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• Blockchain-Based Light-Weighted Provable Data Possession for Low Performance Devices
• Yining Qi^1,2,*, Zhen Yang³, Yubo Luo⁴, Yongfeng Huang^1,2, Xing Li^1,2
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2205-2221, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.027939
• Abstract Provable Data Possession (PDP) schemes have long been proposed to solve problem of how to check the integrity of data stored in cloud service without downloading. However, with the emerging of network consisting of low performance devices such as Internet of Things, we find that there are still two obstacles for applying PDP schemes. The first one is the heavy computation overhead in generating tags for data blocks, which is essential for setting up any PDP scheme. The other one is how to resist collusion attacks from third party auditors with any possible entities participating the auditing. In this paper,… More
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• Root-Of-Trust for Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment Pipeline in Cloud Computing
• Abdul Saboor^1,*, Mohd Fadzil Hassan², Rehan Akbar¹, Erwin Susanto³, Syed Nasir Mehmood Shah⁴, Muhammad Aadil Siddiqui⁵, Saeed Ahmed Magsi⁵
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2223-2239, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028382
• Abstract Cloud computing has gained significant use over the last decade due to its several benefits, including cost savings associated with setup, deployments, delivery, physical resource sharing across virtual machines, and availability of on-demand cloud services. However, in addition to usual threats in almost every computing environment, cloud computing has also introduced a set of new threats as consumers share physical resources due to the physical co-location paradigm. Furthermore, since there are a growing number of attacks directed at cloud environments (including dictionary attacks, replay code attacks, denial of service attacks, rootkit attacks, code injection attacks, etc.), customers require additional assurances… More
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• Metaheuristic Optimization for Mobile Robot Navigation Based on Path Planning
• El-Sayed M. El-kenawy^1,2, Zeeshan Shafi Khan^3,*, Abdelhameed Ibrahim⁴, Bandar Abdullah Aloyaydi⁵, Hesham Arafat Ali^2,4, Ali E. Takieldeen²
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2241-2255, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.026672
• Abstract Recently, the path planning problem may be considered one of the most interesting researched topics in autonomous robotics. That is why finding a safe path in a cluttered environment for a mobile robot is a significant requisite. A promising route planning for mobile robots on one side saves time and, on the other side, reduces the wear and tear on the robot, saving the capital investment. Numerous route planning methods for the mobile robot have been developed and applied. According to our best knowledge, no method offers an optimum solution among the existing methods. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), a numerical… More
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• Automating Transfer Credit Assessment-A Natural Language Processing-Based Approach
• Dhivya Chandrasekaran^*, Vijay Mago
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2257-2274, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.027236
• Abstract Student mobility or academic mobility involves students moving between institutions during their post-secondary education, and one of the challenging tasks in this process is to assess the transfer credits to be offered to the incoming student. In general, this process involves domain experts comparing the learning outcomes of the courses, to decide on offering transfer credits to the incoming students. This manual implementation is not only labor-intensive but also influenced by undue bias and administrative complexity. The proposed research article focuses on identifying a model that exploits the advancements in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) to effectively automate… More
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• Optimal IoT Based Improved Deep Learning Model for Medical Image Classification
• Prasanalakshmi Balaji^1,*, B. Sri Revathi², Praveetha Gobinathan³, Shermin Shamsudheen³, Thavavel Vaiyapuri⁴
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2275-2291, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028560
• Abstract Recently medical image classification plays a vital role in medical image retrieval and computer-aided diagnosis system. Despite deep learning has proved to be superior to previous approaches that depend on handcrafted features; it remains difficult to implement because of the high intra-class variance and inter-class similarity generated by the wide range of imaging modalities and clinical diseases. The Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare systems is quickly becoming a viable alternative for delivering high-quality medical treatment in today’s e-healthcare systems. In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has been identified as one of the most interesting research subjects in… More
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• HDLIDP: A Hybrid Deep Learning Intrusion Detection and Prevention Framework
• Magdy M. Fadel^1,*, Sally M. El-Ghamrawy², Amr M. T. Ali-Eldin¹, Mohammed K. Hassan³, Ali I. El-Desoky¹
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2293-2312, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028287
• Abstract Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks are designed to interrupt network services such as email servers and webpages in traditional computer networks. Furthermore, the enormous number of connected devices makes it difficult to operate such a network effectively. Software defined networks (SDN) are networks that are managed through a centralized control system, according to researchers. This controller is the brain of any SDN, composing the forwarding table of all data plane network switches. Despite the advantages of SDN controllers, DDoS attacks are easier to perpetrate than on traditional networks. Because the controller is a single point of failure, if it fails, the… More
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• Cache Memory Design for Single Bit Architecture with Different Sense Amplifiers
• Reeya Agrawal^1,*, Anjan Kumar¹, Salman A. AlQahtani², Mashael Maashi³, Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf⁴, Theyazn H. H. Aldhyani⁵
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2313-2331, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029019
• Abstract Most modern microprocessors have one or two levels of on-chip caches to make things run faster, but this is not always the case. Most of the time, these caches are made of static random access memory cells. They take up a lot of space on the chip and use a lot of electricity. A lot of the time, low power is more important than several aspects. This is true for phones and tablets. Cache memory design for single bit architecture consists of six transistors static random access memory cell, a circuit of write driver, and sense amplifiers (such as voltage… More
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• A Novel Integrated Learning Scheme for Predictive Diagnosis of Critical Care Patient
• Sarika R. Khope¹, Susan Elias^2,*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2333-2350, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029423
• Abstract Machine learning has proven to be one of the efficient solutions for analyzing complex data to perform identification and classification. With a large number of learning tools and techniques, the health section has significantly benefited from solving the diagnosis problems. This paper has reviewed some of the recent scientific implementations on learning-based schemes to find that existing studies of learning have mainly focused on predictive analysis with less emphasis on preprocessing and more inclination towards adopting sophisticated learning schemes that offer higher accuracy at the cost of the higher computational burden. Therefore, the proposed method addresses the concern mentioned above… More
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• Threefold Optimized Forecasting of Electricity Consumption in Higher Education Institutions
• Majida Kazmi^1,*, Hashim Raza Khan^1,2, Lubaba², Mohammad Hashir Bin Khalid², Saad Ahmed Qazi^1,2
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2351-2370, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.026265
• Abstract Energy management benefits both consumers and utility companies alike. Utility companies remain interested in identifying and reducing energy waste and theft, whereas consumers’ interest remain in lowering their energy expenses. A large supply-demand gap of over 6 GW exists in Pakistan as reported in 2018. Reducing this gap from the supply side is an expensive and complex task. However, efficient energy management and distribution on demand side has potential to reduce this gap economically. Electricity load forecasting models are increasingly used by energy managers in taking real-time tactical decisions to ensure efficient use of resources. Advancement in Machine-learning (ML) technology… More
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• Transfer Learning for Chest X-rays Diagnosis Using Dipper Throated Algorithm
• Hussah Nasser AlEisa¹, El-Sayed M. El-kenawy^2,3, Amel Ali Alhussan^1,*, Mohamed Saber⁴, Abdelaziz A. Abdelhamid^5,6, Doaa Sami Khafaga¹
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2371-2387, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030447
• Abstract Most children and elderly people worldwide die from pneumonia, which is a contagious illness that causes lung ulcers. For diagnosing pneumonia from chest X-ray images, many deep learning models have been put forth. The goal of this research is to develop an effective and strong approach for detecting and categorizing pneumonia cases. By varying the deep learning approach, three pre-trained models, GoogLeNet, ResNet18, and DenseNet121, are employed in this research to extract the main features of pneumonia and normal cases. In addition, the binary dipper throated optimization (DTO) algorithm is utilized to select the most significant features, which are then… More
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• Pedestrian Physical Education Training Over Visualization Tool
• Tamara al Shloul¹, Israr Akhter², Suliman A. Alsuhibany³, Yazeed Yasin Ghadi⁴, Ahmad Jalal², Jeongmin Park^5,*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2389-2405, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.027007
• Abstract E-learning approaches are one of the most important learning platforms for the learner through electronic equipment. Such study techniques are useful for other groups of learners such as the crowd, pedestrian, sports, transports, communication, emergency services, management systems and education sectors. E-learning is still a challenging domain for researchers and developers to find new trends and advanced tools and methods. Many of them are currently working on this domain to fulfill the requirements of industry and the environment. In this paper, we proposed a method for pedestrian behavior mining of aerial data, using deep flow feature, graph mining technique, and… More
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• Smart-City-based Data Fusion Algorithm for Internet of Things
• Jawad Khan¹, Muhammad Amir Khan², N. Z. Jhanjhi^3,*, Mamoona Humayun⁴, Abdullah Alourani⁵
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2407-2421, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.026693
• Abstract Increasingly, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are contributing enormous amounts of data. Since the recent deployments of wireless sensor networks in Smart City infrastructures, significant volumes of data have been produced every day in several domains ranging from the environment to the healthcare system to transportation. Using wireless sensor nodes, a Smart City environment may now be shown for the benefit of residents. The Smart City delivers intelligent infrastructure and a stimulating environment to citizens of the Smart Society, including the elderly and others. Weak, Quality of Service (QoS) and poor data performance are common problems in WSNs, caused by the… More
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• Improved Metaheuristics with Machine Learning Enabled Medical Decision Support System
• Sara A. Althubiti¹, José Escorcia-Gutierrez^2,3,*, Margarita Gamarra⁴, Roosvel Soto-Diaz⁵, Romany F. Mansour⁶, Fayadh Alenezi⁷
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2423-2439, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028878
• Abstract Smart healthcare has become a hot research topic due to the contemporary developments of Internet of Things (IoT), sensor technologies, cloud computing, and others. Besides, the latest advances of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools find helpful for decision-making in innovative healthcare to diagnose several diseases. Ovarian Cancer (OC) is a kind of cancer that affects women’s ovaries, and it is tedious to identify OC at the primary stages with a high mortality rate. The OC data produced by the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices can be utilized to differentiate OC. In this aspect, this paper introduces a new quantum black… More
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• Development of Voice Control Algorithm for Robotic Wheelchair Using NIN and LSTM Models
• Mohsen Bakouri^1,2,*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2441-2456, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025106
• Abstract In this work, we developed and implemented a voice control algorithm to steer smart robotic wheelchairs (SRW) using the neural network technique. This technique used a network in network (NIN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) structure integrated with a built-in voice recognition algorithm. An Android Smartphone application was designed and configured with the proposed method. A Wi-Fi hotspot was used to connect the software and hardware components of the system in an offline mode. To operate and guide SRW, the design technique proposed employing five voice commands (yes, no, left, right, no, and stop) via the Raspberry Pi and DC… More
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• A Compact Flexible Circularly Polarized Implantable Antenna for Biotelemetry Applications
• Sarosh Ahmad^1,*, Shakir Ullah², Adnan Ghaffar³, Daniel Segovia Vargas¹
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2457-2472, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025527
• Abstract With the help of in-body antennas, the wireless communication among the implantable medical devices (IMDs) and exterior monitoring equipment, the telemetry system has brought us many benefits. Thus, a very thin-profile circularly polarized (CP) in-body antenna, functioning in ISM band at 2.45 GHz, is proposed. A tapered coplanar waveguide (CPW) method is used to excite the antenna. The radiator contains a pentagonal shape with five horizontal slits inside to obtain a circular polarization behavior. A bendable Roger Duroid RT5880 material (ε_r = 2.2, tanδ = 0.0009) with a typical 0.25 mm-thickness is used as a substrate. The proposed antenna has… More
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• Research on the Design Method of Equipment in Service Assessment Subjects
• Jianhua Luo, Yuhang Zhou^*, Hua Li, Xi Chen, Xigong Xia
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2473-2484, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029640
• Abstract Combined with equipment activities such as combat readiness, training, exercises and management, it is proposed that the design of equipment in-service assessment subjects should follow the principles of combination, stage and operability. Focusing on the design of equipment in-service assessment subjects, a design method for in-service assessment subjects based on the combination of trial and training mode is proposed. Based on the actual use of high-equipment use management and training and the established indicator system, the army’s bottom-level equipment activity subjects and bottom-level assessments are combined. The indicators are mapped and analyzed. Through multiple rounds of iterations, the mapping relationship… More
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• Fuzzy Multi-criteria Decision Making for Decision Support in Port Capacity Upgrade
• Chia-Nan Wang, Tien–Lin Chao^*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2485-2494, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.026682
• Abstract In many port capacity upgrade projects, choosing a supplier of equipment is a complicated decision, project managers must consider many criteria to choose a supplier to ensure the project is completed on time, optimal in terms of benefit and cost. Therefore, selecting the equipment supplier in this project is a multi-criteria decision-making process. The multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model is applied in many fields to select the optimal solution, but there are very few studies using the MCDM model to support project managers in evaluating and selecting optimal solutions in port capacity upgrade project. In this research, the authors combine Fuzzy… More
