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Basim Aljabhan¹, Mahmoud Ragab^2,3,4,*, Sultanah M. Alshammari^4,5, Abdullah S. Al-Malaise Al-Ghamdi^4,6,7
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5269-5282, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030694
Abstract Traffic flow prediction becomes an essential process for intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Though traffic sensor devices are manually controllable, traffic flow data with distinct length, uneven sampling, and missing data finds challenging for effective exploitation. The traffic data has been considerably increased in recent times which cannot be handled by traditional mathematical models. The recent developments of statistic and deep learning (DL) models pave a way for the effectual design of traffic flow prediction (TFP) models. In this view, this study designs optimal attention-based deep learning with statistical analysis for TFP (OADLSA-TFP) model. The presented OADLSA-TFP model intends to effectually… More >

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S. V. Ratankumar^1,2, L. Koteswara Rao^1,*, M. Kiran Kumar³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5283-5298, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.027975
Abstract The design of a three-input logic circuit using carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNTFETs) is presented. Ternary logic must be an exact replacement for dual logic since it performs straightforwardly in digital devices, which is why this design is so popular, and it also reduces chip area, both of which are examples of circuit overheads. The proposed module we have investigated is a triple-logic-based one, based on advanced technology CNTFETs and an emphasis on minimizing delay times at various values, as well as comparisons of the design working with various load capacitances. Comparing the proposed design with the existing design,… More >

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K. Pradeep Mohan Kumar¹, Jenifer Mahilraj², D. Swathi³, R. Rajavarman⁴, Subhi R. M. Zeebaree⁵, Rizgar R. Zebari⁶, Zryan Najat Rashid⁷, Ahmed Alkhayyat^8,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5299-5314, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030825
Abstract Recently, smart cities have emerged as an effective approach to deliver high-quality services to the people through adaptive optimization of the available resources. Despite the advantages of smart cities, security remains a huge challenge to be overcome. Simultaneously, Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is the most proficient tool to accomplish security in this scenario. Besides, blockchain exhibits significance in promoting smart city designing, due to its effective characteristics like immutability, transparency, and decentralization. In order to address the security problems in smart cities, the current study designs a Privacy Preserving Secure Framework using Blockchain with Optimal Deep Learning (PPSF-BODL) model. The… More >

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Abdullah Alsit^*, Mohammad Alkhedher, Hasan Hamdan
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5315-5329, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.031042
Abstract Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) process through which cracks occur in a variety of susceptible materials is a result of a combination of residual or applied stresses and corrosion. In oil and gas field, buried pipeline steels are made of low-alloy steels with a ferritic-pearlitic structure, such as X70. In dilute solutions, these materials are prone to SCC failure. The Near-neutral simulated soil solution (NS4) solution is established to imitate SCC conditions and subsequently became the industry requirement for crack growth experiments in the majority of laboratories. The strain-assisted active crack pathways are considered while modelling SCC growth as an oxide… More >

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Ng Lai Yee¹, Mohd Asyraf Zulkifley^2,*, Adhi Harmoko Saputro³, Siti Raihanah Abdani⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5331-5348, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028801
Abstract Micro-expression is manifested through subtle and brief facial movements that relay the genuine person’s hidden emotion. In a sequence of videos, there is a frame that captures the maximum facial differences, which is called the apex frame. Therefore, apex frame spotting is a crucial sub-module in a micro-expression recognition system. However, this spotting task is very challenging due to the characteristics of micro-expression that occurs in a short duration with low-intensity muscle movements. Moreover, most of the existing automated works face difficulties in differentiating micro-expressions from other facial movements. Therefore, this paper presents a deep learning model with an attention… More >

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490

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N. Penchalaiah¹, Abeer S. Al-Humaimeedy², Mashael Maashi³, J. Chinna Babu^4,*, Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf⁵, Theyazn H. H. Aldhyani⁶
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5349-5365, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029639
Abstract The expanding amounts of information created by Internet of Things (IoT) devices places a strain on cloud computing, which is often used for data analysis and storage. This paper investigates a different approach based on edge cloud applications, which involves data filtering and processing before being delivered to a backup cloud environment. This Paper suggest designing and implementing a low cost, low power cluster of Single Board Computers (SBC) for this purpose, reducing the amount of data that must be transmitted elsewhere, using Big Data ideas and technology. An Apache Hadoop and Spark Cluster that was used to run a… More >

