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Jayaraj Thankappan¹, Delphin Raj Kesari Mary², Dong Jin Yoon³, Soo-Hyun Park^4,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.1, pp. 1053-1079, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.038437
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Innovations in Pervasive Computing and Communication Technologies)
Abstract Flooding is a hazardous natural calamity that causes significant damage to lives and infrastructure in the real world. Therefore, timely and accurate decision-making is essential for mitigating flood-related damages. The traditional flood prediction techniques often encounter challenges in accuracy, timeliness, complexity in handling dynamic flood patterns and leading to substandard flood management strategies. To address these challenges, there is a need for advanced machine learning models that can effectively analyze Internet of Things (IoT)-generated flood data and provide timely and accurate flood predictions. This paper proposes a novel approach-the Adaptive Momentum and Backpropagation (AM-BP) algorithm-for flood prediction and management in… More >

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Arslan Akram^1,2, Javed Rashid^2,3,4, Fahima Hajjej⁵, Sobia Yaqoob^1,6, Muhammad Hamid⁷, Asma Irshad⁸, Nadeem Sarwar^9,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.1, pp. 1081-1101, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.041558
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Big Data Analysis for Healthcare Applications)
Abstract Around one in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer at some time. Improved patient outcomes necessitate both early detection and an accurate diagnosis. Histological images are routinely utilized in the process of diagnosing breast cancer. Methods proposed in recent research only focus on classifying breast cancer on specific magnification levels. No study has focused on using a combined dataset with multiple magnification levels to classify breast cancer. A strategy for detecting breast cancer is provided in the context of this investigation. Histopathology image texture data is used with the wavelet transform in this technique. The proposed method comprises… More >

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Tian Ma, Chenhui Fu^*, Jiayi Yang, Jiehui Zhang, Chuyang Shang
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.1, pp. 1103-1122, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.042416
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances and Applications in Signal, Image and Video Processing)
Abstract Low-light image enhancement methods have limitations in addressing issues such as color distortion, lack of vibrancy, and uneven light distribution and often require paired training data. To address these issues, we propose a two-stage unsupervised low-light image enhancement algorithm called Retinex and Exposure Fusion Network (RF-Net), which can overcome the problems of over-enhancement of the high dynamic range and under-enhancement of the low dynamic range in existing enhancement algorithms. This algorithm can better manage the challenges brought about by complex environments in real-world scenarios by training with unpaired low-light images and regular-light images. In the first stage, we design a… More >

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Harsh Mankodiya¹, Priyal Palkhiwala¹, Rajesh Gupta^1,*, Nilesh Kumar Jadav¹, Sudeep Tanwar¹, Osama Alfarraj², Amr Tolba², Maria Simona Raboaca^3,4,*, Verdes Marina⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.1, pp. 1123-1142, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.038556
Abstract The amalgamation of artificial intelligence (AI) with various areas has been in the picture for the past few years. AI has enhanced the functioning of several services, such as accomplishing better budgets, automating multiple tasks, and data-driven decision-making. Conducting hassle-free polling has been one of them. However, at the onset of the coronavirus in 2020, almost all worldly affairs occurred online, and many sectors switched to digital mode. This allows attackers to find security loopholes in digital systems and exploit them for their lucrative business. This paper proposes a three-layered deep learning (DL)-based authentication framework to develop a secure online… More >

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Yi-Li Huang¹, Fang-Yie Leu^1,2,*, Ruey-Kai Sheu¹, Jung-Chun Liu¹, Chi-Jan Huang^2,3
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.1, pp. 1143-1164, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.037161
Abstract Currently, data security mainly relies on password (PW) or system channel key (SK_CH) to encrypt data before they are sent, no matter whether in broadband networks, the 5th generation (5G) mobile communications, satellite communications, and so on. In these environments, a fixed password or channel key (e.g., PW/SK_CH) is often adopted to encrypt different data, resulting in security risks since this PW/SK_CH may be solved after hackers collect a huge amount of encrypted data. Actually, the most popularly used security mechanism Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) has its own problems, e.g., several rounds have been solved. On the other hand, if… More >