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• SAFT-VNDN: A Socially-Aware Forwarding Technique in Vehicular Named Data Networking
• Amel Boudelaa¹, Zohra Abdelhafidi¹, Nasreddine Lagraa¹, Chaker Abdelaziz Kerrache¹, Muhammad Bilal², Daehan Kwak^3,*, Mohamed Bachir Yagoubi¹
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2495-2512, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028619
• Abstract Vehicular Social Networks (VSNs) is the bridge of social networks and Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs). VSNs are promising as they allow the exchange of various types of contents in large-scale through Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication protocols. Vehicular Named Data Networking (VNDN) is an auspicious communication paradigm for the challenging VSN environment since it can optimize content dissemination by decoupling contents from their physical locations. However, content dissemination and caching represent crucial challenges in VSNs due to short link lifetime and intermittent connectivity caused by vehicles’ high mobility. Our aim with this paper is to improve content delivery and… More
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• An Automated and Real-time Approach of Depression Detection from Facial Micro-expressions
• Ghulam Gilanie¹, Mahmood ul Hassan², Mutyyba Asghar¹, Ali Mustafa Qamar^3,*, Hafeez Ullah⁴, Rehan Ullah Khan⁵, Nida Aslam⁶, Irfan Ullah Khan⁶
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2513-2528, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028229
• Abstract Depression is a mental psychological disorder that may cause a physical disorder or lead to death. It is highly impactful on the social-economical life of a person; therefore, its effective and timely detection is needful. Despite speech and gait, facial expressions have valuable clues to depression. This study proposes a depression detection system based on facial expression analysis. Facial features have been used for depression detection using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). We extracted micro-expressions using Facial Action Coding System (FACS) as Action Units (AUs) correlated with the sad, disgust, and contempt features for depression detection.… More
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• Multi-Level Feature Aggregation-Based Joint Keypoint Detection and Description
• Jun Li¹, Xiang Li¹, Yifei Wei^1,*, Mei Song¹, Xiaojun Wang²
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2529-2540, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029542
• Abstract Image keypoint detection and description is a popular method to find pixel-level connections between images, which is a basic and critical step in many computer vision tasks. The existing methods are far from optimal in terms of keypoint positioning accuracy and generation of robust and discriminative descriptors. This paper proposes a new end-to-end self-supervised training deep learning network. The network uses a backbone feature encoder to extract multi-level feature maps, then performs joint image keypoint detection and description in a forward pass. On the one hand, in order to enhance the localization accuracy of keypoints and restore the local shape… More
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• Deep Learning Enabled Object Detection and Tracking Model for Big Data Environment
• K. Vijaya Kumar¹, E. Laxmi Lydia², Ashit Kumar Dutta³, Velmurugan Subbiah Parvathy⁴, Gobi Ramasamy⁵, Irina V. Pustokhina^6,*, Denis A. Pustokhin⁷
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2541-2554, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028570
• Abstract Recently, big data becomes evitable due to massive increase in the generation of data in real time application. Presently, object detection and tracking applications becomes popular among research communities and finds useful in different applications namely vehicle navigation, augmented reality, surveillance, etc. This paper introduces an effective deep learning based object tracker using Automated Image Annotation with Inception v2 based Faster RCNN (AIA-IFRCNN) model in big data environment. The AIA-IFRCNN model annotates the images by Discriminative Correlation Filter (DCF) with Channel and Spatial Reliability tracker (CSR), named DCF-CSRT model. The AIA-IFRCNN technique employs Faster RCNN for object detection and tracking,… More
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• A Hybrid Duo-Deep Learning and Best Features Based Framework for Action Recognition
• Muhammad Naeem Akbar^1,*, Farhan Riaz¹, Ahmed Bilal Awan¹, Muhammad Attique Khan², Usman Tariq³, Saad Rehman²
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2555-2576, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028696
• Abstract Human Action Recognition (HAR) is a current research topic in the field of computer vision that is based on an important application known as video surveillance. Researchers in computer vision have introduced various intelligent methods based on deep learning and machine learning, but they still face many challenges such as similarity in various actions and redundant features. We proposed a framework for accurate human action recognition (HAR) based on deep learning and an improved features optimization algorithm in this paper. From deep learning feature extraction to feature classification, the proposed framework includes several critical steps. Before training fine-tuned deep learning… More
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• A Dynamic Reputation–based Consensus Mechanism for Blockchain
• Xiaofang Qiu^1,2, Zhi Qin^1,2,*, Wunan Wan^1,2, Jinquan Zhang^1,2, Jinliang Guo^1,2, Shibin Zhang^1,2, Jinyue Xia³
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2577-2589, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028757
• Abstract In recent years, Blockchain is gaining prominence as a hot topic in academic research. However, the consensus mechanism of blockchain has been criticized in terms of energy consumption and performance. Although Proof-of-Authority (PoA) consensus mechanism, as a lightweight consensus mechanism, is more efficient than traditional Proof-of-Work (PoW) and Proof-of-Stake (PoS), it suffers from the problem of centralization. To this end, on account of analyzing the shortcomings of existing consensus mechanisms, this paper proposes a dynamic reputation-based consensus mechanism for blockchain. This scheme allows nodes with reputation value higher than a threshold apply to become a monitoring node, which can monitor… More
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• A Unified Decision-Making Technique for Analysing Treatments in Pandemic Context
• Fawaz Alsolami¹, Abdullah Saad Al-Malaise Alghamdi², Asif Irshad Khan^1,*, Yoosef B. Abushark¹, Abdulmohsen Almalawi¹, Farrukh Saleem², Alka Agrawal³, Rajeev Kumar⁴, Raees Ahmad Khan³
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2591-2618, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025703
• Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a global humanitarian disaster that has never been seen before. Medical experts, on the other hand, are undecided on the most valuable treatments of therapy because people ill with this infection exhibit a wide range of illness indications at different phases of infection. Further, this project aims to undertake an experimental investigation to determine which treatments for COVID-19 disease is the most effective and preferable. The research analysis is based on vast data gathered from professionals and research journals, making this study a comprehensive reference. To solve this challenging task, the researchers used the HF… More
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• Optimization Ensemble Weights Model for Wind Forecasting System
• Amel Ali Alhussan¹, El-Sayed M. El-kenawy^2,3, Hussah Nasser AlEisa^1,*, M. El-SAID^4,5, Sayed A. Ward^6,7, Doaa Sami Khafaga¹
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2619-2635, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030445
• Abstract Effective technology for wind direction forecasting can be realized using the recent advances in machine learning. Consequently, the stability and safety of power systems are expected to be significantly improved. However, the unstable and unpredictable qualities of the wind predict the wind direction a challenging problem. This paper proposes a practical forecasting approach based on the weighted ensemble of machine learning models. This weighted ensemble is optimized using a whale optimization algorithm guided by particle swarm optimization (PSO-Guided WOA). The proposed optimized weighted ensemble predicts the wind direction given a set of input features. The conducted experiments employed the wind… More
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• A Compact Rhombus Shaped Antenna with Extended Stubs for Ultra-Wideband Applications
• Syed Misbah un Noor¹, Muhammad Amir Khan², Shahid Khan³, NZ Jhanjhi^4,*, Mamoona Humayun⁵, Hesham A. Alhumyan⁶
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2637-2650, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.026061
• Abstract Ultra-wideband (UWB) is highly preferred for short distance communication. As a result of this significance, this project targets the design of a compact UWB antennas. This paper describes a printed UWB rhombus-shaped antenna with a partial ground plane. To achieve wideband response, two stubs and a notch are incorporated at both sides of the rhombus design and ground plane respectively. To excite the antenna, a simple microstrip feed line is employed. The suggested antenna is built on a 1.6 mm thick FR4 substrate. The proposed design is very compact with overall electrical size of 0.18λ × 0.25λ (14 × 18… More
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• A Scalable Double-Chain Storage Module for Blockchain
• Hui Han^1,2, Wunan Wan^1,2,*, Jinquan Zhang^1,2, Zhi Qin^1,2, Xiaofang Qiu^1,2, Shibin Zhang^1,2, Jinyue Xia³
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2651-2662, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028607
• Abstract With the growing maturity of blockchain technology, its peer-to-peer model and fully duplicated data storage pattern enable blockchain to act as a distributed ledger in untrustworthy environments. Blockchain storage has also become a research hotspot in industry, finance, and academia due to its security, and its unique data storage management model is gradually becoming a key technology to play its value in various fields’ applications. However, with the increasing amount of data written into the blockchain, the blockchain system faces many problems in its actual implementation of the application, such as high storage space occupation, low data flexibility and availability,… More
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• Data Reliability and Sensors Lifetime in Bridge Health Monitoring using LoRaWAN-Zigbee
• Awad Ali^1,*, Reyazur Rashid Irshad¹, Ahmed Abdu Alattaab¹, Aamir Fatahayab²
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2663-2678, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028503
• Abstract The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is regarded as the fastest expanding technological trend in recent years due its application in a variety of sectors. In the monitoring region, several sensor nodes with various sensing capabilities are installed to gather appropriate data and communicate it to the gateway. The proposed system of the heterogeneous WSN employing LoRaWAN-Zigbee based hybrid communication is explored in this research study. To communicate in a network, two Long–Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) sensor clusters and two Zigbee sensor clusters are employed, together with two Zigbee and LoRaWAN converters. The suggested Golden eagle shepherd optimization (GESO) method… More
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• Construction and Optimization of TRNG Based Substitution Boxes for Block Encryption Algorithms
• Muhammad Fahad Khan^1,2,*, Khalid Saleem¹, Mohammed Alotaibi³, Mohammad Mazyad Hazzazi⁴, Eid Rehman², Aaqif Afzaal Abbasi², Muhammad Asif Gondal⁵
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2679-2696, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.027655
• Abstract Internet of Things is an ecosystem of interconnected devices that are accessible through the internet. The recent research focuses on adding more smartness and intelligence to these edge devices. This makes them susceptible to various kinds of security threats. These edge devices rely on cryptographic techniques to encrypt the pre-processed data collected from the sensors deployed in the field. In this regard, block cipher has been one of the most reliable options through which data security is accomplished. The strength of block encryption algorithms against different attacks is dependent on its nonlinear primitive which is called Substitution Boxes. For the… More
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• EEG Emotion Recognition Using an Attention Mechanism Based on an Optimized Hybrid Model
• Huiping Jiang^1,*, Demeng Wu¹, Xingqun Tang¹, Zhongjie Li¹, Wenbo Wu²
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2697-2712, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.027856
• Abstract Emotions serve various functions. The traditional emotion recognition methods are based primarily on readily accessible facial expressions, gestures, and voice signals. However, it is often challenging to ensure that these non-physical signals are valid and reliable in practical applications. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are more successful than other signal recognition methods in recognizing these characteristics in real-time since they are difficult to camouflage. Although EEG signals are commonly used in current emotional recognition research, the accuracy is low when using traditional methods. Therefore, this study presented an optimized hybrid pattern with an attention mechanism (FFT_CLA) for EEG emotional recognition. First, the… More
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• A Hybrid Security Framework for Medical Image Communication
• Walid El-Shafai^1,2, Hayam A. Abd El-Hameed³, Ashraf A. M. Khalaf³, Naglaa F. Soliman⁴, Amel A. Alhussan^5,*, Fathi E. Abd El-Samie¹
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2713-2730, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028739
• Abstract Authentication of the digital image has much attention for the digital revolution. Digital image authentication can be verified with image watermarking and image encryption schemes. These schemes are widely used to protect images against forgery attacks, and they are useful for protecting copyright and rightful ownership. Depending on the desirable applications, several image encryption and watermarking schemes have been proposed to moderate this attention. This framework presents a new scheme that combines a Walsh Hadamard Transform (WHT)-based image watermarking scheme with an image encryption scheme based on Double Random Phase Encoding (DRPE). First, on the sender side, the secret medical… More
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• Trustworthiness Evaluation for Permissioned Blockchain-Enabled Applications
• Shi-Cho Cha¹, Chuang-Ming Shiung¹, Wen-Wei Li¹, Chun-Neng Peng¹, Yi-Hsuan Hung¹, Kuo-Hui Yeh^2,3,*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2731-2755, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029161
• Abstract As permissioned blockchain becomes a common foundation of blockchain-based circumstances for current organizations, related stakeholders need a means to assess the trustworthiness of the applications involved within. It is extremely important to consider the potential impact brought by the Blockchain technology in terms of security and privacy. Therefore, this study proposes a rigorous security risk management framework for permissioned blockchain-enabled applications. The framework divides itself into different implementation domains, i.e., organization security, application security, consensus mechanism security, node management and network security, host security and perimeter security, and simultaneously provides guidelines to control the security risks of permissioned blockchain applications… More
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• Aortic Dissection Diagnosis Based on Sequence Information and Deep Learning
• Haikuo Peng¹, Yun Tan^1,*, Hao Tang², Ling Tan², Xuyu Xiang¹, Yongjun Wang², Neal N. Xiong³
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2757-2771, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029727
• Abstract Aortic dissection (AD) is one of the most serious diseases with high mortality, and its diagnosis mainly depends on computed tomography (CT) results. Most existing automatic diagnosis methods of AD are only suitable for AD recognition, which usually require preselection of CT images and cannot be further classified to different types. In this work, we constructed a dataset of 105 cases with a total of 49021 slices, including 31043 slices expert-level annotation and proposed a two-stage AD diagnosis structure based on sequence information and deep learning. The proposed region of interest (RoI) extraction algorithm based on sequence information (RESI) can… More