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Mustufa Haider Abidi^*, Hisham Alkhalefah, Muneer Khan Mohammed
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5367-5383, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030018
Abstract In modern scenarios, Industry 4.0 entails invention with various advanced technology, and blockchain is one among them. Blockchains are incorporated to enhance privacy, data transparency as well as security for both large and small scale enterprises. Industry 4.0 is considered as a new synthesis fabrication technique that permits the manufacturers to attain their target effectively. However, because numerous devices and machines are involved, data security and privacy are always concerns. To achieve intelligence in Industry 4.0, blockchain technologies can overcome potential cybersecurity constraints. Nowadays, the blockchain and internet of things (IoT) are gaining more attention because of their favorable outcome… More >

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565

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Sofiene Haboubi^1,*, Tawfik Guesmi², Badr M Alshammari², Khalid Alqunun², Ahmed S Alshammari², Haitham Alsaif², Hamid Amiri¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5385-5397, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029198
Abstract Handwriting recognition is a challenge that interests many researchers around the world. As an exception, handwritten Arabic script has many objectives that remain to be overcome, given its complex form, their number of forms which exceeds 100 and its cursive nature. Over the past few years, good results have been obtained, but with a high cost of memory and execution time. In this paper we propose to improve the capacity of bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BGRU) to recognize Arabic text. The advantages of using BGRUs is the execution time compared to other methods that can have a high success rate… More >

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535

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Abhishek Sharma¹, Sushank Chaudhary^2,*, Jyoteesh Malhotra³, Muhammad Saadi⁴, Sattam Al Otaibi⁵, Lunchakorn Wuttisittikulkij²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5399-5410, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.031173
Abstract Recent reports from World Health Organization (WHO) show the impact of human negligence as a serious concern for road accidents and casualties worldwide. There are number of reasons which led to this negligence; hence, need of intelligent transportation system (ITS) gains more attention from researchers worldwide. For achieving such autonomy different sensors are involved in autonomous vehicles which can sense road conditions and warn the control system about possible hazards. This work is focused on designing one such sensor system which can detect and range multiple targets under the impact of adverse atmospheric conditions. A high-speed Linear Frequency Modulated Continuous… More >

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635

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Abdullah G. Alharbi¹, Jawad Mirza², Mehak Raza³, Salman Ghafoor^4,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5411-5422, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029317
Abstract In this paper, we report a simulation study on the performance enhancement of Praseodymium doped silica fiber amplifiers (PDFAs) in O-band (1270–1350 nm) in terms of small signal gain, power conversion efficiency (PCE), and output optical power by employing bidirectional pumping. The PDFA performance is examined by optimizing the length of Praseodymium doped silica fiber (PDF), its mode-field diameter (MFD) and the concentration of Pr³⁺. A small-signal peak gain of 56.4 dB, power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 47%, and output optical power of around 1.6 W (32 dBm) is observed at optimized parameters for input signal wavelength of 1310 nm.… More >

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530

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Khalid Hamid¹, Muhammad Waseem Iqbal^2,*, Erssa Arif¹, Yasir Mahmood^3,4, Ahmad Salman Khan³, Nazri Kama⁴, Azri Azmi⁴, Atif Ikram^5,6
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5423-5440, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030927
Abstract Any number that can be uniquely determined by a graph is called graph invariants. During the most recent twenty years’ innumerable numerical graph invariants have been described and used for correlation analysis. In the fast and advanced environment of manufacturing of networks and other products which used different networks, no dependable assessment has been embraced to choose, how much these invariants are connected with a network graph or molecular graph. In this paper, it will talk about three distinct variations of bridge networks with great capability of expectation in the field of computer science, chemistry, physics, drug industry, informatics, and… More >

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Heba G. Mohamed¹, Saud S. Alotaibi², Majdy M. Eltahir³, Heba Mohsen⁴, Manar Ahmed Hamza^5,*, Abu Sarwar Zamani⁵, Ishfaq Yaseen⁵, Abdelwahed Motwakel⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5441-5458, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.031887
Abstract The Internet of Drones (IoD) offers synchronized access to organized airspace for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (known as drones). The availability of inexpensive sensors, processors, and wireless communication makes it possible in real time applications. As several applications comprise IoD in real time environment, significant interest has been received by research communications. Since IoD operates in wireless environment, it is needed to design effective intrusion detection system (IDS) to resolve security issues in the IoD environment. This article introduces a metaheuristics feature selection with optimal stacked autoencoder based intrusion detection (MFSOSAE-ID) in the IoD environment. The major intention of the MFSOSAE-ID… More >

