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ABSTRACT

Shu Chien
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 1-2, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07695
Abstract Professor Y.C. Fung has made tremendous impacts on science, engineering and humanity through his research and its applications, educating many students and their students, and providing his exemplary leadership [1-3]. He has applied his profound knowledge and elegant analytical methods to the study of biomedical problems with rigor and excellence. He established the basic principles of biomechanics in living tissues and organs. He opened up new vista for bioengineering, from organs-systems to molecules-genes, and he has provided the foundation of research activities in many institutions in the United States and the world. He has made outstanding contributions to education in… More >

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Savio L-Y. Woo^1,*, Peter C-Y Chen²
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 1-2, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07631
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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1402

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J.D. Humphrey^1,*
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 3-4, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07639
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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1260

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Shu Q. Liu^1,*
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 5-7, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.06960
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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1415

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Erik B. Kistler¹, Geert W. Schmid-Schönbein^2,*
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 8-8, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07256
Abstract A longstanding question in research on organ failure after physiological shock (such as trauma, burns, sepsis, surgery and medical emergencies) is the underlying mechanism for a progressive loss of cell and tissue functions. Our systematic analysis of this problem has served to identify digestive enzymes as key players [1, 2]. After synthesis and discharge from the pancreas, the digestive enzymes are usually contained inside the lumen of the small intestine where they break down food every day. Escape of the digestive enzymes out of the lumen of the intestine is kept to a minimum by the mucosal barrier in the… More >

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1204

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William Leineweber¹, Stephanie I. Fraley^1,2,*
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 9-9, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.08504
Abstract Cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions are critical modulators of repair and regeneration. However, variability within individual cells of the same cell type and within the ECM microenvironment can lead to heterogeneous outcomes that may limit the reliable application of cell-biomaterial constructs in regenerative medicine. Understanding the origins of heterogeneity is critical to overcoming this challenge and requires measurement of cell-ECM interactions at the single cell level. There are four core biophysical modules that cells employ to interact with their surrounding ECM: protrusion, adhesion, contractility, and matrix remodeling. Conventional approaches measure these interactions in separate experiments on separate cells, resulting in bulk… More >

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1296

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Guixue Wang^1,*, Li Yang¹
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 10-10, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.08410
Abstract The biomechanics research of Chongqing University (CQU) began in the late 1970s, which has always been guided and helped by Prof. YC Fung. Prof. YP Wu, Prof. GR Wang at CQU were two of the earliest four Chinese scholars to visit and study in Fung's laboratory in the United States. In the autumn of 1979, Fung held a biomechanical workshop in CQU and the former Huazhong Institute of Technology. With the help of him, Prof. YP Wu founded the first Biomechanics Research Lab in China in the late 1970s. The first program for master’s degree on biomechanics was approved to… More >

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1198

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Cheng Zhu^1,*
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 11-11, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.08411
Abstract The immune response is orchestrated by a variety of immune cells. The function of each cell is determined by the collective signals from various immunoreceptors whose expression and activity depend on the developmental stages of the cell and its environmental context. Recent studies have highlighted the presence of mechanical forces on specific immunoreceptor–ligand bonds, which are transmitted across the cell membrane, potentially inducing mechanotransduction. As mechanobiology intersects with immunology, the interest to explore how immune cells sense, respond and adapt to their mechanical environment is rapidly growing. In this talk, I will review recent advances in the emerging field of… More >

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2261

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Ram P. Ghosh¹, Matteo Bianchi¹, Gil Marom², Oren M. Rotman¹, Brandon Kovarovic¹, Danny Bluestein^1,*
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 12-14, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07379
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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1275

