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Open Access

ARTICLE

Influence of Valve-Orifice Geometry on Dynamic Response and Synchronization of Master–Slave Hydraulic Cylinders

Yihan Chao, Xiangping Liao*, Tianhao Zhang, Zichen Wang, Feng Shao
School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
* Corresponding Author: Xiangping Liao. Email: email
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Hydraulic Systems: Integrating Hydrostatic, Hydrodynamic, and Hydro-viscous Transmission Technologies)

Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing https://doi.org/10.32604/fdmp.2026.087367

Received 15 June 2026; Accepted 18 September 2026; Published online 28 September 2026

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of valve-orifice geometry on the dynamic response and synchronization performance of master-slave hydraulic cylinder systems, with particular emphasis on transient fluid-structure interactions in electrically driven hydraulic systems. A combined theoretical and experimental investigation is conducted to elucidate the interaction between orifice geometry and the transient response of the master-slave system. A dynamic coupling model is developed that incorporates the geometry-dependent area gradient (dA/dx) and mechanical feedback delay, enabling the underlying mechanisms of pressure surges, post-surge time lag, and disturbance recovery during nonlinear throttling to be identified. Based on these mechanisms, adaptive composite valve design guidelines are proposed. The results show that the rectangular orifice provides the highest flow gain and the fastest response, with the active-cylinder spool flow reaching stabilization in 0.19 s, representing reductions of 9.1% and 14.8% compared with trapezoidal and U-shaped orifices, respectively. The corresponding follower-cylinder delay is only 0.03 s, 16.7% and 30.2% shorter than those of the trapezoidal and U-shaped orifices. In contrast, the trapezoidal throttle slot provides superior buffering performance, with a buffering time of 0.12 s, while also exhibiting a faster response to disturbances. The rectangular orifice, however, provides greater load stiffness.

Keywords

AMESim; digital hydraulic cylinder; master-slave control; valve port structure

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