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Jinglin Liang^1,2, Qian Sun^1,2,*, Xiaoyi Wang^3,2, Jiping Xu^1,2, Huiyan Zhang^1,2, Li Wang^1,2, Jiabin Yu^1,2, Jing Li⁴, Ruichao Wang⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5459-5471, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029362
Abstract Underwater sensor networks have important application value in the fields of water environment data collection, marine environment monitoring and so on. It has some characteristics such as low available bandwidth, large propagation delays and limited energy, which bring new challenges to the current researches. The research on coverage control of underwater sensor networks is the basis of other related researches. A good sensor node coverage control method can effectively improve the quality of water environment monitoring. Aiming at the problem of high dynamics and uncertainty of monitoring targets, the random events level are divided into serious events and general events.… More >

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409

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Mesfer Al Duhayyim^1,*, Areej A. Malibari², Marwa Obayya³, Mohamed K. Nour⁴, Ahmed S. Salama⁵, Mohamed I. Eldesouki⁶, Abu Sarwar Zamani⁷, Mohammed Rizwanullah⁷
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5473-5489, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.031976
Abstract The skeletal bone age assessment (BAA) was extremely implemented in development prediction and auxiliary analysis of medicinal issues. X-ray images of hands were detected from the estimation of bone age, whereas the ossification centers of epiphysis and carpal bones are important regions. The typical skeletal BAA approaches remove these regions for predicting the bone age, however, few of them attain suitable efficacy or accuracy. Automatic BAA techniques with deep learning (DL) methods are reached the leading efficiency on manual and typical approaches. Therefore, this study introduces an intellectual skeletal bone age assessment and classification with the use of metaheuristic with… More >

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Mashael M. Asiri¹, Saud S. Alotaibi², Dalia H. Elkamchouchi³, Amira Sayed A. Aziz⁴, Manar Ahmed Hamza^5,*, Abdelwahed Motwakel⁵, Abu Sarwar Zamani⁵, Ishfaq Yaseen⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5491-5507, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.031345
Abstract Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a vital element in Internet of Things (IoT) as the former enables the collection of huge quantities of data in energy-constrained environment. WSN offers independent access to the target region and performs data collection in an effective manner. But energy constraints remain a challenging issue in WSN since it operates on in-built battery. The studies conducted earlier recommended that the energy spent on communication process must be considerably reduced to improve the efficiency of WSN. Cluster organization and optimal selection of the routes are considered as NP hard optimization problems which can be resolved with… More >

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527

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Jun-Ping Yao¹, Kai-Yuan Cheng^1,*, Meng-Meng Ge², Xiao-Jun Li¹, Yi-Jing Wang¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5509-5524, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030150
Abstract Recommendation algorithms regard user-item interaction as a sequence to capture the user’s short-term preferences, but conventional algorithms cannot capture information of constantly-changing user interest in complex contexts. In these years, combining the knowledge graph with sequential recommendation has gained momentum. The advantages of knowledge graph-based recommendation systems are that more semantic associations can improve the accuracy of recommendations, rich association facts can increase the diversity of recommendations, and complex relational paths can hence the interpretability of recommendations. But the information in the knowledge graph, such as entities and relations, often fails to be fully utilized and high-order connectivity is unattainable… More >

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636

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Ahmed M. Agwa¹, Mohamed Abdeen², Shaaban M. Shaaban^1,3,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5525-5541, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.031580
Abstract In this study, a bald eagle optimizer (BEO) is used to get optimal parameters of the fractional-order proportional–integral–derivative (FOPID) controller for load frequency control (LFC). Since BEO takes only a very short time in finding the optimal solution, it is selected for designing the FOPID controller that improves the system stability and maintains the frequency within a satisfactory range at different loads. Simulations and demonstrations are carried out using MATLAB-R2020b. The performance of the BEO-FOPID controller is evaluated using a two-zone interlinked power system at different loads and under uncertainty of wind and solar energies. The robustness of the BEO-FOPID… More >

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519

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Thavavel Vaiyapuri¹, S. Srinivasan², Mohamed Yacin Sikkandar³, T. S. Balaji^4,5, Seifedine Kadry⁶, Maytham N. Meqdad⁷, Yunyoung Nam^8,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5543-5557, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.023919
Abstract In past decades, retinal diseases have become more common and affect people of all age grounds over the globe. For examining retinal eye disease, an artificial intelligence (AI) based multilabel classification model is needed for automated diagnosis. To analyze the retinal malady, the system proposes a multiclass and multi-label arrangement method. Therefore, the classification frameworks based on features are explicitly described by ophthalmologists under the application of domain knowledge, which tends to be time-consuming, vulnerable generalization ability, and unfeasible in massive datasets. Therefore, the automated diagnosis of multi-retinal diseases becomes essential, which can be solved by the deep learning (DL)… More >