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Gloria B. Kim^1,†, Qiong Wei^2,†, Virginia Aragon-Sanabria¹, Sulin Zhang², Jian Yang¹, Cheng Dong^1,*
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 15-15, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07137
Abstract Most cells survive and grow by attaching and spreading on a substrate. They generate internal tension that contracts the cell body and thus exert tractions on the underlying substrate through focal adhesions. Traction force also plays a critical role in many biological processes, such as inflammation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Thus, measuring the cell traction force provides valuable information on understanding the underlying mechanism of these biological processes. Here, a traction force microscopy (TFM) method using super thin hydrogels composed of immobilized fluorescent beads was utilized to quantify the mechanical forces generated during the transmigration of Jurkat cells (a human T… More >

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1216

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Mohammadali Sharzehee¹, Yuan Chang², Jiang-ping Song², Hai-Chao Han^1,*
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 16-17, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07129
Abstract A myocardial bridge (MB), a congenital anomaly of the coronary artery, occurs when a segment of the epicardial coronary artery goes underneath the myocardium. MBs are often observed in the middle part of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. MB squeezes the vessel wall periodically and induces hemodynamic abnormalities which are correlated with angina and myocardial ischemia. The level of hemodynamics disturbances induced by MB depends on the myocardial bridge length, the degree of myocardial contractility, thickness, and location [1]. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), characterized by abnormal thickening of the heart wall, is a leading cause of death in patients of… More >

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1284

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G.S. Kassab^1,*
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 18-18, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.08416
Abstract In celebration of Dr. Fung’s 100 birthday, the presentation will focus on a biomechanical design-based approach to innovation of medical devices that addresses unmet clinical needs ranging from cardiovascular diseases (e.g., ischemic heart disease and heart failure) to obesity. The technologies attempt to restore biomechanical homeostasis through a minimally invasive (e.g., percutaneous or laproscopic) approach in time efficient and cost-effective manner. The illustratory technologies include: A) A catheter for selective retroperfusion and “arterialization” of coronary veins for myocardial revascularization; B) A suction-based catheter for ease of trans-septal access; and C) A laproscopic and reversible restrictive device for weight loss without… More >

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1124

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Mohammad R. K. Mofrad^1,*
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 19-20, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07429
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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2546

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1472

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Ning Wang^1,*
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 21-21, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07550
Abstract Decades ago YC Fung proposed that mechanical stress could have substantial impacts on remodeling and growth of living tissues. Fung also proposed the concept of residual stress in blood vessels and quantified residual stress in excised arteries [1]. However, how stress influences cell and tissue functions remains elusive. At the cellular level, we have quantified myosin II mediated pre-existing tensile stress (prestress) in living cells and demonstrated that the prestress (the endogenous cytoskeletal tension) regulates cell stiffness, gene expression, and long-distance stress propagation in the cytoplasm to activate enzymes [2]. The prestress even impacts on force-induced direct chromatin stretching and… More >

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1306

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Padmini Rangamani^1,*
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 22-22, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.08513
Abstract Endocytosis is the process of uptake of cargo and fluid from the extracellular space to inside the cell; defects in endo- cytosis contribute to a wide spectrum of diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration, and heart disease. Clathrin- mediated endocytosis (CME) is an archetypal example of a membrane deformation process where multiple variables such as pre-existing membrane curvature, membrane bending due to the protein machinery, membrane tension regulation, and actin-mediated forces govern the progression of vesiculation. My group has been working for the past few years on deciphering the biophysical determinants of CME using multiscale modeling. We recently showed that membrane tension… More >

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1284

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Liang Wang¹, Haibo Jia², Luping He², Rui Lv¹, Xiaoya Guo³, Chun Yang^4,5, Don P. Giddens^6,7, Habib Samady⁶, Akiko Maehara⁸, Gary S. Mintz⁸, Dalin Tang^1,*,5
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 23-24, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07522
Abstract Plaque erosion, one of the primary causes for coronary thrombosis, is responsible for about one third of the patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) [1]. Histological studies characterized the eroded plaque as a plaque with following morphological features: 1) plaque intima having direct contact with intraluminal thrombus due to the absence of endothelium or endothelial injury; 2) without rupture in the fibrous cap; 3) abundance of proteoglycans and smooth muscle cells on the luminal surface under the thrombus [2]. These characteristics has been applied in in vivo diagnosis of plaque erosion using optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging technology and specific… More >