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• An Improved Approach to the Performance of Remote Photoplethysmography
• Yi Sheng¹, Wu Zeng^1,*, Qiuyu Hu¹, Weihua Ou², Yuxuan Xie³, Jie Li¹
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2773-2783, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.027985
• Abstract Heart rate is an important metric for determining physical and mental health. In recent years, remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) has been widely used in characterizing physiological signals in human subjects. Currently, research on non-contact detection of heart rate mainly focuses on the capture and separation of spectral signals from video imagery. However, this method is very sensitive to the movement of the test subject and light intensity variation, and this results in motion artifacts which presents challenges in extracting accurate physiological signals such as heart rate. In this paper, an improved method for rPPG signal preprocessing is proposed. Based on the… More
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• Super Compact UWB Monopole Antenna for Small IoT Devices
• Ahmed Jamal Abdullah Al-Gburi¹, Zahriladha Zakaria^1,*, Merih Palandoken², Imran Mohd Ibrahim¹, A. A. Althuwayb³, Sarosh Ahmad⁴, Samir Salem Al-Bawri⁵
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2785-2799, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028074
• Abstract This article introduces a novel, ultrawideband (UWB) planar monopole antenna printed on Roger RT/5880 substrate in a compact size for small Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The total electrical dimensions of the proposed compact UWB antenna are 0.19 λ_o × 0.215 λ_o × 0.0196 λ_o with the overall physical sizes of 15 mm × 17 mm × 1.548 mm at the lower resonance frequency of 3.8 GHz. The planar monopole antenna is fed through the linearly tapered microstrip line on a partially structured ground plane to achieve optimum impedance matching for UWB operation. The proposed compact UWB antenna has an… More
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• An Optimal Method for High-Resolution Population Geo-Spatial Data
• Rami Sameer Ahmad Al Kloub^*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2801-2820, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.027847
• Abstract Mainland China has a poor distribution of meteorological stations. Existing models’ estimation accuracy for creating high-resolution surfaces of meteorological data is restricted for air temperature, and low for relative humidity and wind speed (few studies reported). This study compared the typical generalized additive model (GAM) and autoencoder-based residual neural network (hereafter, residual network for short) in terms of predicting three meteorological parameters, namely air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed, using data from 824 monitoring stations across China’s mainland in 2015. The performance of the two models was assessed using a 10-fold cross-validation procedure. The air temperature models employ basic… More
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• Convergence of Stereo Vision-Based Multimodal YOLOs for Faster Detection of Potholes
• Sungan Yoon, Jeongho Cho^*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2821-2834, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.027840
• Abstract Road potholes can cause serious social issues, such as unexpected damages to vehicles and traffic accidents. For efficient road management, technologies that quickly find potholes are required, and thus researches on such technologies have been conducted actively. The three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction method has relatively high accuracy and can be used in practice but it has limited application owing to its long data processing time and high sensor maintenance cost. The two-dimensional (2D) vision method has the advantage of inexpensive and easy application of sensor. Recently, although the 2D vision method using the convolutional neural network (CNN) has shown improved pothole… More
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• A Secure Multiparty Quantum Homomorphic Encryption Scheme
• Jing-Wen Zhang¹, Xiu-Bo Chen^1,*, Gang Xu^2,3, Heng-Ji Li⁴, Ya-Lan Wang⁵, Li-Hua Miao⁶, Yi-Xian Yang¹
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2835-2848, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029125
• Abstract The significant advantage of the quantum homomorphic encryption scheme is to ensure the perfect security of quantum private data. In this paper, a novel secure multiparty quantum homomorphic encryption scheme is proposed, which can complete arbitrary quantum computation on the private data of multiple clients without decryption by an almost dishonest server. Firstly, each client obtains a secure encryption key through the measurement device independent quantum key distribution protocol and encrypts the private data by using the encryption operator and key. Secondly, with the help of the almost dishonest server, the non-maximally entangled states are pre-shared between the client and… More
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• Optimal Deep Transfer Learning Model for Histopathological Breast Cancer Classification
• Mahmoud Ragab^1,2,3,*, Alaa F. Nahhas⁴
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2849-2864, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028855
• Abstract Earlier recognition of breast cancer is crucial to decrease the severity and optimize the survival rate. One of the commonly utilized imaging modalities for breast cancer is histopathological images. Since manual inspection of histopathological images is a challenging task, automated tools using deep learning (DL) and artificial intelligence (AI) approaches need to be designed. The latest advances of DL models help in accomplishing maximum image classification performance in several application areas. In this view, this study develops a Deep Transfer Learning with Rider Optimization Algorithm for Histopathological Classification of Breast Cancer (DTLRO-HCBC) technique. The proposed DTLRO-HCBC technique aims to categorize… More
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• Statistical Analysis with Dingo Optimizer Enabled Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks
• Abdulaziz S. Alghamdi^1,*, Randa Alharbi², Suliman A. Alsuhibany³, Sayed Abdel-Khalek^4,5
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2865-2878, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028088
• Abstract Security is a vital parameter to conserve energy in wireless sensor networks (WSN). Trust management in the WSN is a crucial process as trust is utilized when collaboration is important for accomplishing trustworthy data transmission. But the available routing techniques do not involve security in the design of routing techniques. This study develops a novel statistical analysis with dingo optimizer enabled reliable routing scheme (SADO-RRS) for WSN. The proposed SADO-RRS technique aims to detect the existence of attacks and optimal routes in WSN. In addition, the presented SADO-RRS technique derives a new statistics based linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for attack… More
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• A Novel Metaheuristic Algorithm: The Team Competition and Cooperation Optimization Algorithm
• Tao Wu¹, Xinyu Wu¹, Jingjue Chen¹, Xi Chen^2,*, Amir Homayoon Ashrafzadeh³
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2879-2896, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028942
• Abstract Metaheuristic algorithm is a generalization of heuristic algorithm that can be applied to almost all optimization problems. For optimization problems, metaheuristic algorithm is one of the methods to find its optimal solution or approximate solution under limited conditions. Most of the existing metaheuristic algorithms are designed for serial systems. Meanwhile, existing algorithms still have a lot of room for improvement in convergence speed, robustness, and performance. To address these issues, this paper proposes an easily parallelizable metaheuristic optimization algorithm called team competition and cooperation optimization (TCCO) inspired by the process of human team cooperation and competition. The proposed algorithm attempts… More
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• Design and Implementation of a State-feedback Controller Using LQR Technique
• Aamir Shahzad^1,*, Shadi Munshi², Sufyan Azam², Muhammad Nasir Khan³
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2897-2911, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028441
• Abstract The main objective of this research is to design a state-feedback controller for the rotary inverted pendulum module utilizing the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) technique. The controller maintains the pendulum in the inverted (upright) position and is robust enough to reject external disturbance to maintain its stability. The research work involves three major contributions: mathematical modeling, simulation, and real-time implementation. To design a controller, mathematical modeling has been done by employing the Newton-Euler, Lagrange method. The resulting model was nonlinear so linearization was required, which has been done around a working point. For the estimation of the controller parameters, MATLAB… More
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• Mordell Elliptic Curve Based Design of Nonlinear Component of Block Cipher
• Hafeez ur Rehman^1,*, Tariq Shah¹, Mohammad Mazyad Hazzazi², Ali Alshehri³, Bassfar Zaid⁴
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2913-2930, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028765
• Abstract Elliptic curves (ECs) are deemed one of the most solid structures against modern computational attacks because of their small key size and high security. In many well-known cryptosystems, the substitution box (S-box) is used as the only nonlinear portion of a security system. Recently, it has been shown that using dynamic S-boxes rather than static S-boxes increases the security of a cryptosystem. The conferred study also extends the practical application of ECs in designing the nonlinear components of block ciphers in symmetric key cryptography. In this study, instead of the Mordell elliptic curve (MEC) over the prime field, the Galois… More
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• Criss-Cross Attentional Siamese Networks for Object Tracking
• Zhangdong Wang¹, Jiaohua Qin^1,*, Xuyu Xiang¹, Yun Tan¹, Neal N. Xiong²
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2931-2946, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028896
• Abstract Visual object tracking is a hot topic in recent years. In the meanwhile, Siamese networks have attracted extensive attention in this field because of its balanced precision and speed. However, most of the Siamese network methods can only distinguish foreground from the non-semantic background. The fine-tuning and retraining of fully-convolutional Siamese networks for object tracking(SiamFC) can achieve higher precision under interferences, but the tracking accuracy is still not ideal, especially in the environment with more target interferences, dim light, and shadows. In this paper, we propose criss-cross attentional Siamese networks for object tracking (SiamCC). To solve the imbalance between foreground… More
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• Development of Data Mining Models Based on Features Ranks Voting (FRV)
• Mofreh A. Hogo^*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2947-2966, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.027300
• Abstract Data size plays a significant role in the design and the performance of data mining models. A good feature selection algorithm reduces the problems of big data size and noise due to data redundancy. Features selection algorithms aim at selecting the best features and eliminating unnecessary ones, which in turn simplifies the structure of the data mining model as well as increases its performance. This paper introduces a robust features selection algorithm, named Features Ranking Voting Algorithm FRV. It merges the benefits of the different features selection algorithms to specify the features ranks in the dataset correctly and robustly; based… More
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• Recognition of Urdu Handwritten Alphabet Using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
• Gulzar Ahmed¹, Tahir Alyas², Muhammad Waseem Iqbal^3,*, Muhammad Usman Ashraf⁴, Ahmed Mohammed Alghamdi⁵, Adel A. Bahaddad⁶, Khalid Ali Almarhabi⁷
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2967-2984, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029314
• Abstract Handwritten character recognition systems are used in every field of life nowadays, including shopping malls, banks, educational institutes, etc. Urdu is the national language of Pakistan, and it is the fourth spoken language in the world. However, it is still challenging to recognize Urdu handwritten characters owing to their cursive nature. Our paper presents a Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) model to recognize Urdu handwritten alphabet recognition (UHAR) offline and online characters. Our research contributes an Urdu handwritten dataset (aka UHDS) to empower future works in this field. For offline systems, optical readers are used for extracting the alphabets, while diagonal-based… More
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• NLP-Based Subject with Emotions Joint Analytics for Epidemic Articles
• Woo Hyun Park¹, Isma Farah Siddiqui², Dong Ryeol Shin¹, Nawab Muhammad Faseeh Qureshi^3,*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 2985-3001, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028241
• Abstract For the last couple years, governments and health authorities worldwide have been focused on addressing the Covid-19 pandemic; for example, governments have implemented countermeasures, such as quarantining, pushing vaccine shots to minimize local spread, investigating and analyzing the virus’ characteristics, and conducting epidemiological investigations through patient management and tracers. Therefore, researchers worldwide require funding to achieve these goals. Furthermore, there is a need for documentation to investigate and trace disease characteristics. However, it is time consuming and resource intensive to work with documents comprising many types of unstructured data. Therefore, in this study, natural language processing technology is used to… More
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• An Asset-Based Approach to Mitigate Zero-Day Ransomware Attacks
• Farag Azzedin^*, Husam Suwad, Md Mahfuzur Rahman
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3003-3020, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028646
• Abstract This article presents an asset-based security system where security practitioners build their systems based on information they own and not solicited by observing attackers’ behavior. Current security solutions rely on information coming from attackers. Examples are current monitoring and detection security solutions such as intrusion prevention/detection systems and firewalls. This article envisions creating an imbalance between attackers and defenders in favor of defenders. As such, we are proposing to flip the security game such that it will be led by defenders and not attackers. We are proposing a security system that does not observe the behavior of the attack. On… More
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• Network Invulnerability Enhancement Algorithm Based on WSN Closeness Centrality
• Qian Sun^1,2, Fengbo Yang^1,2, Xiaoyi Wang^2,3, Jing Li^4,*, Jiping Xu^1,2, Huiyan Zhang^1,2, Li Wang^1,2, Jiabin Yu^1,2, Xiao Peng^1,2, Ruichao Wang⁵
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3021-3038, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029367
• Abstract Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an important part of the Internet of Things (IoT), which are used for information exchange and communication between smart objects. In practical applications, WSN lifecycle can be influenced by the unbalanced distribution of node centrality and excessive energy consumption, etc. In order to overcome these problems, a heterogeneous wireless sensor network model with small world characteristics is constructed to balance the centrality and enhance the invulnerability of the network. Also, a new WSN centrality measurement method and a new invulnerability measurement model are proposed based on the WSN data transmission characteristics. Simulation results show that… More
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• Cuckoo Optimized Convolution Support Vector Machine for Big Health Data Processing
• Eatedal Alabdulkreem¹, Jaber S. Alzahrani², Majdy M. Eltahir³, Abdullah Mohamed⁴, Manar Ahmed Hamza^5,*, Abdelwahed Motwakel⁵, Mohamed I. Eldesouki⁶, Mohammed Rizwanullah⁵