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Nurbaity Sabri^1,2,*, Haza Nuzly Abdull Hamed¹, Zaidah Ibrahim³, Kamalnizat Ibrahim⁴, Mohd Adham Isa¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5559-5573, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029221
Abstract Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is a deformity of the spine that affects teenagers. The current method for detecting AIS is based on radiographic images which may increase the risk of cancer growth due to radiation. Photogrammetry is another alternative used to identify AIS by distinguishing the curves of the spine from the surface of a human’s back. Currently, detecting the curve of the spine is manually performed, making it a time-consuming task. To overcome this issue, it is crucial to develop a better model that automatically detects the curve of the spine and classify the types of AIS. This research… More >

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Ali Hanafiah Rambe¹, Muzammil Jusoh^2,3, Samir Salem Al-Bawri^4,5,*, Mahmoud A. Abdelghany^6,7
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5575-5587, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030902
Abstract This paper proposed integrating the communication system on the garment, which can be utilized to detect breast cancer at an early stage by using an ultra-wideband (UWB) wearable antenna. Breast cancer is an abnormal cell that is located in the breast tissue. Early detection of breast cancer plays an important role, and it helps in the long term for all women. The proposed UWB wearable antenna successfully operates at 3.1–10.6 GHz under an acceptable reflection coefficient of −10 dB. The fabricated wearable antenna was made from Shieldit Super and felt both conductive and nonconductive wearable materials. Few measurement studies of… More >

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Thongchai Botmart¹, Zulqurnain Sabir^2,3, Afaf S. Alwabli⁴, Salem Ben Said², Qasem Al-Mdallal², Maria Emilia Camargo⁵, Wajaree Weera^1,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5589-5607, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.032087
Abstract The motive of this work is to present a computational design using the stochastic scaled conjugate gradient (SCG) neural networks (NNs) called as SCGNNs for the socio-ecological dynamics (SED) with reef ecosystems and conservation estimation. The mathematical descriptions of the SED model are provided that is dependent upon five categories, macroalgae M(v), breathing coral C(v), algal turf T(v), the density of parrotfish P(v) and the opinion of human opinion X(v). The stochastic SCGNNs process is applied to formulate the SED model based on the sample statistics, testing, accreditation and training. Three different variations of the SED have been provided to… More >

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Woo Hyun Park¹, Isma Farah Siddiqui³, Nawab Muhammad Faseeh Qureshi^2,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5609-5624, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030235
Abstract With the advent of the big data era, security issues in the context of artificial intelligence (AI) and data analysis are attracting research attention. In the metaverse, which will become a virtual asset in the future, users’ communication, movement with characters, text elements, etc., are required to integrate the real and virtual. However, they can be exposed to threats. Particularly, various hacker threats exist. For example, users’ assets are exposed through notices and mail alerts regularly sent to users by operators. In the future, hacker threats will increase mainly due to naturally anonymous texts. Therefore, it is necessary to use… More >

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Saeed M. Alshahrani¹, Nayyar Ahmed Khan^1,*, Jameel Almalki², Waleed Al Shehri²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5625-5640, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030982
Abstract The continuous destruction and frauds prevailing due to phishing URLs make it an indispensable area for research. Various techniques are adopted in the detection process, including neural networks, machine learning, or hybrid techniques. A novel detection model is proposed that uses data mining with the Particle Swarm Optimization technique (PSO) to increase and empower the method of detecting phishing URLs. Feature selection based on various techniques to identify the phishing candidates from the URL is conducted. In this approach, the features mined from the URL are extracted using data mining rules. The features are selected on the basis of URL… More >

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619

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Samer Alabed^*, Mohammad Al-Rabayah, Wael Hosny Fouad Aly
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5641-5653, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030371
Abstract Rotman lens, which is a radio frequency beam-former that consists of multiple input and multiple output beam ports, can be used in industrial, scientific, and medical applications as a beam steering device. The input ports collect the signals to be propagated through the lens cavity toward the output ports before being transmitted by the antenna arrays to the destination in order to enhance the error performance by optimizing the overall signal to noise ratio (SNR). In this article, a low-cost Rotman lens antenna is designed and deployed to enhance the overall performance of the conventional cooperative communication systems without needing… More >