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1158

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Biyue Liu^1,*, Dalin Tang²
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 25-26, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.06825
Abstract The blood flow and mass transport pattern of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in a right coronary artery with two stenoses are studied. Computations were carried out under physiological conditions. Our results show a strong correlation between wall shear stress (WSS) and distribution patterns of LDL. More >

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1116

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Rui Lv¹, Liang Wang¹, Dalin Tang^1,*,2
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 27-28, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.06829
Abstract Medical imaging and image-based computational modeling have been used by many researchers in recent years to quantify atherosclerotic plaque morphological and biomechanical characteristics and predict the coronary plaque growth and rupture processes. However, it has been hard to validate model predictions due to imaging resolution limitation, lack of clinical events and plaque rupture data. This article reviews recent advances in coronary plaque research over the past decade, including medical imaging techniques represented by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), computational modeling and their applications in plaque progression and vulnerability analyses and predictions. The clinical application and future development… More >

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Dominique P. Pioletti^1,*
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 29-30, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07050
Abstract From a mechanical point of view, articular cartilage can be considered as a viscoelastic porous material. Its dissipation capabilities are therefore central for its functional behavior. Based on this observation, we focused our studies of dissipative aspects in cartilage either from a biomechanical or mechanobiological point of view. In particular, we capitalized on the new obtained insight of dissipative behavior or sources in materials for the development of functional biomaterials for cartilage tissue engineering. We pioneered in proposing dissipation as a mechanobiological variable for cartilage tissue engineering [1]. As can be observed on Fig. 1, a correlation exists between the… More >

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1271

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Caining Zhang¹, Huaguang Li², Xiaoya Guo³, David Molony⁴, Xiaopeng Guo², Habib Samady⁴, Don P. Giddens^4,5, Lambros Athanasiou⁶, Rencan Nie^2,*, Jinde Cao^3,*, Dalin Tang^1,*,7
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 31-31, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.06983
Abstract Cardiovascular diseases are closely associated with deteriorating atherosclerotic plaques. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a recently developed intravascular imaging technique with high resolution approximately 10 microns and could provide accurate quantification of coronary plaque morphology. However, tissue segmentation of OCT images in clinic is still mainly performed manually by physicians which is time consuming and subjective. To overcome these limitations, two automatic segmentation methods for intracoronary OCT image based on support vector machine (SVM) and convolutional neural network (CNN) were performed to identify the plaque region and characterize plaque components. In vivo IVUS and OCT coronary plaque data from 5… More >

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Navid Mohammad Mirzaei¹, Pak-Wing Fok^1,*
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 32-33, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07088
Abstract Atherosclerosis is a disease considered to be one of the leading causes of death. Understanding the behavior and dynamics of the vessel wall before and after atherosclerosis has been a motivation for many studies. We investigate this phenomenon as a combination of mechanical deformation of the vessel wall along with cell and chemical dynamics that occur within. We consider the vessel wall as a growing hyperelastic material with three layers; intima,media and adventitia. Each of these layers have a different set of mechanical properties [1]. To describe tissue growth, we use morphoelasticity as the mathematical framework. The growth tensor in… More >

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1

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1

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Peirong Jiang¹, Zhensen Chen², Daniel S. Hippe², Hiroko Watase³, Bin Sun¹, Ruolan Lin¹, Zheting Yang¹, Yunjing Xue^1,*, Xihai Zhao^4,*, Chun Yuan^2,4
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 34-35, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07394
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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1220