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3039-3055, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029835
• Abstract Big health data collection and storing for further analysis is a challenging task because this knowledge is big and has many features. Several cloud-based IoT health providers have been described in the literature previously. Furthermore, there are a number of issues related to time consumed and overall network performance when it comes to big data information. In the existing method, less performed optimization algorithms were used for optimizing the data. In the proposed method, the Chaotic Cuckoo Optimization algorithm was used for feature selection, and Convolutional Support Vector Machine (CSVM) was used. The research presents a method for analyzing healthcare… More
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• Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control with a Fractional-Order Integral Action
• Maâmar Bettayeb^1,3, Rachid Mansouri^2,*, Ubaid M. Al-Saggaf^3,4, Abdulrahman U. Alsaggaf^3,4, Mohammed Moinuddin^3,4
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3057-3079, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025751
• Abstract Linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) is a powerful control structure thanks to its performance in uncertainties, internal and external disturbances estimation and cancelation. An extended state observer (ESO) based controller is the key to the LADRC method. In this article, the LADRC scheme combined with a fractional-order integral action (FOI-LADRC) is proposed to improve the robustness of the standard LADRC. Using the robust closed-loop Bode’s ideal transfer function (BITF), an appropriate pole placement method is proposed to design the set-point tracking controller of the FOI-LADRC scheme. Numerical simulations and experimental results on a cart-pendulum system will illustrate the effectiveness… More
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• Optimal Deployment of Heterogeneous Nodes to Enhance Network Invulnerability
• Qian Sun^1,2, Fengbo Yang^1,2, Xiaoyi Wang^2,3,*, Jiping Xu^1,2, Huiyan Zhang^1,2, Li Wang^1,2, Jiabin Yu^1,2, Xiao Peng^1,2, Ruichao Wang⁴
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3081-3097, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029366
• Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSN) can be used in many fields. In wireless sensor networks, sensor nodes transmit data in multi hop mode. The large number of hops required by data transmission will lead to unbalanced energy consumption and large data transmission delay of the whole network, which greatly affects the invulnerability of the network. Therefore, an optimal deployment of heterogeneous nodes (ODHN) algorithm is proposed to enhance the invulnerability of the wireless sensor networks. The algorithm combines the advantages of DEEC (design of distributed energy efficient clustering) clustering algorithm and BAS (beetle antenna search) optimization algorithm to find the globally… More
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• R-IDPS: Real Time SDN-Based IDPS System for IoT Security
• Noman Mazhar^1,2, Rosli Saleh^1,*, Reza Zaba^1,3, Muhammad Zeeshan⁴, M. Muzaffar Hameed¹, Nauman Khan¹
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3099-3118, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028285
• Abstract The advent of the latest technologies like the Internet of things (IoT) transforms the world from a manual to an automated way of lifestyle. Meanwhile, IoT sector open numerous security challenges. In traditional networks, intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS) have been the key player in the market to ensure security. The challenges to the conventional IDPS are implementation cost, computing power, processing delay, and scalability. Further, online machine learning model training has been an issue. All these challenges still question the IoT network security. There has been a lot of research for IoT based detection systems to secure the… More
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• Efficient Segmentation Approach for Different Medical Image Modalities
• Walid El-Shafai^1,2, Amira A. Mahmoud¹, El-Sayed M. El-Rabaie¹, Taha E. Taha¹, Osama F. Zahran¹, Adel S. El-Fishawy¹, Naglaa F. Soliman³, Amel A. Alhussan^4,*, Fathi E. Abd El-Samie¹
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3119-3135, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028935
• Abstract This paper presents a study of the segmentation of medical images. The paper provides a solid introduction to image enhancement along with image segmentation fundamentals. In the first step, the morphological operations are employed to ensure image detail protection and noise-immunity. The objective of using morphological operations is to remove the defects in the texture of the image. Secondly, the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering algorithm is used to modify membership function based only on the spatial neighbors instead of the distance between pixels within local spatial neighbors and cluster centers. The proposed technique is very simple to implement and significantly… More
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• Anchor-free Siamese Network Based on Visual Tracking
• Shaozhe Guo¹, Yong Li^1,*, Xuyang Chen², Youshan Zhang¹
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3137-3148, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.026784
• Abstract The Visual tracking problem can usually be solved in two parts. The first part is to extract the feature of the target and get the candidate region. The second part is to realize the classification of the target and the regression of the bounding box. In recent years, Siameses network in visual tracking problem has always been a frontier research hotspot. In this work, it applies two branches namely search area and tracking template area for similar learning to track. Some related researches prove the feasibility of this network structure. According to the characteristics of two branch shared networks in… More
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• State of Health Estimation of LiFePO₄ Batteries for Battery Management Systems
• Areeb Khalid^1,*, Syed Abdul Rahman Kashif¹, Noor Ul Ain¹, Ali Nasir²
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3149-3164, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029322
• Abstract When considering the mechanism of the batteries, the capacity reduction at storage (when not in use) and cycling (during use) and increase of internal resistance is because of degradation in the chemical composition inside the batteries. To optimize battery usage, a battery management system (BMS) is used to estimate possible aging effects while different load profiles are requested from the grid. This is specifically seen in a case when the vehicle is connected to the net (online through BMS). During this process, the BMS chooses the optimized load profiles based on the least aging effects on the battery pack. The… More
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• Bilateral Contract for Load Frequency and Renewable Energy Sources Using Advanced Controller
• Krishan Arora¹, Gyanendra Prasad Joshi², Mahmoud Ragab^3,4,5,*, Muhyaddin Rawa^6,7,8, Ahmad H. Milyani^6,7, Romany F. Mansour⁹, Eunmok Yang¹⁰
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3165-3180, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.026966
• Abstract Reestablishment in power system brings in significant transformation in the power sector by extinguishing the possession of sound consolidated assistance. However, the collaboration of various manufacturing agencies, autonomous power manufacturers, and buyers have created complex installation processes. The regular active load and inefficiency of best measures among varied associates is a huge hazard. Any sudden load deviation will give rise to immediate amendment in frequency and tie-line power errors. It is essential to deal with every zone’s frequency and tie-line power within permitted confines followed by fluctuations within the load. Therefore, it can be proficient by implementing Load Frequency Control… More
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• Eighteen-Element Antenna for Metal-Rimmed Smartphone Sub-6 GHz LTE42 Band Applications
• Saqer S. Alja’Afreh^1,*, Mallak H. Alshamaileh¹, Eqab Almajali², Jawad Yousaf³, Amir Altaf⁴
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3181-3198, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029863
• Abstract Due to the limited space and large mutual coupling levels, the design of sub-6 GHz massive Multi-Input Multi-Output (m-MIMO) smartphone antenna system attracts antennas’ designers and engineers worldwide. Therefore, this paper presents 18-element m-MIMO antenna system that covers the long-term evolution 42 (LTE42) frequency band (3.4–3.6 GHz) for the fifth generation (5G) applications in metallic frame smartphones. The proposed array system is etched on the long sides of a metal rim of the mobile chassis symmetrically, which is electrically connected to the system ground plane with zero ground clearance. A low-profile frame of height 7 mm (λ/12.3) is symmetrically placed… More
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• Securing Consumer Internet of Things for Botnet Attacks: Deep Learning Approach
• Tariq Ahamed Ahanger^1,*, Abdulaziz Aldaej¹, Mohammed Atiquzzaman², Imdad Ullah¹, Mohammed Yousuf Uddin¹
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3199-3217, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.027212
• Abstract DDoS attacks in the Internet of Things (IoT) technology have increased significantly due to its spread adoption in different industrial domains. The purpose of the current research is to propose a novel technique for detecting botnet attacks in user-oriented IoT environments. Conspicuously, an attack identification technique inspired by Recurrent Neural networks and Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (BLRNN) is presented using a unique Deep Learning (DL) technique. For text identification and translation of attack data segments into tokenized form, word embedding is employed. The performance analysis of the presented technique is performed in comparison to the state-of-the-art DL techniques. Specifically,… More
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• Wind Driven Optimization-Based Medical Image Encryption for Blockchain-Enabled Internet of Things Environment
• C. S. S. Anupama¹, Raed Alsini², N. Supriya³, E. Laxmi Lydia⁴, Seifedine Kadry⁵, Sang-Soo Yeo⁶, Yongsung Kim^7,*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3219-3233, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030267
• Abstract Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain receive significant interest owing to their applicability in different application areas such as healthcare, finance, transportation, etc. Medical image security and privacy become a critical part of the healthcare sector where digital images and related patient details are communicated over the public networks. This paper presents a new wind driven optimization algorithm based medical image encryption (WDOA-MIE) technique for blockchain enabled IoT environments. The WDOA-MIE model involves three major processes namely data collection, image encryption, optimal key generation, and data transmission. Initially, the medical images were captured from the patient using IoT devices. Then,… More
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• Big Data Analytics with Artificial Intelligence Enabled Environmental Air Pollution Monitoring Framework
• Manar Ahmed Hamza^1,*, Hadil Shaiba², Radwa Marzouk³, Ahmad Alhindi⁴, Mashael M. Asiri⁵, Ishfaq Yaseen¹, Abdelwahed Motwakel¹, Mohammed Rizwanullah¹
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3235-3250, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029604
• Abstract Environmental sustainability is the rate of renewable resource harvesting, pollution control, and non-renewable resource exhaustion. Air pollution is a significant issue confronted by the environment particularly by highly populated countries like India. Due to increased population, the number of vehicles also continues to increase. Each vehicle has its individual emission rate; however, the issue arises when the emission rate crosses the standard value and the quality of the air gets degraded. Owing to the technological advances in machine learning (ML), it is possible to develop prediction approaches to monitor and control pollution using real time data. With the development of… More
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• Face Mask Recognition for Covid-19 Prevention
• Trong Hieu Luu¹, Phan Nguyen Ky Phuc^2,*, Zhiqiu Yu³, Duy Dung Pham¹, Huu Trong Cao¹
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3251-3262, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029663
• Abstract In recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted all aspects of social life. Due to ease in the infected method, i.e., through small liquid particles from the mouth or the nose when people cough, sneeze, speak, sing, or breathe, the virus can quickly spread and create severe problems for people’s health. According to some research as well as World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation, one of the most economical and effective methods to prevent the spread of the pandemic is to ask people to wear the face mask in the public space. A face mask will help prevent the droplet… More
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• Segmentation of Remote Sensing Images Based on U-Net Multi-Task Learning
• Ni Ruiwen¹, Mu Ye^1,2,3,4,*, Li Ji¹, Zhang Tong¹, Luo Tianye¹, Feng Ruilong¹, Gong He^1,2,3,4, Hu Tianli^1,2,3,4, Sun Yu^1,2,3,4, Guo Ying^1,2,3,4, Li Shijun^5,6, Thobela Louis Tyasi⁷
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3263-3274, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.026881
• Abstract In order to accurately segment architectural features in high-resolution remote sensing images, a semantic segmentation method based on U-net network multi-task learning is proposed. First, a boundary distance map was generated based on the remote sensing image of the ground truth map of the building. The remote sensing image and its truth map were used as the input in the U-net network, followed by the addition of the building ground prediction layer at the end of the U-net network. Based on the ResNet network, a multi-task network with the boundary distance prediction layer was built. Experiments involving the ISPRS aerial… More
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• Manta Ray Foraging Optimization with Machine Learning Based Biomedical Data Classification
• Amal Al-Rasheed¹, Jaber S. Alzahrani², Majdy M. Eltahir³, Abdullah Mohamed⁴, Anwer Mustafa Hilal^5,*, Abdelwahed Motwakel⁵, Abu Sarwar Zamani⁵, Mohamed I. Eldesouki⁶
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3275-3290, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029823
• Abstract The biomedical data classification process has received significant attention in recent times due to a massive increase in the generation of healthcare data from various sources. The developments of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models assist in the effectual design of medical data classification models. Therefore, this article concentrates on the development of optimal Stacked Long Short Term Memory Sequence-to-Sequence Autoencoder (OSAE-LSTM) model for biomedical data classification. The presented OSAE-LSTM model intends to classify the biomedical data for the existence of diseases. Primarily, the OSAE-LSTM model involves min-max normalization based pre-processing to scale the data into uniform format.… More
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• TP-MobNet: A Two-pass Mobile Network for Low-complexity Classification of Acoustic Scene
• Soonshin Seo¹, Junseok Oh², Eunsoo Cho², Hosung Park², Gyujin Kim², Ji-Hwan Kim^2,*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3291-3303, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.026259
• Abstract Acoustic scene classification (ASC) is a method of recognizing and classifying environments that employ acoustic signals. Various ASC approaches based on deep learning have been developed, with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) proving to be the most reliable and commonly utilized in ASC systems due to their suitability for constructing lightweight models. When using ASC systems in the real world, model complexity and device robustness are essential considerations. In this paper, we propose a two-pass mobile network for low-complexity classification of the acoustic scene, named TP-MobNet. With inverse residuals and linear bottlenecks, TP-MobNet is based on MobileNetV2, and following mobile blocks,… More
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• Optimal Kernel Extreme Learning Machine for COVID-19 Classification on Epidemiology Dataset
• Saud S. Alotaibi¹, Amal Al-Rasheed², Sami Althahabi³, Manar Ahmed Hamza^4,*, Abdullah Mohamed⁵, Abu Sarwar Zamani⁴, Abdelwahed Motwakel⁴, Mohamed I. Eldesouki⁶
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3305-3318, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029385
• Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) encompasses various domains such as Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), and other cognitive technologies which have been widely applied in healthcare sector. AI models are utilized in healthcare sector in which the machines are used to investigate and make decisions based on prediction and classification of input data. With this motivation, the current study involves the design of Metaheuristic Optimization with Kernel Extreme Learning Machine for COVID-19 Prediction Model on Epidemiology Dataset, named MOKELM-CPED technique. The primary aim of the presented MOKELM-CPED model is to accomplish effectual COVID-19 classification outcomes using epidemiology dataset. In the proposed… More
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• Support-Vector-Machine-based Adaptive Scheduling in Mode 4 Communication
• Muhammad Adnan Khan^1,2, Ahmed Abu-Khadrah³, Shahan Yamin Siddiqui⁴, Taher M. Ghazal^5,6, Tauqeer Faiz⁶, Munir Ahmad⁷, Sang-Woong Lee^2,*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3319-3331, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.023392
• Abstract Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are mobile networks that use and transfer data with vehicles as the network nodes. Thus, VANETs are essentially mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). They allow all the nodes to communicate and connect with one another. One of the main requirements in a VANET is to provide self-decision capability to the vehicles. Cognitive memory, which stores all the previous routes, is used by the vehicles to choose the optimal route. In networks, communication is crucial. In cellular-based vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication, vital information is shared using the cooperative awareness message (CAM) that is broadcast by each vehicle. Resources are… More
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• Key-Value Store Coupled with an Operating System for Storing Large-Scale Values
• Jeonghwan Im¹, Hyuk-Yoon Kwon^2,*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3333-3350, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029566
• Abstract The key-value store can provide flexibility of data types because it does not need to specify the data types to be stored in advance and can store any types of data as the value of the key-value pair. Various types of studies have been conducted to improve the performance of the key-value store while maintaining its flexibility. However, the research efforts storing the large-scale values such as multimedia data files (e.g., images or videos) in the key-value store were limited. In this study, we propose a new key-value store, WR-Store++ aiming to store the large-scale values stably. Specifically, it provides… More
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• Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Cooperative Cluster-Based Data Collection for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
• R. Rajender¹, C. S. S. Anupama², G. Jose Moses³, E. Laxmi Lydia⁴, Seifedine Kadry⁵, Sangsoon Lim^6,*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3351-3365, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030229
• Abstract In recent times, sixth generation (6G) communication technologies have become a hot research topic because of maximum throughput and low delay services for mobile users. It encompasses several heterogeneous resource and communication standard in ensuring incessant availability of service. At the same time, the development of 6G enables the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in offering cost and time-efficient solution to several applications like healthcare, surveillance, disaster management, etc. In UAV networks, energy efficiency and data collection are considered the major process for high quality network communication. But these procedures are found to be challenging because of maximum mobility, unstable links,… More
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• Weather Forecasting Prediction Using Ensemble Machine Learning for Big Data Applications
• Hadil Shaiba¹, Radwa Marzouk², Mohamed K Nour³, Noha Negm^4,5, Anwer Mustafa Hilal^6,*, Abdullah Mohamed⁷, Abdelwahed Motwakel⁶, Ishfaq Yaseen⁶, Abu Sarwar Zamani⁶, Mohammed Rizwanullah⁶
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3367-3382, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030067
• Abstract The agricultural sector’s day-to-day operations, such as irrigation and sowing, are impacted by the weather. Therefore, weather constitutes a key role in all regular human activities. Weather forecasting must be accurate and precise to plan our activities and safeguard ourselves as well as our property from disasters. Rainfall, wind speed, humidity, wind direction, cloud, temperature, and other weather forecasting variables are used in this work for weather prediction. Many research works have been conducted on weather forecasting. The drawbacks of existing approaches are that they are less effective, inaccurate, and time-consuming. To overcome these issues, this paper proposes an enhanced… More
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• A Novel Stochastic Framework for the MHD Generator in Ocean
• Sakda Noinang¹, Zulqurnain Sabir², Shumaila Javeed³, Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja⁴, Dostdar Ali³, Wajaree Weera^5,*, Thongchai Botmart⁵
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3383-3402, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029166
• Abstract This work aims to study the nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) system of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) past over an inclined plate using Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation neural networks (LMBNNs). The stochastic procedures LMBNNs are provided with three categories of sample statistics, testing, training, and verification. The nonlinear MHD system past over an inclined plate is divided into three profiles, dimensionless momentum, species (salinity), and energy (heat) conservations. The data is applied 15%, 10%, and 75% for validation, testing, and training to solve the nonlinear system of MHD past over an inclined plate. A reference data set is designed to compare the obtained and… More
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• A Deep Learning-Based Approach for Road Surface Damage Detection
• Bakhytzhan Kulambayev^1,*, Gulbakhram Beissenova^2,3, Nazbek Katayev⁴, Bayan Abduraimova⁵, Lyazzat Zhaidakbayeva², Alua Sarbassova⁶, Oxana Akhmetova⁷, Sapar Issayev⁴, Laura Suleimenova⁸, Syrym Kasenov⁶, Kunsulu Shadinova⁹, Abay Shyrakbayev¹⁰
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3403-3418, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029544
• Abstract Timely detection and elimination of damage in areas with excessive vehicle loading can reduce the risk of road accidents. Currently, various methods of photo and video surveillance are used to monitor the condition of the road surface. The manual approach to evaluation and analysis of the received data can take a protracted period of time. Thus, it is necessary to improve the procedures for inspection and assessment of the condition of control objects with the help of computer vision and deep learning techniques. In this paper, we propose a model based on Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN) architecture… More
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• Sign Language Recognition and Classification Model to Enhance Quality of Disabled People
• Fadwa Alrowais¹, Saud S. Alotaibi², Sami Dhahbi^3,4, Radwa Marzouk⁵, Abdullah Mohamed⁶, Anwer Mustafa Hilal^7,*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3419-3432, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029438
• Abstract Sign language recognition can be considered as an effective solution for disabled people to communicate with others. It helps them in conveying the intended information using sign languages without any challenges. Recent advancements in computer vision and image processing techniques can be leveraged to detect and classify the signs used by disabled people in an effective manner. Metaheuristic optimization algorithms can be designed in a manner such that it fine tunes the hyper parameters, used in Deep Learning (DL) models as the latter considerably impacts the classification results. With this motivation, the current study designs the Optimal Deep Transfer Learning… More
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• An Improved Handoff Algorithm for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks
• Deepak Dahiya¹, Payal Mahajan^2,*, Zaheeruddin², Mamta Dahiya³
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3433-3453, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.026676
• Abstract Heterogeneous Wireless Network is currently a major area of focus in communication engineering. But the important issue in recent communication is the approachability to the wireless networks while maintaining the quality of service. Today, all the wireless access networks are working in tandem to keep the users always connected to the internet cloud that matches the price affordability and performance goals. In order to achieve seamless connectivity, due consideration has to be given to handoff precision and a smaller number of handoffs. Several researchers have used heuristic approaches to solve this issue. In the present work, a hybrid intelligent algorithm… More
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• Hybrid Segmentation Approach for Different Medical Image Modalities
• Walid El-Shafai^1,2, Amira A. Mahmoud¹, El-Sayed M. El-Rabaie¹, Taha E. Taha¹, Osama F. Zahran¹, Adel S. El-Fishawy¹, Naglaa F. Soliman³, Amel A. Alhussan^4,*, Fathi E. Abd El-Samie¹
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3455-3472, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028722
• Abstract The segmentation process requires separating the image region into sub-regions of similar properties. Each sub-region has a group of pixels having the same characteristics, such as texture or intensity. This paper suggests an efficient hybrid segmentation approach for different medical image modalities based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and improved fast fuzzy C-means clustering (IFFCM) algorithms. An extensive comparative study on different medical images is presented between the proposed approach and other different previous segmentation techniques. The existing medical image segmentation techniques incorporate clustering, thresholding, graph-based, edge-based, active contour, region-based, and watershed algorithms. This paper extensively analyzes and summarizes the… More
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• Development of Mobile App to Support the Mobility of Visually Impaired People
• R. Meenakshi¹, R. Ponnusamy^1,*, Saleh Alghamdi², Osama Ibrahim Khalaf³, Youseef Alotaibi⁴
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3473-3495, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028540
• Abstract In 2017, it was estimated that the number of persons of all ages visually affected would be two hundred and eighty-five million, of which thirty-nine million are blind. There are several innovative technical solutions available to facilitate the movement of these people. The next big challenge for technical people is to give cost-effective solutions. One of the challenges for people with visual impairments is navigating safely, recognizing obstacles, and moving freely between locations in unfamiliar environments. A new mobile application solution is developed, and the application can be installed in android mobile. The application will visualize the environment with portable… More
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• TMTACS: Two-Tier Multi-Trust-Based Algorithm to Countermeasure the Sybil Attacks
• Meena Bharti^1,*, Shaveta Rani², Paramjeet Singh²
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3497-3512, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029072
• Abstract Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) have always been vulnerable to Sybil attacks in which users create fake nodes to trick the system into thinking they’re authentic. These fake nodes need to be detected and deactivated for security reasons, to avoid harming the data collected by various applications. The MANET is an emerging field that promotes trust management among devices. Transparency is becoming more essential in the communication process, which is why clear and honest communication strategies are needed. Trust Management allows for MANET devices with different security protocols to connect. If a device finds difficulty in sending a message to… More
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• Adversarial Training Against Adversarial Attacks for Machine Learning-Based Intrusion Detection Systems
• Muhammad Shahzad Haroon^*, Husnain Mansoor Ali
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3513-3527, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029858
• Abstract Intrusion detection system plays an important role in defending networks from security breaches. End-to-end machine learning-based intrusion detection systems are being used to achieve high detection accuracy. However, in case of adversarial attacks, that cause misclassification by introducing imperceptible perturbation on input samples, performance of machine learning-based intrusion detection systems is greatly affected. Though such problems have widely been discussed in image processing domain, very few studies have investigated network intrusion detection systems and proposed corresponding defence. In this paper, we attempt to fill this gap by using adversarial attacks on standard intrusion detection datasets and then using adversarial samples… More
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• Natural Language Processing with Optimal Deep Learning Based Fake News Classification
• Sara A. Althubiti¹, Fayadh Alenezi², Romany F. Mansour^3,*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3529-3544, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028981
• Abstract The recent advancements made in World Wide Web and social networking have eased the spread of fake news among people at a faster rate. At most of the times, the intention of fake news is to misinform the people and make manipulated societal insights. The spread of low-quality news in social networking sites has a negative influence upon people as well as the society. In order to overcome the ever-increasing dissemination of fake news, automated detection models are developed using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) methods. The latest advancements in Deep Learning (DL) models and complex Natural Language… More
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• Fast CU Partition for VVC Using Texture Complexity Classification Convolutional Neural Network
• Yue Zhang^1,3,4, Pengyu Liu^1,2,3,4,*, Xiaowei Jia⁵, Shanji Chen², Tianyu Liu^1,3,4, Chang Liu^1,3,4
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3545-3556, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028226
• Abstract Versatile video coding (H.266/VVC), which was newly released by the Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET), introduces quad-tree plus multi-type tree (QTMT) partition structure on the basis of quad-tree (QT) partition structure in High Efficiency Video Coding (H.265/HEVC). More complicated coding unit (CU) partitioning processes in H.266/VVC significantly improve video compression efficiency, but greatly increase the computational complexity compared. The ultra-high encoding complexity has obstructed its real-time applications. In order to solve this problem, a CU partition algorithm using convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed in this paper to speed up the H.266/VVC CU partition process. Firstly, 64 × 64 CU… More
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• A Computer Vision-Based Model for Automatic Motion Time Study
• Jirasak Ji, Warut Pannakkong^*, Jirachai Buddhakulsomsiri
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3557-3574, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030418
• Abstract Motion time study is employed by manufacturing industries to determine operation time. An accurate estimate of operation time is crucial for effective process improvement and production planning. Traditional motion time study is conducted by human analysts with stopwatches, which may be exposed to human errors. In this paper, an automated time study model based on computer vision is proposed. The model integrates a convolutional neural network, which analyzes a video of a manual operation to classify work elements in each video frame, with a time study model that automatically estimates the work element times. An experiment is conducted using a… More
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• Performance Evaluation of Food and Beverage Listed Companies in Vietnam
• Jung-Fa Tsai¹, Ngoc Huyen Nguyen¹, Ming-Hua Lin^2,*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3575-3593, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030476