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Abeer Abdulaziz AlArfaj, Hanan Ahmed Hosni Mahmoud^*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5655-5669, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.031135
Abstract Lie detection test is highly significant task due to its impact on criminology and society. Computerized lie detection test model using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is studied in literature. In this paper we studied deep learning framework in lie detection test paradigm. First, we apply a preprocessing technique to utilize only a small fragment of the EEG image instead of the whole image. Our model describes a temporal feature map of the EEG signals measured during the lie detection test. A deep learning attention model (V-TAM) extracts the temporal map vector during the learning process. This technique reduces computational time and… More >

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Yongjiang Zhao, Jae Hung Yoo, Chang Gyoon Lim^*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5671-5686, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.027443
Abstract With the rapid economic growth and improved living standards, electricity has become an indispensable energy source in our lives. Therefore, the stability of the grid power supply and the conservation of electricity is critical. The following are some of the problems facing now: 1) During the peak power consumption period, it will pose a threat to the power grid. Enhancing and improving the power distribution infrastructure requires high maintenance costs. 2) The user's electricity schedule is unreasonable due to personal behavior, which will cause a waste of electricity. Controlling load as a vital part of incentive demand response (DR) can… More >

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Hong Lei^1,2,3, Jun Li^1,*, Suozai Li⁴, Ming Huang⁴, Jieren Cheng⁵, Yirui Bai¹, Xinman Luo¹, Chao Liu⁶
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5687-5702, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030995
Abstract The past decade has seen the rapid development of data in many areas. Data has enormous commercial potential as a new strategic resource that may efficiently boost technical growth and service innovation. However, individuals are becoming increasingly concerned about data misuse and leaks. To address these issues, in this paper, we propose TrustControl, a trusted data usage control system to control, process, and protect data usage without revealing privacy. A trusted execution environment (TEE) is exploited to process confidential user data. First of all, we design a secure and reliable remote attestation mechanism for ARM TrustZone, which can verify the… More >

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Harbi Al-Mahafzah¹, Tamer AbuKhalil¹, Bassam A. Y. Alqaralleh^2,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5703-5715, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030399
Abstract Biometric verification has become essential to authenticate the individuals in public and private places. Among several biometrics, iris has peculiar features and its working mechanism is complex in nature. The recent developments in Machine Learning and Deep Learning approaches enable the development of effective iris recognition models. With this motivation, the current study introduces a novel Chaotic Krill Herd with Deep Transfer Learning Based Biometric Iris Recognition System (CKHDTL-BIRS). The presented CKHDTL-BIRS model intends to recognize and classify iris images as a part of biometric verification. To achieve this, CKHDTL-BIRS model initially performs Median Filtering (MF)-based preprocessing and segmentation for… More >

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Arooj Nasir^1,2, Dumitru Baleanu^3,4,5, Ali Raza^6,*, Pervez Anwar⁷, Nauman Ahmed⁸, Muhammad Rafiq⁹, Tahir Nawaz Cheema¹⁰
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5717-5734, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.031879
Abstract In 2020, the reported cases were 0.12 million in the six regions to the official report of the World Health Organization (WHO). For most children infected with leprosy, 0.008629 million cases were detected under fifteen. The total infected ratio of the children population is approximately 4.4 million. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the awareness programs implementation has been disturbed. Leprosy disease still has a threat and puts people in danger. Nonlinear delayed modeling is critical in various allied sciences, including computational biology, computational chemistry, computational physics, and computational economics, to name a few. The time delay effect in treating leprosy… More >

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Abdullah A. Asiri¹, Muhammad Aamir², Ahmad Shaf^2,*, Tariq Ali², Muhammad Zeeshan³, Muhammad Irfan⁴, Khalaf A. Alshamrani¹, Hassan A. Alshamrani¹, Fawaz F. Alqahtani¹, Ali H. D. Alshehri¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5735-5753, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.031747
Abstract The precise brain tumor diagnosis is critical and shows a vital role in the medical support for treating tumor patients. Manual brain tumor segmentation for cancer analysis from many Magnetic Resonance Images (MRIs) created in medical practice is a problematic and timewasting task for experts. As a result, there is a critical necessity for more accurate computer-aided methods for early tumor detection. To remove this gap, we enhanced the computational power of a computer-aided system by proposing a fine-tuned Block-Wise Visual Geometry Group19 (BW-VGG19) architecture. In this method, a pre-trained VGG19 is fine-tuned with CNN architecture in the block-wise mechanism… More >