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1

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1

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Peng Jing¹, Xiaolong Wang¹, Shigeho Noda², Xiaobo Gong^1,*
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 36-37, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07111
Abstract The motion of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in microcirculatory system is one of the critical steps during cancer metastasis. The moving behavior and stress distribution of circulating tumor cells under different geometry and flow conditions are important basis for studying the adhesion between circulating tumor cells and vessel walls. In the present work, the motion and deformation of circulating tumor cells in capillary tubes are numerically studied using the immersed boundary method (IBM). The membrane stress distribution of CTCs in confined tubes are investigated with under vessel diameters, hematocrit (Ht) values and capillary numbers (Ca). The results show that the… More >

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Ken-ichi Tsubota^1,2,*, Yuya Kodama¹, Hiroyoshi Aoki², Yutaka Yamagata²
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 38-39, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07285
Abstract We measured a blood flow in a polydimethysiloxane micro channel to reflect the complex geometry of a microvascular network. A flow rate was compared between two working fluids: water and blood. The measured flow rate reflected the bifurcation effects on the apparent viscosity determined by hematocrit, as well as the effects of the surrounding flow channels as bypasses. More >

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Fuzhou Tang¹, Jin Chen¹, Shichao Zhang¹, Zuquan Hu¹, Lina Liu¹, Long Li¹, Yan Ouyang¹, Zhu Zeng^1,*
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 40-41, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07082
Abstract As potent antigen presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) are utilized to deliver the signals essential for the initiation of immune responses. The motility of DCs is crucial for migration of immature DCs (imDCs) in peripheral tissue and the interaction between mature DCs (mDCs) and naïve T cells in the secondary lymph node. From biomechanical viewpoint, the deformability of cells is necessary for their motility. Deformation of cells can be divided into active deformation (e.g. chemotaxis) and passive deformation (e.g. migration under shear stress of blood flow). However, there is no detailed study on the deformability of DCs including imDCs and… More >

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1091

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Zhen Wang¹, Yi Sui¹, Wen Wang¹, Dominique Barthѐs-Biesel², Anne-Virginie Salsac^2,*
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 42-43, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07148
Abstract Capsules are liquid droplets enclosed by a thin membrane which can resist shear deformation. They are widely found in nature (e.g. red blood cells) and in numerous applications (e.g. food, cosmetic, biomedical and pharmaceutical industries [1]), where they often flow through a complicated network of tubes or channels: this is the case for RBCs in the human circulation or for artificial capsules flowing through microfluidic devices. Central to these flows is the dynamic motion of capsules at bifurcations, in particular the question of path selection. A good understanding of this problem is indeed needed to elucidate some intriguing phenomena in… More >

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1213

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Yue Mei^1,2,3, Stephane Avril^3,*
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 44-44, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07034
Abstract Characterizing regional variations of material properties in soft tissues is essential for biomedical engineering and clinical medicine, including but not limited to cancerous disease detection and patient-specific surgical planning of cardiovascular diseases. Identification of nonhomogeneous material property distribution usually requires solving inverse problems in nonlinear elasticity. Generally, inverse algorithms can be categorized into two groups: iterative inversion and direct inversion. In direct inversion, the material property distribution of soft tissues is estimated directly from the equilibrium equations, while the inverse problem is posed as an optimization problem in iterative inversion. In this presentation, we compare the performance of one direct… More >

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1117

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Dawei Song^1,*, Nicholas Hugenberg², Assad A Oberai¹
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 45-45, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07138
Abstract Tractions exerted by cells on the extracellular matrix (ECM) are critical in many important physiological and pathological processes such as embryonic morphogenesis, cell migration, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. Traction Force Microscopy (TFM) is a robust tool to quantify cellular tractions during cell-matrix interactions. It works by measuring the motion of fiducial markers inside the ECM in response to cellular tractions and using this information to infer the traction field. Most applications of this technique have heretofore assumed that the ECM is homogeneous and isotropic [1], although the native ECM is typically composed of fibrous networks, and thus heterogeneous and… More >