• Abstract During the last decade, the food and beverage industry has been one of the most significant and prioritized industries that contributed to the economic growth in Vietnam. Therefore, how to enhance the performance of food and beverage firms has become a critical factor for Vietnam’s economic development. This research aims to use the data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to assess changes in operational performance and productivity of listed lead food and beverage firms in Vietnam during the period between 2015 and 2020. The obtained results reveal that Vietnamese food and beverage firms were generally inefficient… More
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• Evaluation of On-Line MPPT Algorithms for PV-Based Battery Storage Systems
• Belqasem Aljafari¹, Eydhah Almatrafi^2,3,4, Sudhakar Babu Thanikanti⁵, Sara A. Ibrahim⁶, Mohamed A. Enany^6,*, Marwa M. Ahmed⁷
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3595-3611, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030733
• Abstract This paper presents a novel Simulink models with an evaluation study of more widely used On-Line Maximum Power Point tracking (MPPT) techniques for Photo-Voltaic based Battery Storage Systems (PV-BSS). To have a full comparative study in terms of the dynamic response, battery state of charge (SOC), and oscillations around the Maximum Power Point (MPP) of the PV-BSS to variations in climate conditions, these techniques are simulated in Matlab/Simulink. The introduced methodologies are classified into two types; the first type is conventional hill-climbing techniques which are based on instantaneous PV data measurements such as Perturb & Observe and Incremental Conductance techniques.… More
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• Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Adaptive Prediction and Labeling
• Jiaohua Qin^1,*, Zhibin He¹, Xuyu Xiang¹, Neal N. Xiong²
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3613-3628, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030372
• Abstract Recently, reversible data hiding in encrypted images (RDHEI) based on pixel prediction has been a hot topic. However, existing schemes still employ a pixel predictor that ignores pixel changes in the diagonal direction during prediction, and the pixel labeling scheme is inflexible. To solve these problems, this paper proposes reversible data hiding in encrypted images based on adaptive prediction and labeling. First, we design an adaptive gradient prediction (AGP), which uses eight adjacent pixels and combines four scanning methods (i.e., horizontal, vertical, diagonal, and diagonal) for prediction. AGP can adaptively adjust the weight of the linear prediction model according to… More
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• Automatic Leukaemia Segmentation Approach for Blood Cancer Classification Using Microscopic Images
• Anuj Sharma¹, Deepak Prashar², Arfat Ahmad Khan³, Faizan Ahmed Khan⁴, Settawit Poochaya^3,*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3629-3648, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030879
• Abstract Leukaemia is a type of blood cancer that is caused by undeveloped White Blood Cells (WBC), and it is also called a blast blood cell. In the marrow of human bones, leukaemia is developed and is responsible for blood cell generation with leukocytes and WBC, and if any cell gets blasted, then it may become a cause of death. Therefore, the diagnosis of leukaemia in its early stages helps greatly in the treatment along with saving human lives. Subsequently, in terms of detection, image segmentation techniques play a vital role, and they turn out to be the important image processing… More
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• Methods and Means for Small Dynamic Objects Recognition and Tracking
• Dmytro Kushnir^*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3649-3665, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030016
• Abstract A literature analysis has shown that object search, recognition, and tracking systems are becoming increasingly popular. However, such systems do not achieve high practical results in analyzing small moving living objects ranging from 8 to 14 mm. This article examines methods and tools for recognizing and tracking the class of small moving objects, such as ants. To fulfill those aims, a customized You Only Look Once Ants Recognition (YOLO_AR) Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has been trained to recognize Messor Structor ants in the laboratory using the LabelImg object marker tool. The proposed model is an extension of the You Only… More
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• Exploring CNN Model with Inrush Current Pattern for Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring
• Sarayut Yaemprayoon, Jakkree Srinonchat^*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3667-3684, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028358
• Abstract Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) has gradually become a research focus in recent years to measure the power consumption in households for energy conservation. Most of the existing algorithms on NILM models independently measure when the total current load of appliances occurs, and NILM usually undergoes the problem of signatures of the appliance. This paper presents a distingue NILM design to measure and classify the appliances by investigating the inrush current pattern when the alliances begin. The proposed method is implemented while the five appliances operate simultaneously. The high sampling rate of field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is used to sample the… More
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• Efficient Computation Offloading of IoT-Based Workflows Using Discrete Teaching Learning-Based Optimization
• Mohamed K. Hussein^1,*, Mohamed H. Mousa^1,2
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3685-3703, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.026370
• Abstract As the Internet of Things (IoT) and mobile devices have rapidly proliferated, their computationally intensive applications have developed into complex, concurrent IoT-based workflows involving multiple interdependent tasks. By exploiting its low latency and high bandwidth, mobile edge computing (MEC) has emerged to achieve the high-performance computation offloading of these applications to satisfy the quality-of-service requirements of workflows and devices. In this study, we propose an offloading strategy for IoT-based workflows in a high-performance MEC environment. The proposed task-based offloading strategy consists of an optimization problem that includes task dependency, communication costs, workflow constraints, device energy consumption, and the heterogeneous characteristics… More
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• Non-Negative Minimum Volume Factorization (NMVF) for Hyperspectral Images (HSI) Unmixing: A Hybrid Approach
• Kriti Mahajan¹, Urvashi Garg¹, Nitin Mittal², Yunyoung Nam³, Byeong-Gwon Kang^4,*, Mohamed Abouhawwash^5,6
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3705-3720, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.027936
• Abstract Spectral unmixing is essential for exploitation of remotely sensed data of Hyperspectral Images (HSI). It amounts to the identification of a position of spectral signatures that are pure and therefore called end members and their matching fractional, draft rules abundances for every pixel in HSI. This paper aims to unmix hyperspectral data using the minimal volume method of elementary scrutiny. Moreover, the problem of optimization is solved by the implementation of the sequence of small problems that are constrained quadratically. The hard constraint in the final step for the abundance fraction is then replaced with a loss function of hinge… More
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• A Sea Ice Recognition Algorithm in Bohai Based on Random Forest
• Tao Li¹, Di Wu¹, Rui Han², Jinyue Xia³, Yongjun Ren^4,*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3721-3739, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029619
• Abstract As an important maritime hub, Bohai Sea Bay provides great convenience for shipping and suffers from sea ice disasters of different severity every winter, which greatly affects the socio-economic and development of the region. Therefore, this paper uses FY-4A (a weather satellite) data to study sea ice in the Bohai Sea. After processing the data for land removal and cloud detection, it combines multi-channel threshold method and adaptive threshold algorithm to realize the recognition of Bohai Sea ice under clear sky conditions. The random forests classification algorithm is introduced in sea ice identification, which can achieve a certain effect of… More
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• Binary Tomography Reconstruction with Limited-Data by a Convex Level-Set Method
• Haytham A. Ali^1,2,*, Hiroyuki Kudo¹
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3741-3756, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029394
• Abstract This paper proposes a new level-set-based shape recovery approach that can be applied to a wide range of binary tomography reconstructions. In this technique, we derive generic evolution equations for shape reconstruction in terms of the underlying level-set parameters. We show that using the appropriate basis function to parameterize the level-set function results in an optimization problem with a small number of parameters, which overcomes many of the problems associated with the traditional level-set approach. More concretely, in this paper, we use Gaussian functions as a basis function placed at sparse grid points to represent the parametric level-set function and… More
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• Optimal Deep Canonically Correlated Autoencoder-Enabled Prediction Model for Customer Churn Prediction
• Olfat M. Mirza¹, G. Jose Moses², R. Rajender³, E. Laxmi Lydia⁴, Seifedine Kadry⁵, Cheadchai Me-Ead⁶, Orawit Thinnukool^7,*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3757-3769, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030428
• Abstract Presently, customer retention is essential for reducing customer churn in telecommunication industry. Customer churn prediction (CCP) is important to predict the possibility of customer retention in the quality of services. Since risks of customer churn also get essential, the rise of machine learning (ML) models can be employed to investigate the characteristics of customer behavior. Besides, deep learning (DL) models help in prediction of the customer behavior based characteristic data. Since the DL models necessitate hyperparameter modelling and effort, the process is difficult for research communities and business people. In this view, this study designs an optimal deep canonically correlated… More
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• Characteristics of Desertification Change in Lake Basin Area in Gangcha County
• Wenzheng Yu¹, Mingxuan Zhu¹, Li Shao¹, Yanbo Shen^2,3,*, Haitao Liu¹, Tianliang Chen¹, Hanxiaoya Zhang⁴
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3771-3793, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.027094
• Abstract Qinghai Lake Basin area in Gangcha county is selected as the study area in terms of desertification change features in this paper. Based on the remote sensing (RS) and global positioning system (GPS) technologies, the desertification information range from 1989 to 2014 in the study area is extracted. Using the method of the decision tree, the desertification in the research area is been divided into four grades including mild desertification, moderate desertification, severe desertification and serious desertification. The change characteristics of desertification in the study area were analyzed in detail, which showed that the desertification in the study area experienced… More
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• Deep CNN Model for Multimodal Medical Image Denoising
• Walid El-Shafai^1,2, Amira A. Mahmoud¹, Anas M. Ali^1,3, El-Sayed M. El-Rabaie¹, Taha E. Taha¹, Osama F. Zahran¹, Adel S. El-Fishawy¹, Naglaa F. Soliman⁴, Amel A. Alhussan^5,*, Fathi E. Abd El-Samie¹
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3795-3814, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029134
• Abstract In the literature, numerous techniques have been employed to decrease noise in medical image modalities, including X-Ray (XR), Ultrasonic (Us), Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and Positron Emission Tomography (PET). These techniques are organized into two main classes: the Multiple Image (MI) and the Single Image (SI) techniques. In the MI techniques, images usually obtained for the same area scanned from different points of view are used. A single image is used in the entire procedure in the SI techniques. SI denoising techniques can be carried out both in a transform or spatial domain. This paper is concerned… More
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• A Structural Topic Model for Exploring User Satisfaction with Mobile  Payments
• Jang Hyun Kim^1,2,3, Jisung Jang^1,3, Yonghwan Kim⁴, Dongyan Nan^1,2,*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3815-3826, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029507
• Abstract This study explored user satisfaction with mobile payments by applying a novel structural topic model. Specifically, we collected 17,927 online reviews of a specific mobile payment (i.e., PayPal). Then, we employed a structural topic model to investigate the relationship between the attributes extracted from online reviews and user satisfaction with mobile payment. Consequently, we discovered that “lack of reliability” and “poor customer service” tend to appear in negative reviews. Whereas, the terms “convenience,” “user-friendly interface,” “simple process,” and “secure system” tend to appear in positive reviews. On the basis of information system success theory, we categorized the topics “convenience,” “user-friendly… More
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• Encryption Algorithm for Securing Non-Disclosure Agreements in Outsourcing Offshore Software Maintenance
• Atif Ikram^1,2,*, Masita Abdul Jalil¹, Amir Bin Ngah¹, Nadeem Iqbal², Nazri Kama⁴, Azri Azmi⁴, Ahmad Salman Khan³, Yasir Mahmood^3,4, Assad Alzayed⁵
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3827-3845, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029609
• Abstract Properly created and securely communicated, non-disclosure agreement (NDA) can resolve most of the common disputes related to outsourcing of offshore software maintenance (OSMO). Occasionally, these NDAs are in the form of images. Since the work is done offshore, these agreements or images must be shared through the Internet or stored over the cloud. The breach of privacy, on the other hand, is a potential threat for the image owners as both the Internet and cloud servers are not void of danger. This article proposes a novel algorithm for securing the NDAs in the form of images. As an agreement is… More
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• Automatic Botnet Attack Identification Based on Machine Learning
• Peng Hui Li¹, Jie Xu^1,*, Zhong Yi Xu¹, Su Chen¹, Bo Wei Niu², Jie Yin¹, Xiao Feng Sun¹, Hao Liang Lan¹, Lu Lu Chen³
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3847-3860, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029969
• Abstract At present, the severe network security situation has put forward high requirements for network security defense technology. In order to automate botnet threat warning, this paper researches the types and characteristics of Botnet. Botnet has special characteristics in attributes such as packets, attack time interval, and packet size. In this paper, the attack data is annotated by means of string recognition and expert screening. The attack features are extracted from the labeled attack data, and then use K-means for cluster analysis. The clustering results show that the same attack data has its unique characteristics, and the automatic identification of network… More
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• Multi-Mode Frequency Reconfigurable Conformal Antenna for Modern Electronic Systems
• Abir Zaidi¹, Esraa Mousa Ali², Abdullah G. Alharbi³, Salah Ud-Din Khan⁴, Mohammad Alsharef⁵, Mohammed S. Alzaidi⁵, Sherif S. M. Ghoneim^5,*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3861-3877, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029889
• Abstract The article presents a miniaturized monopole antenna dedicated to modern flexible electronic systems. The antenna combines three fundamental properties in a single structure. Firstly, it is characterized by a compact size compared to the state-of-the-art literature with an overall size of 18 × 18 × 0.254 mm³, secondly, the proposed antenna integrates the reconfigurability function of frequency, produced by means of a Positive-Intrinsic-Negative (PIN) diode introduced into the radiating element. Thus, the antenna is able to switch between different frequencies and different modes, making it suitable to meet the ever-changing demands of communication systems. third, the antenna is equipped by the property of flexibility.… More
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• Multi-Scale Network with Integrated Attention Unit for Crowd Counting