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Amal H. Alharbi, Hanan A. Hosni Mahmoud^*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5755-5769, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.032212
Abstract In the last decades, technology has used Copper for IC interconnect and it has been the best material used in the wire downsizing. However, Copper is now showing inefficiency as downscaling is getting deeper. Recent research starts to show Tungsten (W) as a possible replacement, for its better downsizing characteristic. The scaling-down of interconnects dimension has to be augmented with thin diffusion layers. It is crucial to subdue tungsten diffusion in the nickel-based thermal spray Flexicord (NiCrAlY) coating layers. Inappropriately, diffusion barriers with thicknesses less than 4.3 nm do not to execute well. With the introduction of two dimensional layers,… More >

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Doaa Sami Khafaga¹, El-Sayed M. El-kenawy^2,3, Faten Khalid Karim^1,*, Sameer Alshetewi⁴, Abdelhameed Ibrahim⁵, Abdelaziz A. Abdelhamid^6,7
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5771-5788, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.032229
Abstract Metamaterial Antennas are a type of antenna that uses metamaterial to enhance performance. The bandwidth restriction associated with small antennas can be solved using metamaterial antennas. Machine learning is gaining popularity as a way to improve solutions in a range of fields. Machine learning approaches are currently a big part of current research, and they’re likely to be huge in the future. The model utilized determines the accuracy of the prediction in large part. The goal of this paper is to develop an optimized ensemble model for forecasting the metamaterial antenna’s bandwidth and gain. The basic models employed in the… More >

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Saravanan Manikandan¹, Mosiur Rahaman¹, Yu-Lin Song^1,2,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5789-5808, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.031490
Abstract The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has evolved as an advancement over the conventional Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) in pursuing a more optimal intelligent transportation system that can provide various intelligent solutions and enable a variety of applications for vehicular traffic. Massive volumes of data are produced and communicated wirelessly among the different relayed entities in these vehicular networks, which might entice adversaries and endanger the system with a wide range of security attacks. To ensure the security of such a sensitive network, we proposed a distributed authentication mechanism for IoV based on blockchain technology as a distributed ledger with an… More >

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Fahad F. Alruwaili^*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5809-5824, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.031613
Abstract Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the hottest research topics in recent years, thanks to its dynamic working mechanism that integrates physical and digital world into a single system. IoT technology, applied in industries, is termed as Industrial IoT (IIoT). IIoT has been found to be highly susceptible to attacks from adversaries, based on the difficulties observed in IIoT and its increased dependency upon internet and communication network. Intentional or accidental attacks on these approaches result in catastrophic effects like power outage, denial of vital health services, disruption to civil service, etc., Thus, there is a need exists to… More >

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466

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Akbar Khan¹, Kushsairy Abdul Kadir^1,*, Jawad Ali Shah², Waleed Albattah³, Muhammad Saeed⁴, Haidawati Nasir⁵, Megat Norulazmi Megat Mohamed Noor⁵, Muhammad Haris Kaka Khel¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5825-5844, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.027077
Abstract With the rapid progress of deep convolutional neural networks, several applications of crowd counting have been proposed and explored in the literature. In congested scene monitoring, a variety of crowd density estimating approaches has been developed. The understanding of highly congested scenes for crowd counting during Muslim gatherings of Hajj and Umrah is a challenging task, as a large number of individuals stand nearby and, it is hard for detection techniques to recognize them, as the crowd can vary from low density to high density. To deal with such highly congested scenes, we have proposed the Congested Scene Crowd Counting… More >

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406

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Settawit Poochaya^1,*, Peerapong Uthansakul¹, Monthippa Uthansakul¹, Patikorn Anchuen², Kontorn Thammakul³, Arfat Ahmad Khan⁴, Niwat Punanwarakorn⁵, Pech Sirivoratum⁵, Aranya Kaewkrad⁵, Panrawee Kanpan⁵, Apichart Wantamee⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5845-5862, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.031162
Abstract The number of accidents in the campus of Suranaree University of Technology (SUT) has increased due to increasing number of personal vehicles. In this paper, we focus on the development of public transportation system using Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) along with the limitation of personal vehicles using sharing economy model. The SUT Smart Transit is utilized as a major public transportation system, while MoreSai@SUT (electric motorcycle services) is a minor public transportation system in this work. They are called Multi-Mode Transportation system as a combination. Moreover, a Vehicle to Network (V2N) is used for developing the Multi-Mode Transportation system in… More >

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496

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Samah Alshathri^1,*, Fatma M. Talaat², Aida A. Nasr³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5863-5885, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.026547
Abstract Virtual cloud network (VCN) usage is popular today among large and small organizations due to its safety and money-saving. Moreover, it makes all resources in the company work as one unit. VCN also facilitates sharing of files and applications without effort. However, cloud providers face many issues in managing the VCN on cloud computing including these issues: Power consumption, network failures, and data availability. These issues often occur due to overloaded and unbalanced load tasks. In this paper, we propose a new automatic system to manage VCN for executing the workflow. The new system called Multi-User Hybrid Scheduling (MUSH) can… More >