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Farhan Amin, Gyu Sang Choi^*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.1, pp. 1165-1181, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.040693
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: The Next Generation of Artificial Intelligence and the Intelligent Internet of Things)
Abstract In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has played a vital role in providing various services to users in a smart city. However, searching for services, objects, data, and frameworks remains a concern. The technological advancements in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) and the Social Internet of Things (SIoT) open a new era of research. Thus, we propose a Cyber-Physical-Social Systems (CPSs) for service search. Herein, service search and object discovery operation carries with the suitable selection of friends in the network. Our proposed model constructs a graph and performs social network analysis (SNA). We suggest degree centrality, clustering, and scale-free… More >

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Baowei Wang^1,*, Luyao Shen², Junhao Zhang², Zenghui Xu², Neng Wang²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.1, pp. 1183-1207, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.040307
Abstract Digital watermarking technology is adequate for copyright protection and content authentication. There needs to be more research on the watermarking algorithm after printing and scanning. Aiming at the problem that existing anti-print scanning text image watermarking algorithms cannot take into account the invisibility and robustness of the watermark, an anti-print scanning watermarking algorithm suitable for text images is proposed. This algorithm first performs a series of image enhancement preprocessing operations on the printed scanned image to eliminate the interference of incorrect bit information on watermark embedding and then uses a combination of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)-Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to… More >

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P. Kalaiselvi^1,*, S. Anusuya²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.1, pp. 1209-1226, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.040264
Abstract In recent days, Deep Learning (DL) techniques have become an emerging transformation in the field of machine learning, artificial intelligence, computer vision, and so on. Subsequently, researchers and industries have been highly endorsed in the medical field, predicting and controlling diverse diseases at specific intervals. Liver tumor prediction is a vital chore in analyzing and treating liver diseases. This paper proposes a novel approach for predicting liver tumors using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and a depth-based variant search algorithm with advanced attention mechanisms (CNN-DS-AM). The proposed work aims to improve accuracy and robustness in diagnosing and treating liver diseases. The… More >

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Nourmeen Lotfy¹, Abdulaziz Shehab^1,2,*, Mohammed Elhoseny^1,3, Ahmed Abu-Elfetouh¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.1, pp. 1227-1249, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.039185
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Cognitive Computing and Systems in Education and Research)
Abstract Despite the extensive effort to improve intelligent educational tools for smart learning environments, automatic Arabic essay scoring remains a big research challenge. The nature of the writing style of the Arabic language makes the problem even more complicated. This study designs, implements, and evaluates an automatic Arabic essay scoring system. The proposed system starts with pre-processing the student answer and model answer dataset using data cleaning and natural language processing tasks. Then, it comprises two main components: the grading engine and the adaptive fusion engine. The grading engine employs string-based and corpus-based similarity algorithms separately. After that, the adaptive fusion… More >

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Maryam Bukhari¹, Sadaf Yasmin¹, Sheneela Naz², Mehr Yahya Durrani¹, Mubashir Javaid³, Jihoon Moon⁴, Seungmin Rho^5,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.1, pp. 1251-1279, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.040329
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Telehealth Monitoring with Man-Computer Interface for Medical Processing)
Abstract Effective smart healthcare frameworks contain novel and emerging solutions for remote disease diagnostics, which aid in the prevention of several diseases including heart-related abnormalities. In this context, regular monitoring of cardiac patients through smart healthcare systems based on Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals has the potential to save many lives. In existing studies, several heart disease diagnostic systems are proposed by employing different state-of-the-art methods, however, improving such methods is always an intriguing area of research. Hence, in this research, a smart healthcare system is proposed for the diagnosis of heart disease using ECG signals. The proposed framework extracts both linear and… More >