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1113

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Sevan Goenezen^1,*, Ping Luo¹, Baik Jin Kim¹, Maulik Kotecha¹, Yue Mei^2,3
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 46-48, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07348
Abstract It is well known that the mechanical properties of tissues may vary spatially due to changing tissue types or due to inherent tissue disease. For example, the biomechanical properties are known to vary throughout blood vessels [1]. Diseases such as cancers may also lead to locally altered mechanical properties, thus allow a preliminary diagnosis via finger palpation. Quantifying the mechanical property distribution of tissues for a given constitutive equation will allow to characterize the biomechanical response of tissues. This may help to 1) predict disease progression, 2) diagnose diseases that alter the biomechanics of the tissue, e.g., skin cancers, breast… More >

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1211

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1

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Satoshi Ii^1,*, Keisuke Ito¹, Naoya Takakusaki¹, Naoya Sakamoto¹
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 49-49, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07378
Abstract Cells adhere to a substrate and generate traction forces in focal adhesions that enable them to apprehend extracellular mechanical properties [1]. Current concerns are focused on mechanisms how the mechanical balances hold in the cell and affect the cell behavior, and therefore non-invasive measurement techniques for the cell traction forces are required. The cell traction force microscopy (TFM) generalized by Dembo and Wang [2] is an attractive approach to non-invasively estimate cell traction force fields, in which an inverse problem is solved using a mechanical model of the substrate and displacement fields from fluorescent images of immersed beads in the… More >

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1105

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Xuehuan He¹, Stephane Avril², Jia Lu^1,*
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 50-52, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07390
Abstract A Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network model [1] is developed to predict the strength of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (ATAA) tissues using tension-strain data and assess local rupture risk. The data were collected through in vitro inflation tests on ATAA samples from 12 patients who underwent surgical intervention [2]. An inverse stress analysis was performed to compute the wall tension at Gauss points. Some of these Gauss points are at or near sites where the samples eventually ruptured, while others are at locations where the tissue remained intact. A total of 27,648 tension- strain curves, including 26,676 2223 nonrupture and… More >

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1

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2

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Minliang Liu¹, Liang Liang², Xiaoying Lou³, Glen Iannucci³, Edward Chen³, Bradley Leshnower³, Wei Sun^1,*
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 53-53, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07387
Abstract It is well known that mechanical properties of the aortic wall exhibit patient-specific variations. Recent experimental findings also suggest the aortic wall properties are highly region-specific [1-2]. Thus, in vivo heterogeneous (non-uniform) nonlinear mechanical properties of the aortic wall of individual patients needs to be noninvasively identified for accurate prediction of clinical events (e.g. aortic rupture).
In this study, we developed an inverse approach for identification of patient-specific non-uniform material properties of the aortic wall from gated 3D CT scans. This inverse approach leverages the fact that the in vivo transmural mean stress (tension) of the aortic wall is… More >

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1073

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Long Li¹, Jinglei Hu², Fan Song^1,*
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 54-55, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07718
Abstract Cell adhesion is a fundamental biological process involved in many crucial cellular activities such as tissue formation, immune response, and cell locomotion [1, 2]. The adhesion process is mediated by the specific binding of membrane-anchored receptor and ligand proteins, which is quantified by the two-dimensional binding equilibrium constant [3-5]. These adhesion proteins are associated with cell membranes either via transmembrane domains or via GPI anchors, and may very likely generate membrane curvature, which has been shown for a number of membrane proteins to play an important role in organelle shaping, vesicle trafficking, cell fusion and division as well as protein… More >

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1065

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Han Yu¹, Tal Geva², Rahul H. Rathod², Alexander Tang², Chun Yang³, Zheyang Wu³, Kristen L. Billiar⁴, Xueying Huang⁵, Dalin Tang^1,*,3
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 56-57, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07257
Abstract Computational biomechanical models are widely used in cardiovascular research for better understanding of mechanisms governing disease development, quantitative diagnostic strategies and improved surgical designs with better outcome. Patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) account for the majority of cases with late onset right ventricle (RV) failure. The current surgical approach, which includes pulmonary valve replacement/insertion (PVR), has yielded mixed results. An innovative PVR surgical approach was proposed using active contracting bands to help ventricle to contract and improve RV function measured by ejection fraction [1]. Muscle active contraction caused by sarcomere shortening leads to change of zero-load configurations. In… More >