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468

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Saba Sana^*, Mohammad Shoaib
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5887-5909, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028046
Abstract Explainable recommendation systems deal with the problem of ‘Why’. Besides providing the user with the recommendation, it is also explained why such an object is being recommended. It helps to improve trustworthiness, effectiveness, efficiency, persuasiveness, and user satisfaction towards the system. To recommend the relevant information with an explanation to the user is required. Existing systems provide the top-k recommendation options to the user based on ratings and reviews about the required object but unable to explain the matched-attribute-based recommendation to the user. A framework is proposed to fetch the most specific information that matches the user requirements based on… More >

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452

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Yang Wu¹, Lei Guo¹, Xiaodong Dai¹, Bin Zhang¹, Dong-Won Park², Ming Ma^1,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5911-5924, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.031664
Abstract Action recognition has become a current research hotspot in computer vision. Compared to other deep learning methods, Two-stream convolutional network structure achieves better performance in action recognition, which divides the network into spatial and temporal streams, using video frame images as well as dense optical streams in the network, respectively, to obtain the category labels. However, the two-stream network has some drawbacks, i.e., using dense optical flow as the input of the temporal stream, which is computationally expensive and extremely time-consuming for the current extraction algorithm and cannot meet the requirements of real-time tasks. In this paper, instead of the… More >

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473

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Phung Nhu Hai¹, Nguyen Chi Thanh^1,*, Nguyen Thanh Trung², Tran Trung Kien¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5925-5941, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.031027
Abstract Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most common pathological conditions and the major global cause of death. Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a non-invasive method and plays an essential role in diagnosing CAD. However, there is currently a shortage of doctors who can diagnose using SPECT-MPI in developing countries, especially Vietnam. Research on deploying machine learning and deep learning in supporting CAD diagnosis has been noticed for a long time. However, these methods require a large dataset and are therefore time-consuming and labor-intensive. This study aims to develop a cost-effective and high-performance… More >

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527

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P. Ganeshkumar^*, Talal Albalawi
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5943-5959, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030388
Abstract

Internet of things (IoT) comprises many heterogeneous nodes that operate together to accomplish a human friendly or a business task to ease the life. Generally, IoT nodes are connected in wireless media and thus they are prone to jamming attacks. In the present scenario jamming detection (JD) by using machine learning (ML) algorithms grasp the attention of the researchers due to its virtuous outcome. In this research, jamming detection is modelled as a classification problem which uses several features. Using one/two or minimum number of features produces vague results that cannot be explained. Also the relationship between the feature and… More >

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Ngoc Thai Huynh¹, Tien V. T. Nguyen², Quoc Manh Nguyen^3,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5961-5983, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029484
Abstract To achieve high work performance for compliant mechanisms of motion scope, continuous work condition, and high frequency, we propose a new hybrid algorithm that could be applied to multi-objective optimum design. In this investigation, we use the tools of finite element analysis (FEA) for a magnification mechanism to find out the effects of design variables on the magnification ratio of the mechanism and then select an optimal mechanism that could meet design requirements. A poly-algorithm including the Grey-Taguchi method, fuzzy logic system, and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) algorithm, was utilized mainly in this study. The FEA outcomes indicated that… More >

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541

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Hanan M. Alghamdi¹, Saadia H.A. Hamza², Aisha M. Mashraqi³, Sayed Abdel-Khalek^4,5,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5985-5999, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.031732
Abstract World Wide Web enables its users to connect among themselves through social networks, forums, review sites, and blogs and these interactions produce huge volumes of data in various forms such as emotions, sentiments, views, etc. Sentiment Analysis (SA) is a text organization approach that is applied to categorize the sentiments under distinct classes such as positive, negative, and neutral. However, Sentiment Analysis is challenging to perform due to inadequate volume of labeled data in the domain of Natural Language Processing (NLP). Social networks produce interconnected and huge data which brings complexity in terms of expanding SA to an extensive array… More >

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450

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Hasnain Kashif^*, Muhammad Nasir Khan
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 6001-6017, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.031291
Abstract Recently, free space optical (FSO) communication is gaining much attention towards the research community. The reason for this attention is the promises of high data-rate, license-free deployment, and non-interfering links. It can, however, give rise to major system difficulties concerning alignment and atmospheric turbulence. FSO is the degradation in the signal quality because of atmospheric channel impairments and conditions. The worst effect is due to fog particles. Though, Radio Frequency (RF) links are able to transmit the data in foggy conditions but not in rain. To overcome these issues related to both the FSO and RF links. A free space… More >

