Implementation of Hysteretic Models into Mechanical Systems for the Purpose of Digital Twin Modelling to Support the Technical Diagnostics

Milan Sága, Ján Minárik^*, Milan Vaško, Jaroslav Majko
Department of Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, Žilina, Slovakia
* Corresponding Author: Ján Minárik. Email: email
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Numerical Modeling in Technical Diagnostics and Predictive Maintenance)

Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences https://doi.org/10.32604/cmes.2026.076734

Received 26 November 2025; Accepted 21 January 2026; Published online 18 February 2026

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Abstract

The presented study analyses the impact of hysteresis on the response of mechanical systems. The main objective is to determine how the hysteretic models influence the system behaviour and if they can be utilised to describe a damaged or a faulty system. The hysteretic models are able to describe various types of nonlinear behaviour that can reflect the wear or damage of the system components. The data obtained from these models can possibly serve as a basis for the advanced approaches, such as digital twin modelling and predictive maintenance. All the results presented in this study were obtained in the MATLAB environment. The first part of the study provides a concise review of hysteretic models and compares them under the condition of equal energy dissipation per loading cycle. The models considered include the linear, bilinear, Bouc-Wen, Wang-Wen, and generalised Bouc-Wen models. The second part focuses on the development of a mechanical model and the implementation of the mentioned hysteretic models. The stochastic modelling of the driving forces is carried out using the Kanai-Tajimi differential model. The results show that the hysteretic models noticeably influence the treated model. This is also reflected in the frequency domain. The behaviour of hysteretic systems suggests increased energy dissipation combined with the changes in stiffness of the suspension components. Among the presented models, the asymmetric models can be considered as the most suitable for further modelling of damaged systems.