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1103

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Xueying Huang^1,*, Long Deng², Chun Yang³, Mary Lesperance⁴, Dalin Tang⁵
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 58-58, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.06969
Abstract Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) occurs in about 1 of every 500 adults in the general population. It has been reported that left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) is observed in 70% patients with HCM. Systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve (MV) is the dominant cause of dynamic outflow tract obstruction in most patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). Currently, the hemodynamic mechanisms of SAM remain unclear. In this study, we developed 12 active and corresponding passive models based on 6 patients’ pre- and post-operative ECG-gated cardiac CT images of patients’ LV at the pre-SAM time point (5% RR interval).… More >

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1094

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Caili Li^1,§, Christopher Baird², Jing Yao³, Chun Yang⁴, Liang Wang⁵, Han Yu⁵, Tal Geva⁶, Dalin Tang^5,*,7,§
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 59-59, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.06872
Abstract Pulmonary valve stenosis (PVS) is one common right ventricular outflow tract obstruction problem in patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Congenital bicuspid pulmonary valve (BPV) is a condition of valvular stenosis, and the occurrence of congenital BPV is often associated with TOF. Dynamic computational models of normal pulmonary root (PR) with tri-leaflet and PR with BPV in patients with TOF were developed to investigate the effect of geometric structure of BPV on valve stress and strain distributions. The pulmonary root geometry included valvular leaflets, sinuses, interleaflet triangles and annulus. Mechanical properties of pulmonary valve leaflet were obtained from biaxial testing… More >

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1073

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Zhuanyuan Meng¹, Tao Ma², Zhihui Dong², Shengzhang Wang^1,*, Weiguo Fu²
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 60-60, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07253
Abstract Thoracic endovascular aortic repair has been widely applied to treat Stanford Type B aortic dissection. However, retrograde type A dissection can occur as a complication after thoracic endovascular repair for Stanford type B aortic dissection. In order to investigated the possible mechanical reasons of the new entry occurring when stent grafts were implanted into the true lumen of one type B aortic dissection, a framework of virtual implantation of stent-graft by using finite element simulations was developed in this paper. The animal experiments were adopted to verify the finite element simulation of stent-graft implantation. Moreover, the manufactured stent-grafts were implanted… More >

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1115

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C. Ross Ethier^1,*, Dillon M. Brown¹, Erica Landis², Machelle T. Pardue^1,2,3
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 61-63, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07377
Abstract Myopia, or near-sightedness, is a common ocular condition in which the eye elongates excessively. Development of myopia is associated with, and thought to be facilitated by, changes in the biomechanical properties of the sclera (the white part of the eye). We characterized scleral biomechanics in a mouse model of myopia using unconfirmed compression testing and biphasic theory to extract scleral permeability, in- plane scleral tensile modulus, and through-plane scleral compressive modulus. We find that myopia reduces in-plane tensile modulus and permeability, consistent with scleral tissue remodeling. Such biomechanical outcome measures may offer advantages over more traditional assessments of myopia-associated changes… More >

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1179

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Wei Sun^1,*
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 64-64, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.08533
Abstract Fluid–structure interaction (FSI) is a common phenomenon in biological systems. FSI problems of practical interest, such as fish/mammalian swimming, insect/bird flight, and human cardiac blood flow and respiration often involve multiple 3D immersed bodies with complex geometries undergoing very large structural displacements, and inducing very complex flow phenomena. Simulation of heart valve FSI is a technically challenging problem due to the large deformation of the valve leaflets through the cardiac fluid domain in the atrium and ventricular chambers.
Recently, we developed a FSI computational framework [1] for modeling patient-specific left heart (LH) dynamics using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) for… More >