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Anwer Mustafa Hilal^1,2,*, Aisha Hassan Abdalla Hashim¹, Heba G. Mohamed³, Mohammad Alamgeer^4,5, Mohamed K. Nour⁶, Anas Abdelrahman⁷, Abdelwahed Motwakel²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 6019-6035, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.031425
Abstract Smart Grid (SG) technologies enable the acquisition of huge volumes of high dimension and multi-class data related to electric power grid operations through the integration of advanced metering infrastructures, control systems, and communication technologies. In SGs, user demand data is gathered and examined over the present supply criteria whereas the expenses are then informed to the clients so that they can decide about electricity consumption. Since the entire procedure is valued on the basis of time, it is essential to perform adaptive estimation of the SG’s stability. Recent advancements in Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) models enable the… More >

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Rehan Ullah Khan¹, Ali Mustafa Qamar^2,*, Suliman A. Alsuhibany², Mohammed Alsuhaibani²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 6037-6046, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.031626
Abstract Bloom filter (BF) is a space-and-time efficient probabilistic technique that helps answer membership queries. However, BF faces several issues. The problems with traditional BF are generally two. Firstly, a large number of false positives can return wrong content when the data is queried. Secondly, the large size of BF is a bottleneck in the speed of querying and thus uses large memory. In order to solve the above two issues, in this article, we propose the check bits concept. From the implementation perspective, in the check bits approach, before saving the content value in the BF, we obtain the binary… More >

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520

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Dalwinder Singh¹, Deepak Prashar¹, Jimmy Singla¹, Arfat Ahmad Khan², Mohammed Al-Sarem^3,4,*, Neesrin Ali Kurdi³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 6047-6068, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.031255
Abstract The hepatitis B virus is the most deadly virus, which significantly affects the human liver. The termination of the hepatitis B virus is mandatory and can be done by taking precautions as well as a suitable cure in its introductory stage; otherwise, it will become a severe problem and make a human liver suffer from the most dangerous diseases, such as liver cancer. In this paper, two medical diagnostic systems are developed for the diagnosis of this life-threatening virus. The methodologies used to develop these models are fuzzy logic and the neuro-fuzzy technique. The diverse parameters that assist in the… More >

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Yousef Ibrahim Daradkeh^1,*, Volodymyr Gorokhovatskyi², Iryna Tvoroshenko², Medien Zeghid^3,4
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 6069-6084, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030254
Abstract The problem of image recognition in the computer vision systems is being studied. The results of the development of efficient classification methods, given the figure of processing speed, based on the analysis of the segment representation of the structural description in the form of a set of descriptors are provided. We propose three versions of the classifier according to the following principles: “object–etalon”, “object descriptor–etalon” and “vector description of the object–etalon”, which are not similar in level of integration of researched data analysis. The options for constructing clusters over the whole set of descriptions of the etalon database, separately for… More >

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M. Hashim Dahri¹, M. H. Jamaluddin², M. Inam³, M. R. Kamarudin⁴, F. C. Seman⁴, A. Y. I. Ashyap⁴, Z. A. Shamsan^5,*, K. Almuhanna⁵, F. Alorifi⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 6085-6101, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.031532
Abstract A reflectarray antenna consisting of asymmetrical patch elements is proposed, which is capable of producing dual linear and dual circular polarized operation at 26 GHz frequency. The main purpose of this design is to support four different polarizations using the same patch element. The proposed reflectarray has a single layer configuration with a linearly polarized feed and circular ring slots in the ground plane. Asymmetric patch element is designed from a square patch element by tilting its one vertical side to some optimized inclination. A wide reflection phase range of 600° is obtained with the asymmetric patch element during unit cell… More >

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Mohit Agarwal^1,*, Shikha Gupta²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 6103-6119, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030778
Abstract Task scheduling in highly elastic and dynamic processing environments such as cloud computing have become the most discussed problem among researchers. Task scheduling algorithms are responsible for the allocation of the tasks among the computing resources for their execution, and an inefficient task scheduling algorithm results in under-or over-utilization of the resources, which in turn leads to degradation of the services. Therefore, in the proposed work, load balancing is considered as an important criterion for task scheduling in a cloud computing environment as it can help in reducing the overhead in the critical decision-oriented process. In this paper, we propose… More >

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