot and zero Marangoni numbers show the existence of limit points beyond which steady, continuous interface cannot exist and processes leading to the interface rupture develop. Evolution of the limit point as a function of the mass of the liquid is investigated. The topology of the flow field is found to be qualitatively similar, regardless of whether the cavity… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Effect of Bubble Size and Location on Segregation Pattern and Interface Shape in Microgravity Crystal Growth

    M. Kassemi1, Y. Wang2, S. Barsi1,3, B.T.F. Chung2
    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.2, No.1, pp. 27-46, 2006, DOI:10.3970/fdmp.2006.002.027
    Abstract Microgravity experiments, especially materials processing experiments, have often been hampered by presence of unwanted bubbles. In this work, the effect of thermocapillary convection generated by a bubble on the Bridgman growth of a dilute binary alloy in microgravity is investigated numerically. The model is based on the quasi-steady Navier-Stokes equations for the fluid flow in the melt coupled with the conservation equations for transport of energy and species in the growth ampoule. Numerical results indicate three different growth regimes based on the distance between the bubble and the growth interface: a diffusion dominated regime that is separated from a well-mixed… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Reconstruction of Interfaces between Electrically Conducting Fluids from Electrical Potential Measurements

    A.Kurenkov1, A.Thess2, H.Babovsky3
    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.2, No.1, pp. 47-58, 2006, DOI:10.3970/fdmp.2006.002.047
    Abstract A possibility for the determination of the interface between two electrically conducting fluids in cylindrical geometry is presented. The fluids with different conductivities are situated in an infinite cylinder. Along the axis of the cylinder a homogeneous electrical current is applied. The perturbation of the interface leads to an inhomogeneous electrical current and, therefore, results in an electrical potential change in the fluids and a magnetic field modification outside the fluids. The dependence of the electrical potential on the interface shape is obtained analytically. The interface profile is then recovered from data of the electrical potential measurements which have been… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Influence of Thermocapillary Convection on Solid-liquid Interface

    K. Matsunaga1, H. Kawamura1
    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.2, No.1, pp. 59-64, 2006, DOI:10.3970/fdmp.2006.002.059
    Abstract Existing studies on solidification phenomena mainly focused on the solidification processes per se. In real systems, however, one cannot neglect the effects of molten material convective flow, such as natural and thermocapillary convection (they strongly affect the resulting quality of the solidified materials). The present study aims to experimentally investigate on the effect of the thermocapillary flow upon the directional solidification in a liquid layer with a free upper surface. If no free surface exists, the solid--liquid interface (SLI) is vertical and straight, while, with the free surface, the SLI is inclined against the wall-normal direction and is curved in… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    The Solution Crystallisation Diagnostics Facility, a European Facility for Microgravity Research on Structures from Solutions on Board the ISS

    V. Pletser1, R. Bosch2, L. Potthast2, R. Kassel3
    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.2, No.1, pp. 65-76, 2006, DOI:10.3970/fdmp.2006.002.065
    Abstract Orbital weightless conditions have been shown to yield better and larger crystals. The Solution Crystallization Diagnostics Facility (SCDF) is a third generation instrument developed by ESA and dedicated to the observation and study with advanced diagnostics nucleation and crystallisation processes of molecules from solutions on board the International Space Station. The SCDF is intended to be used for studies of proteins and large biomolecules, and more generally of any kind of molecules growing from solutions, using the powerful set of diagnostics means available in the SCDF platform. Several protein crystallisation reactors have been developed to study protein and macro-biomolecules assembling… More >

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