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Jigna Patel¹, Anand Ruparelia¹, Sudeep Tanwar^1,*, Fayez Alqahtani², Amr Tolba³, Ravi Sharma⁴, Maria Simona Raboaca^5,6,*, Bogdan Constantin Neagu⁷
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.1, pp. 1281-1301, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.038796
Abstract The overgrowth of weeds growing along with the primary crop in the fields reduces crop production. Conventional solutions like hand weeding are labor-intensive, costly, and time-consuming; farmers have used herbicides. The application of herbicide is effective but causes environmental and health concerns. Hence, Precision Agriculture (PA) suggests the variable spraying of herbicides so that herbicide chemicals do not affect the primary plants. Motivated by the gap above, we proposed a Deep Learning (DL) based model for detecting Eggplant (Brinjal) weed in this paper. The key objective of this study is to detect plant and non-plant (weed) parts from crop images.… More >

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Sikandar Khan¹, Khalid Saeed¹, Muhammad Faran Majeed^2,*, Salman A. AlQahtani³, Khursheed Aurangzeb³, Muhammad Shahid Anwar^4,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.1, pp. 1303-1323, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.039697
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Software-defined Internet-of-Vehicles (SD-IoV) leveraging AI, 5G and NFV)
Abstract Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) have the major problem of message delay in the network due to a lack of end-to-end connectivity between the nodes, especially when the nodes are mobile. The nodes in DTNs have limited buffer storage for storing delayed messages. This instantaneous sharing of data creates a low buffer/shortage problem. Consequently, buffer congestion would occur and there would be no more space available in the buffer for the upcoming messages. To address this problem a buffer management policy is proposed named “A Novel and Proficient Buffer Management Technique (NPBMT) for the Internet of Vehicle-Based DTNs”. NPBMT combines appropriate-size… More >

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M. A. P. Manimekalai¹, M. Karthikeyan¹, I. Thusnavis Bella Mary¹, K. Martin Sagayam¹, Ahmed A Elngar², Unai Fernandez-Gamiz³, Hatıra Günerhan^4,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.1, pp. 1325-1353, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.035856
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Artificial Intelligence-based Smart Sensors for Industrial IoT Applications)
Abstract This paper proposes a cryptographic technique on images based on the Sudoku solution. Sudoku is a number puzzle, which needs applying defined protocols and filling the empty boxes with numbers. Given a small size of numbers as input, solving the sudoku puzzle yields an expanded big size of numbers, which can be used as a key for the Encryption/Decryption of images. In this way, the given small size of numbers can be stored as the prime key, which means the key is compact. A prime key clue in the sudoku puzzle always leads to only one solution, which means the… More >

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Mesfer Al Duhayyim¹, Majdy M. Eltahir², Ola Abdelgney Omer Ali³, Amani Abdulrahman Albraikan⁴, Fahd N. Al-Wesabi², Anwer Mustafa Hilal^5,*, Manar Ahmed Hamza⁵, Mohammed Rizwanullah⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.1, pp. 1355-1371, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.024198
Abstract Earth resource and environmental monitoring are essential areas that can be used to investigate the environmental conditions and natural resources supporting sustainable policy development, regulatory measures, and their implementation elevating the environment. Large-scale forest fire is considered a major harmful hazard that affects climate change and life over the globe. Therefore, the early identification of forest fires using automated tools is essential to avoid the spread of fire to a large extent. Therefore, this paper focuses on the design of automated forest fire detection using a fusion-based deep learning (AFFD-FDL) model for environmental monitoring. The AFFD-FDL technique involves the design… More >

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366

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Wenqiu Zhu^1,2, Yongsheng Li^1,2, Qiang Liu^1,2,*, Zhigao Zeng^1,2
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.1, pp. 1373-1392, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.037216
Abstract Aiming at the problems of short duration, low intensity, and difficult detection of micro-expressions (MEs), the global and local features of ME video frames are extracted by combining spatial feature extraction and temporal feature extraction. Based on traditional convolution neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM), a recognition method combining global identification attention network (GIA), block identification attention network (BIA) and bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) is proposed. In the BIA, the ME video frame will be cropped, and the training will be carried out by cropping into 24 identification blocks (IBs), 10 IBs and uncropped IBs. To alleviate… More >

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