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Open Access

ARTICLE

A Novel Grooved-Tooth Rotary Cavitation Generator for Enhanced Hydrodynamic Cavitation and Wastewater Treatment

Hong Qi1, Jun Zhang1,*, Xinyao Hu2, Liming Qian1, Peiyu He2,*
1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong Institute of Technology, Nantong, China
2 School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
* Corresponding Author: Jun Zhang. Email: email; Peiyu He. Email: email

Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing https://doi.org/10.32604/fdmp.2026.086917

Received 09 June 2026; Accepted 17 August 2026; Published online 24 August 2026

Abstract

This study presents a novel grooved-tooth rotary cavitation generator (GRCG) and systematically investigates its hydrodynamic cavitation and wastewater treatment response through a combination of three-dimensional transient numerical simulations and experimental validation. The simulations, based on the Realizable k-ε turbulence model and the Zwart-Gerber-Belamri cavitation model, are used to examine the influence of radial clearance (L) and rotational speed (N) on cavitation development. The numerical predictions are validated through Escherichia coli inactivation and Rhodamine B degradation experiments. The results show that decreasing the radial clearance and increasing the rotational speed markedly enhance cavitation intensity. At L = 1 mm and N = 4500 r/min, the total vapor volume reaches its maximum, corresponding to a Rhodamine B degradation efficiency of 43.6%, significantly higher than that achieved at larger clearances. The Escherichia coli concentration decreases progressively throughout the treatment, demonstrating the strong bactericidal performance of the proposed device. The grooved-tooth geometry promotes micro-vortex formation, strengthening the synergistic effects of mechanical shear and oxidative degradation, thereby improving cavitation efficiency. The close agreement between the simulated vapor volume and the experimental degradation results confirms the reliability of the numerical model.

Keywords

Hydrodynamic cavitation; rotary generator; grooved-tooth; numerical simulation; wastewater treatment

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