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1433

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Mingxing Ouyang^1,*, Zhili Qian¹, Yang Jin¹, Linhong Deng¹
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 65-65, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.06642
Abstract The collective functions at cell population level rely on cell-cell communications with or without direct contacts [1-3]. The long-range biomechanical force propagating across certain scales far beyond single cell size may reserve the capability to trigger coordinative biological responses within cell population [3-5]. Whether and how cells communicate with each other mechanically in a distant manner remains largely to be explored. Airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells are one crucial component in providing mechanical support and contraction force for the bronchial tubes in respiratory system, whereas the mechanical property of ASM is also associated with asthma attack, and during airway hyper-responsiveness,… More >

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Angran Li¹, Xiaoqi Chai², Ge Yang^2,3, Yongjie Jessica Zhang^1,2,*
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 66-66, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07633
Abstract Neurons exhibit remarkably complex geometry in their neurite networks. So far, how materials are transported in the complex geometry for survival and function of neurons remains an unanswered question. Answering this question is fundamental to understanding the physiology and disease of neurons. Here, we have developed an isogeometric analysis (IGA) based platform for material transport simulation in neurite networks. We modeled the transport process by reaction-diffusion-transport equations and represented geometry of the networks using truncated hierarchical tricubic B-splines (THB-spline3D). We solved the Navier-Stokes equations to obtain the velocity field of material transport in the networks. We then solved the transport… More >

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Wenhui Hu¹, Yun Wang¹, Jin Chen¹, Yonggang Song¹, Jinhua Long¹, Zhu Zeng^1,*
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 67-67, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07083
Abstract The responses of dendritic cells (DCs) to the mechanical microenvironment caused by implanted materials are highly correlated to the host immune responses and largely determines the outcome of tissue regeneration [1,2]. In the early stage of the inflammations following injury or implantation, a large amount of fibrin would deposit around the implanted materials and form a microporous fibrous-liked network structure, which can provide mechanical microenvironment with different spatial confinement in dimensions for following recruited DCs. Herein, we have established a useful model by salmon fibrin to mimic the deposited fibrin matrix and found that DCs cultured on or in fibrin… More >

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1078

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Zhu Zeng^1,*, Zuquan Hu¹, Qinni Zheng¹, Xiaoli Xu¹, Rong Dong¹, Hui Xue¹, Hui Yang¹
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 68-69, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07085
Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in initiating and amplifying both the innate and adaptive immune responses [1]. Clinically, the DCs-based immunotherapy against cancer is considered one of the most promising therapies to overcome cancers, but there are still many challenges need to be overcome [2]. The motility of DCs is especially crucial for migration of immature DCs into peripheral tissue and dynamic physical interaction between mature DCs and naive T cells in the secondary lymph node. This study focuses on the investigations of DCs at different differentiation stages and under various suppressive cytokines (VEGF, TGF-β1 and IL-10) conditioned… More >

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1163

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Sitong Zhou¹, Jiandi Wan^1,*
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 70-70, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.06978
Abstract Piezo proteins (Piezo1 and Piezo2) are recently identified mechanically activated cation channels in eukaryotic cells and associated with physiological responses to touch, pressure, and stretch. In particular, human RBCs express Piezo1 on their membranes, and mutations of Piezo1 have been linked to hereditary xerocytosis. To date, however, physiological functions of Piezo1 on normal RBCs remain poorly understood. Here, we show that Piezo1 regulates mechanotransductive release of ATP from human RBCs by controlling the shear-induced Ca2+ influx [1]. We find that, in human RBCs treated with Piezo1 inhibitors or having mutant Piezo1 channels, the amounts of shear-induced ATP release and Ca2+… More >