• Adel Hafeezallah¹, Ahlam Al-Dhamari^2,3,*, Syed Abd Rahman Abu-Bakar²
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3879-3903, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028289
• Abstract Estimating the crowd count and density of highly dense scenes witnessed in Muslim gatherings at religious sites in Makkah and Madinah is critical for developing control strategies and organizing such a large gathering. Moreover, since the crowd images in this case can range from low density to high density, detection-based approaches are hard to apply for crowd counting. Recently, deep learning-based regression has become the prominent approach for crowd counting problems, where a density-map is estimated, and its integral is further computed to acquire the final count result. In this paper, we put forward a novel multi-scale network (named 2U-Net)… More
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• Deep Transfer Learning Driven Oral Cancer Detection and Classification Model
• Radwa Marzouk¹, Eatedal Alabdulkreem², Sami Dhahbi³, Mohamed K. Nour⁴, Mesfer Al Duhayyim⁵, Mahmoud Othman⁶, Manar Ahmed Hamza^7,*, Abdelwahed Motwakel⁷, Ishfaq Yaseen⁷, Mohammed Rizwanullah⁷
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3905-3920, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029326
• Abstract Oral cancer is the most commonly occurring ‘head and neck cancers’ across the globe. Most of the oral cancer cases are diagnosed at later stages due to absence of awareness among public. Since earlier identification of disease is essential for improved outcomes, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) models are used in this regard. In this background, the current study introduces Artificial Intelligence with Deep Transfer Learning driven Oral Cancer detection and Classification Model (AIDTL-OCCM). The primary goal of the proposed AIDTL-OCCM model is to diagnose oral cancer using AI and image processing techniques. The proposed AIDTL-OCCM model involves… More
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• An Optimized and Hybrid Framework for Image Processing Based Network Intrusion Detection System
• Murtaza Ahmed Siddiqi, Wooguil Pak^*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3921-3949, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029541
• Abstract The network infrastructure has evolved rapidly due to the ever-increasing volume of users and data. The massive number of online devices and users has forced the network to transform and facilitate the operational necessities of consumers. Among these necessities, network security is of prime significance. Network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) are among the most suitable approaches to detect anomalies and assaults on a network. However, keeping up with the network security requirements is quite challenging due to the constant mutation in attack patterns by the intruders. This paper presents an effective and prevalent framework for NIDS by merging image processing… More
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• Ensemble Machine Learning to Enhance Q8 Protein Secondary Structure Prediction
• Moheb R. Girgis, Rofida M. Gamal, Enas Elgeldawi^*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3951-3967, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030934
• Abstract Protein structure prediction is one of the most essential objectives practiced by theoretical chemistry and bioinformatics as it is of a vital importance in medicine, biotechnology and more. Protein secondary structure prediction (PSSP) has a significant role in the prediction of protein tertiary structure, as it bridges the gap between the protein primary sequences and tertiary structure prediction. Protein secondary structures are classified into two categories: 3-state category and 8-state category. Predicting the 3 states and the 8 states of secondary structures from protein sequences are called the Q3 prediction and the Q8 prediction problems, respectively. The 8 classes of… More
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• ESSD: Energy Saving and Securing Data Algorithm for WSNs Security
• Manar M. Aldaseen¹, Khaled M. Matrouk¹, Laiali H. Almazaydeh^2,*, Khaled M. Elleithy³
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3969-3981, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028520
• Abstract The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are characterized by their widespread deployment due to low cost, but the WSNs are vulnerable to various types of attacks. To defend against the attacks, an effective security solution is required. However, the limits of these networks’ battery-based energy to the sensor are the most critical impediments to selecting cryptographic techniques. Consequently, finding a suitable algorithm that achieves the least energy consumption in data encryption and decryption and providing a highly protected system for data remains the fundamental problem. In this research, the main objective is to obtain data security during transmission by proposing a… More
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• A Novel Inherited Modeling Structure of Automatic Brain Tumor Segmentation from MRI
• Abdullah A. Asiri¹, Tariq Ali², Ahmad Shaf², Muhammad Aamir², Muhammad Shoaib³, Muhammad Irfan⁴, Hassan A. Alshamrani^1,*, Fawaz F. Alqahtani¹, Osama M. Alshehri⁵
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3983-4002, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030923
• Abstract Brain tumor is one of the most dreadful worldwide types of cancer and affects people leading to death. Magnetic resonance imaging methods capture skull images that contain healthy and affected tissue. Radiologists checked the affected tissue in the slice-by-slice manner, which was time-consuming and hectic task. Therefore, auto segmentation of the affected part is needed to facilitate radiologists. Therefore, we have considered a hybrid model that inherits the convolutional neural network (CNN) properties to the support vector machine (SVM) for the auto-segmented brain tumor region. The CNN model is initially used to detect brain tumors, while SVM is integrated to… More
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• Fuzzy MCDM for Improving the Performance of Agricultural Supply Chain
• Le Thi Diem My¹, Chia-Nan Wang¹, Nguyen Van Thanh^2,*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 4003-4015, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030209
• Abstract Fertilizer industry in Vietnam and globally have entered the saturation phase. With the growth rate slowing down, this poses challenges for the development impetus of the fertilizer industry in the next period. In fact, over the past few decades, Vietnam’s crop industry has abused excessive investment in chemical fertilizers, with organic fertilizers are rarely used or not at all, limiting crop productivity, increasing pests and diseases. To develop sustainable agriculture, Vietnam’s crop industry must limit the use of chemical fertilizers, increase the use of environmentally friendly organic and natural mineral fertilizers to produce clean agricultural products which is safe. Therefore,… More
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• An Effective Signcryption with Optimization Algorithm for IoT-enabled Secure Data Transmission
• A. Chinnappa^*, C. Vijayakumaran
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 4017-4031, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.027858
• Abstract Internet of Things (IoT) allows several low resources and controlled devices to interconnect, calculate processes and make decisions in the communication network. In the heterogeneous environment for IoT devices, several challenging issues such as energy, storage, efficiency, and security. The design of encryption techniques enables the transmission of the data in the IoT environment in a secured way. The proper selection of optimal keys helps to boost the encryption performance. With this motivation, the study presents a signcryption with quantum chaotic krill herd algorithm for secured data transmission (SCQCKH-SDT) in IoT environment. The proposed SCQCKH-SDT technique aims to effectively encrypts… More
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• Compared Insights on Machine-Learning Anomaly Detection for Process Control Feature
• Ming Wan¹, Quanliang Li¹, Jiangyuan Yao^2,*, Yan Song³, Yang Liu⁴, Yuxin Wan⁵
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 4033-4049, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030895
• Abstract Anomaly detection is becoming increasingly significant in industrial cyber security, and different machine-learning algorithms have been generally acknowledged as various effective intrusion detection engines to successfully identify cyber attacks. However, different machine-learning algorithms may exhibit their own detection effects even if they analyze the same feature samples. As a sequence, after developing one feature generation approach, the most effective and applicable detection engines should be desperately selected by comparing distinct properties of each machine-learning algorithm. Based on process control features generated by directed function transition diagrams, this paper introduces five different machine-learning algorithms as alternative detection engines to discuss their… More
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• An AOP-Based Security Verification Environment for KECCAK Hash Algorithm
• Hassen Mestiri^1,2,3,*, Imen Barraj^1,4,5, Mohsen Machhout³
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 4051-4066, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029794
• Abstract Robustness of the electronic cryptographic devices against fault injection attacks is a great concern to ensure security. Due to significant resource constraints, these devices are limited in their capabilities. The increasing complexity of cryptographic devices necessitates the development of a fast simulation environment capable of performing security tests against fault injection attacks. SystemC is a good choice for Electronic System Level (ESL) modeling since it enables models to run at a faster rate. To enable fault injection and detection inside a SystemC cryptographic model, however, the model’s source code must be updated. Without altering the source code, Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP)… More
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• Secure Cancelable Template Based on Double Random Phase Encoding and Entropy Segmentation
• Ahmed M. Ayoup^1,*, Ashraf A. M. Khalaf¹, Fathi E. Abd El-Samie², Fahad Alraddady³, Salwa M. Serag Eldin³
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 4067-4085, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025767
• Abstract In this paper, a proposed cancellable biometric scheme is based on multiple biometric image identifiers, Arnold’s cat map and double random phase encoding (DRPE) to obtain cancellable biometric templates. The proposed segmentation scheme that is used to select the region of interest for generating cancelable templates is based on chaos entropy low correlation statistical metrics. The objective of segmentation is to reduce the computational cost and reliability of template creation. The left and right biometric (iris, fingerprint, palm print and face) are divided into non-overlapping blocks of the same dimensions. To define the region of interest (ROI), we select the… More
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• Intelligent Resource Allocations for Software-Defined Mission-Critical IoT Services
• Chaebeen Nam¹, Sa Math¹, Prohim Tam¹, Seokhoon Kim^1,2,*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 4087-4102, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030575
• Abstract Heterogeneous Internet of Things (IoT) applications generate a diversity of novelty applications and services in next-generation networks (NGN), which is essential to guarantee end-to-end (E2E) communication resources for both control plane (CP) and data plane (DP). Likewise, the heterogeneous 5th generation (5G) communication applications, including Mobile Broadband Communications (MBBC), massive Machine-Type Commutation (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), obligate to perform intelligent Quality-of-Service (QoS) Class Identifier (QCI), while the CP entities will be suffered from the complicated massive HIOT applications. Moreover, the existing management and orchestration (MANO) models are inappropriate for resource utilization and allocation in large-scale and complicated… More
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• LBP–Bilateral Based Feature Fusion for Breast Cancer Diagnosis
• Yassir Edrees Almalki¹, Maida Khalid², Sharifa Khalid Alduraibi³, Qudsia Yousaf², Maryam Zaffar², Shoayea Mohessen Almutiri⁴, Muhammad Irfan⁵, Mohammad Abd Alkhalik Basha⁶, Alaa Khalid Alduraibi³, Abdulrahman Manaa Alamri⁷, Khalaf Alshamrani⁸, Hassan A. Alshamrani^8,*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 4103-4121, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029039
• Abstract Since reporting cases of breast cancer are on the rise all over the world. Especially in regions such as Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and the United States. Efficient methods for the early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer are needed. The usual diagnosis procedures followed by physicians has been updated with modern diagnostic approaches that include computer-aided support for better accuracy. Machine learning based practices has increased the accuracy and efficiency of medical diagnosis, which has helped save lives of many patients. There is much research in the field of medical imaging diagnostics that can be applied to the variety of… More
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• Gaussian Optimized Deep Learning-based Belief Classification Model for Breast Cancer Detection
• Areej A. Malibari¹, Marwa Obayya², Mohamed K. Nour³, Amal S. Mehanna⁴, Manar Ahmed Hamza^5,*, Abu Sarwar Zamani⁵, Ishfaq Yaseen⁵, Abdelwahed Motwakel⁵
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 4123-4138, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030492
• Abstract With the rapid increase of new cases with an increased mortality rate, cancer is considered the second and most deadly disease globally. Breast cancer is the most widely affected cancer worldwide, with an increased death rate percentage. Due to radiologists’ processing of mammogram images, many computer-aided diagnoses have been developed to detect breast cancer. Early detection of breast cancer will reduce the death rate worldwide. The early diagnosis of breast cancer using the developed computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems still needed to be enhanced by incorporating innovative deep learning technologies to improve the accuracy and sensitivity of the detection system with… More
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• Optimal and Robust Power System Stabilizers in a Multi Machine System
• Mehrdad Ahmadi Kamarposhti^1,*, Hassan Shokouhandeh², Ilhami Colak³, Kei Eguchi⁴
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 4139-4156, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029011
• Abstract One method for eliminating oscillations in power systems is using stabilizers. By applying an appropriate control signal in the excitation system of a generator, a power system stabilizer improves the dynamic stability of power systems. However, the issue that is of high importance is the correct design of these stabilizers. These stabilizers must be designed to have proper performance when operating conditions change. When designed incorrectly, not only they do not improve the stability margin, but also increase the oscillations. In this paper, the robust design of power system stabilizers on a four-machine power system has been performed. For this… More
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• Real-Time Multi-Class Infection Classification for Respiratory Diseases
• Ahmed ElShafee¹, Walid El-Shafai², Abdulaziz Alarifi^3,*, Mohammed Amoon³, Aman Singh⁴, Moustafa H. Aly⁵
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 4157-4177, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028847
• Abstract Real-time disease prediction has emerged as the main focus of study in the field of computerized medicine. Intelligent disease identification framework can assist medical practitioners in diagnosing disease in a way that is reliable, consistent, and timely, successfully lowering mortality rates, particularly during endemics and pandemics. To prevent this pandemic’s rapid and widespread, it is vital to quickly identify, confine, and treat affected individuals. The need for auxiliary computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) systems has grown. Numerous recent studies have indicated that radiological pictures contained critical information regarding the COVID-19 virus. Utilizing advanced convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures in conjunction with radiological… More
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• Enhanced Metaheuristics-Based Clustering Scheme for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks
• R. Uma Mageswari¹, Sara A. Althubiti², Fayadh Alenezi³, E. Laxmi Lydia⁴, Gyanendra Prasad Joshi⁵, Woong Cho^6,*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 4179-4192, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030806
• Abstract Traditional Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) comprise of cost-effective sensors that can send physical parameters of the target environment to an intended user. With the evolution of technology, multimedia sensor nodes have become the hot research topic since it can continue gathering multimedia content and scalar from the target domain. The existence of multimedia sensors, integrated with effective signal processing and multimedia source coding approaches, has led to the increased application of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN). This sort of network has the potential to capture, transmit, and receive multimedia content. Since energy is a major source in WMSN, novel clustering… More
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• Metaheuristic Optimization Through Deep Learning Classification of COVID-19 in Chest X-Ray Images
• Nagwan Abdel Samee¹, El-Sayed M. El-Kenawy^2,3, Ghada Atteia^1,*, Mona M. Jamjoom⁴, Abdelhameed Ibrahim⁵, Abdelaziz A. Abdelhamid^6,7, Noha E. El-Attar⁸, Tarek Gaber^9,10, Adam Slowik¹¹, Mahmoud Y. Shams¹²
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 4193-4210, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.031147
• Abstract As corona virus disease (COVID-19) is still an ongoing global outbreak, countries around the world continue to take precautions and measures to control the spread of the pandemic. Because of the excessive number of infected patients and the resulting deficiency of testing kits in hospitals, a rapid, reliable, and automatic detection of COVID-19 is in extreme need to curb the number of infections. By analyzing the COVID-19 chest X-ray images, a novel metaheuristic approach is proposed based on hybrid dipper throated and particle swarm optimizers. The lung region was segmented from the original chest X-ray images and augmented using various… More
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• Agricultural Supply Chain Risks Evaluation with Spherical Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process
• Phi-Hung Nguyen^*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 4211-4229, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030115
• Abstract The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the development of the global economy. As most developing and third world countries are heavily dependent on agriculture and agricultural imports, the agricultural supply chains (ASC) in all these countries are exposed to unprecedented risks following COVID-19. Therefore, it is vital to investigate the impact of risks and create resilient ASC organizations. In this study, critical risks associated with ASC were assessed using a novel Analytical Hierarchy Process based on spherical fuzzy sets (SF-AHP). The findings indicated that depending on the scope and scale of the organization, supply risks, demand risks, financial… More
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• An Intelligent Tree Extractive Text Summarization Deep Learning
• Abeer Abdulaziz AlArfaj, Hanan Ahmed Hosni Mahmoud^*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 4231-4244, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030090
• Abstract In recent research, deep learning algorithms have presented effective representation learning models for natural languages. The deep learning-based models create better data representation than classical models. They are capable of automated extraction of distributed representation of texts. In this research, we introduce a new tree Extractive text summarization that is characterized by fitting the text structure representation in knowledge base training module, and also addresses memory issues that were not addresses before. The proposed model employs a tree structured mechanism to generate the phrase and text embedding. The proposed architecture mimics the tree configuration of the text-texts and provide better… More
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• A Study on Cascade R-CNN-Based Dangerous Goods Detection Using X-Ray Image
• Sang-Hyun Lee^*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 4245-4260, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.026012
• Abstract X-ray inspection equipment is divided into small baggage inspection equipment and large cargo inspection equipment. In the case of inspection using X-ray scanning equipment, it is possible to identify the contents of goods, unauthorized transport, or hidden goods in real-time by-passing cargo through X-rays without opening it. In this paper, we propose a system for detecting dangerous objects in X-ray images using the Cascade Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Cascade R-CNN) model, and the data used for learning consists of dangerous goods, storage media, firearms, and knives. In addition, to minimize the overfitting problem caused by the lack of data to… More
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• An Algorithm for Target Detection of Engineering Vehicles Based on Improved CenterNet
• Pingping Yu¹, Hongda Wang¹, Xiaodong Zhao^1,*, Guangchen Ruan²
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 4261-4276, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029239
• Abstract Aiming at the problems of low target image resolution, insufficient target feature extraction, low detection accuracy and poor real time in remote engineering vehicle detection, an improved CenterNet target detection model is proposed in this paper. Firstly, EfficientNet-B0 with Efficient Channel Attention (ECA) module is used as the basic network, which increases the quality and speed of feature extraction and reduces the number of model parameters. Then, the proposed Adaptive Fusion Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network (AF-BiFPN) module is applied to fuse the features of different feature layers. Furthermore, the feature information of engineering vehicle targets is added by making full… More
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• Deep Learning Enabled Microarray Gene Expression Classification for Data Science Applications
• Areej A. Malibari¹, Reem M. Alshehri², Fahd N. Al-Wesabi³, Noha Negm³, Mesfer Al Duhayyim⁴, Anwer Mustafa Hilal^5,*, Ishfaq Yaseen⁵, Abdelwahed Motwakel⁵
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 4277-4290, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.027030
• Abstract In bioinformatics applications, examination of microarray data has received significant interest to diagnose diseases. Microarray gene expression data can be defined by a massive searching space that poses a primary challenge in the appropriate selection of genes. Microarray data classification incorporates multiple disciplines such as bioinformatics, machine learning (ML), data science, and pattern classification. This paper designs an optimal deep neural network based microarray gene expression classification (ODNN-MGEC) model for bioinformatics applications. The proposed ODNN-MGEC technique performs data normalization process to normalize the data into a uniform scale. Besides, improved fruit fly optimization (IFFO) based feature selection technique is used… More
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• A Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization to Forecast Implied Volatility Risk
• Kais Tissaoui^1,2,*, Sahbi Boubaker^3,4, Waleed Saud Alghassab¹, Taha Zaghdoudi^1,5, Jamel Azibi⁶
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 4291-4309, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028830
• Abstract The application of optimization methods to prediction issues is a continually exploring field. In line with this, this paper investigates the connectedness between the infected cases of COVID-19 and US fear index from a forecasting perspective. The complex characteristics of implied volatility risk index such as non-linearity structure, time-varying and non-stationarity motivate us to apply a nonlinear polynomial Hammerstein model with known structure and unknown parameters. We use the Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (HPSO) tool to identify the model parameters of nonlinear polynomial Hammerstein model. Findings indicate that, following a nonlinear polynomial behaviour cascaded to an autoregressive with exogenous input… More
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• An Optimal Method for Supply Chain Logistics Management Based on Neural Network
• Abdallah Abdallah¹, Mohammed Dauwed², Ayman A. Aly³, Bassem F. Felemban³, Imran Khan⁴, Bong Jun Choi^5,*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 4311-4327, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.031514
• Abstract From raw material storage through final product distribution, a cold supply chain is a technique in which all activities are managed by temperature. The expansion in the number of imported meat and other comparable commodities, as well as exported seafood has boosted the performance of cold chain logistics service providers. On the basis of the standard basic-pursuit (BP) neural network, a rough BP particle swarm optimization (PSO) neural network model is constructed by combining rough set and particle swarm algorithms to aid cold chain food production enterprises in quickly picking the best cold chain logistics service providers. To reduce duplicate… More
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• High Efficiency Crypto-Watermarking System Based on Clifford-Multiwavelet for 3D Meshes Security
• Wajdi Elhamzi^1,2,*, Malika Jallouli³, Yassine Bouteraa^1,4
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 4329-4347, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030954
• Abstract Since 3D mesh security has become intellectual property, 3D watermarking algorithms have continued to appear to secure 3D meshes shared by remote users and saved in distant multimedia databases. The novelty of our approach is that it uses a new Clifford-multiwavelet transform to insert copyright data in a multiresolution domain, allowing us to greatly expand the size of the watermark. After that, our method does two rounds of insertion, each applying a different type of Clifford-wavelet transform. Before being placed into the Clifford-multiwavelet coefficients, the watermark, which is a mixture of the mesh description, source mesh signature (produced using SHA512),… More
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• Automated Speech Recognition System to Detect Babies’ Feelings through Feature Analysis
• Sana Yasin¹, Umar Draz^2,3,*, Tariq Ali⁴, Kashaf Shahid¹, Amna Abid¹, Rukhsana Bibi¹, Muhammad Irfan⁵, Mohammed A. Huneif⁶, Sultan A. Almedhesh⁶, Seham M. Alqahtani⁶, Alqahtani Abdulwahab⁶, Mohammed Jamaan Alzahrani⁶, Dhafer Batti Alshehri⁶, Alshehri Ali Abdullah⁷, Saifur Rahman⁵
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 4349-4367, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028251
• Abstract Diagnosing a baby’s feelings poses a challenge for both doctors and parents because babies cannot explain their feelings through expression or speech. Understanding the emotions of babies and their associated expressions during different sensations such as hunger, pain, etc., is a complicated task. In infancy, all communication and feelings are propagated through cry-speech, which is a natural phenomenon. Several clinical methods can be used to diagnose a baby’s diseases, but nonclinical methods of diagnosing a baby’s feelings are lacking. As such, in this study, we aimed to identify babies’ feelings and emotions through their cry using a nonclinical method. Changes… More
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• Cartesian Product Based Transfer Learning Implementation for Brain Tumor Classification
• Irfan Ahmed Usmani^1,*, Muhammad Tahir Qadri¹, Razia Zia¹, Asif Aziz², Farheen Saeed³
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 4369-4392, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030698
• Abstract Knowledge-based transfer learning techniques have shown good performance for brain tumor classification, especially with small datasets. However, to obtain an optimized model for targeted brain tumor classification, it is challenging to select a pre-trained deep learning (DL) model, optimal values of hyperparameters, and optimization algorithm (solver). This paper first presents a brief review of recent literature related to brain tumor classification. Secondly, a robust framework for implementing the transfer learning technique is proposed. In the proposed framework, a Cartesian product matrix is generated to determine the optimal values of the two important hyperparameters: batch size and learning rate. An extensive… More
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• Ensemble of Handcrafted and Deep Learning Model for Histopathological Image Classification
• Vasumathi Devi Majety¹, N. Sharmili², Chinmaya Ranjan Pattanaik³, E. Laxmi Lydia⁴, Subhi R. M. Zeebaree⁵, Sarmad Nozad Mahmood⁶, Ali S. Abosinnee⁷, Ahmed Alkhayyat^8,*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 4393-4406, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.031109
• Abstract Histopathology is the investigation of tissues to identify the symptom of abnormality. The histopathological procedure comprises gathering samples of cells/tissues, setting them on the microscopic slides, and staining them. The investigation of the histopathological image is a problematic and laborious process that necessitates the expert’s knowledge. At the same time, deep learning (DL) techniques are able to derive features, extract data, and learn advanced abstract data representation. With this view, this paper presents an ensemble of handcrafted with deep learning enabled histopathological image classification (EHCDL-HIC) model. The proposed EHCDL-HIC technique initially performs Weiner filtering based noise removal technique. Once the… More
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• Maintain Optimal Configurations for Large Configurable Systems Using Multi-Objective Optimization
• Muhammad Abid Jamil^1,*, Deafallah Alsadie¹, Mohamed K. Nour¹, Normi Sham Awang Abu Bakar²
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 4407-4422, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029096
• Abstract To improve the maintenance and quality of software product lines, efficient configurations techniques have been proposed. Nevertheless, due to the complexity of derived and configured products in a product line, the configuration process of the software product line (SPL) becomes time-consuming and costly. Each product line consists of a various number of feature models that need to be tested. The different approaches have been presented by Search-based software engineering (SBSE) to resolve the software engineering issues into computational solutions using some metaheuristic approach. Hence, multiobjective evolutionary algorithms help to optimize the configuration process of SPL. In this paper, different multi-objective… More
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• A Two Stream Fusion Assisted Deep Learning Framework for Stomach Diseases Classification
• Muhammad Shahid Amin¹, Jamal Hussain Shah¹, Mussarat Yasmin¹, Ghulam Jillani Ansari², Muhamamd Attique Khan³, Usman Tariq⁴, Ye Jin Kim⁵, Byoungchol Chang^6,*
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 4423-4439, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030432
• Abstract Due to rapid development in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Deep Learning (DL), it is difficult to maintain the security and robustness of these techniques and algorithms due to emergence of novel term adversary sampling. Such technique is sensitive to these models. Thus, fake samples cause AI and DL model to produce diverse results. Adversarial attacks that successfully implemented in real world scenarios highlight their applicability even further. In this regard, minor modifications of input images cause “Adversarial Attacks” that altered the performance of competing attacks dramatically. Recently, such attacks and defensive strategies are gaining lot of attention by the machine… More
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• A Stochastic Study of the Fractional Order Model of Waste Plastic in Oceans
• Muneerah Al Nuwairan^1,*, Zulqurnain Sabir², Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja³, Maryam Alnami¹, Hanan Almuslem¹
• CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 4441-4454, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029432
• Abstract In this paper, a fractional order model based on the management of waste plastic in the ocean (FO-MWPO) is numerically investigated. The mathematical form of the FO-MWPO model is categorized into three components, waste plastic, Marine debris, and recycling. The stochastic numerical solvers using the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation neural networks (LMQBP-NNs) have been applied to present the numerical solutions of the FO-MWPO system. The competency of the method is tested by taking three variants of the FO-MWPO model based on the fractional order derivatives. The data ratio is provided for training, testing and authorization is 77%, 12%, and 11% respectively. The… More
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