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Frederick H. Silver^1,*, Ruchit Shah²
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 71-71, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.08147
Abstract Vibrational Optical Coherence Tomography (VOCT) is new technique capable of noninvasively and nondestructively measuring the biomechanical properties of tissues in vivo. The technology utilizes audible sound combined with infra-red light applied transversely to the tissue surface to obtain the resonant frequencies of both the cellular and extracellular components of tissue. The measured value of the resonant frequency is related to the elastic modulus and the sample dimensions. The technique is calibrated by making in vitro measurements of the Young’s modulus using uniaxial tensile experiments on the same samples used to make VOCT measurements. In this presentation we describe the details… More >

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1083

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Dominick Benedetto^1,*, Frederick H. Silver²
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 72-72, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.08149
Abstract Vibrational Optical Coherence Tomography (VOCT) is new technique capable of nondestructively measuring the biomechanical properties of ocular tissues in vivo. The technology utilizes audible sound combined with OCT imaging to obtain the resonant frequencies of both the cellular and extracellular components of tissue. The measured value of the resonant frequency is converted into a modulus using the tissue thickness, determined by OCT imaging, and a calibration curve of tissue modulus versus resonant frequency squared divided by sample thickness obtained from in vitro experiments. In this presentation we extend our analysis to ocular tissues specifically the cornea and sclera and discuss… More >

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Frederick H. Silver^1,*, Ruchit G. Shah², Dominick Benedetto³
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 73-73, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.08150
Abstract Previous literature reports suggest that tissue stiffness is a predictor of cancer and metastatic behavior of lesions. We have used optical coherence tomography and vibrational analysis (VOCT) to characterize normal skin, scar, a verrucous carcinoma (a squamous cell carcinoma subtype), a basal cell carcinoma and benign skin lesions non-invasively and non-destructively. The results suggest that epidermal thickening and increased keratin and basal cell production occur in malignant lesions and lead to increases in surface hills and valleys as well as subsequent increases in epidermal stiffness values. Increased stiffness of the epidermis is a result of increased keratin and basal cell… More >

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1142

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Kerlin P. Robert¹, Jiaoyan Li², James D. Lee^1,*
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 74-74, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07125
Abstract This presentation focuses on the new and upcoming concept of 4D printing and its vast scope and importance in the research and development in industry. The 3D printing object is considered as a layered structure. Each layer may have different orientation. Therefore each layer may behave differently under the change of its environment. We formulate the theoretical shape changing process of 4D printing resulted from (I) the biological growth or swelling, (II) the change of temperature, and (III) the effect of electric field on piezoelectric material of the 3D printing product. Then we illustrate this theory visually through finite element… More >

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1179

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Hao Sun¹, Timothy Eswothy¹, Kerlin P. Robert¹, Jiaoyan Li², L. G. Zhang¹, James D. Lee^1,*
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 75-75, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07090
Abstract Most biological phenomena commonly involve with mechanics. In this work, we proposed an innovative model that tumor is considered as a pyroelastic medium consisting of two parts: solid and fluid. The variation of solid part depends on whether the drug has been effectively delivered to the tumor site. We derived the governing equations of the tumor, in which large deformation is incorporated. Meanwhile, the finite element equations for coupled displacement field and pressure field are formulated. We proposed two sets of porosity and growth tensor. In both cases the continuum theory and FEM are accompanied by accurate numerical simulations. To… More >

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1111

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Sung Yun Hann¹, Haitao Cui¹, Timothy Esworthy¹, Xuan Zhou¹, Se-jun Lee¹, Lijie Grace Zhang^1,2,3,4,*
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 76-76, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07314
Abstract The vascularization is the most significant to achieve efficient supplement of the nutrients and oxygen for tissue and organ regeneration. However, there is a remaining challenge to fabricate a durable and functional vascularized tissue. Currently, 3D printing has emerged as a promising technique to fabricate vascular networks in many studies due to its superior controllability, reproducibility, and repeatability. In the current study, the main objective is to utilize an advanced dual 3D printing technique including stereolithography (SLA) and fused deposition modeling (FDM) to create a biomimetic bone tissue with perfusable vascular networks. Specifically, the vascularized bone construct was fabricated by… More >

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