Open Access

REVIEW

Diana Boraschi¹, Davide Lucchesi¹, Stefan Hainzl², Maria Leitner², Elisabeth Maier², Doris Mangelberger², Gertie J. Oostingh², Tobias Pfaller², Claudia Pixner², Gernot Posselt², Paola Italiani¹, Marcel F. Nold^3,4, Claudia A. Nold-Petry^3,4, Philip Bufler⁵, Charles A. Dinarello³
European Cytokine Network, Vol.22, No.3, pp. 127-47, 2011, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2011.0288
Abstract The IL-1 family of cytokines encompasses eleven proteins that each share a similar β-barrel structure and bind to Ig-like receptors. Some of the IL-1-like cytokines have been well characterised, and play key roles in the development and regulation of inflammation. Indeed, IL-1α (IL-1F1), IL-1β (IL-1F2), and IL-18 (IL-1F4) are well-known inflammatory cytokines active in the initiation of the inflammatory reaction and in driving Th1 and Th17 inflammatory responses. In contrast, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra, IL-1F3) and the receptor antagonist binding to IL-1Rrp2 (IL-36Ra, IL-1F5) reduce inflammation by blocking the binding of the agonist receptor ligands.… More >

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Open Access

REVIEW

Lara Garabedian¹, Sofie Struyf², Ghislain Opdenakker², Silvano Sozzani³, Jo Van Damme², Geneviève Laureys¹
European Cytokine Network, Vol.22, No.3, pp. 148-153, 2011, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2011.0290
Abstract Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder characterized by an abnormal accumulation and/or proliferation of cells with a Langerhans cell phenotype. Although no clear cause of LCH has been identified, it has been postulated that LCH might be the consequence of an immune dysregulation, causing Langerhans cells to migrate to and accumulate at various sites. Production of cytokines and chemokines is a central feature of immune regulation. Cytokines are abundantly present within LCH lesions. We review here the potential role of cytokines and chemokines in the pathogenesis of LCH. The type, distribution, and number More >

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Open Access

ARTICLE

Heba H. Al-Habboubi, Mai S. Sater, Ahmad W. Almawi, Ghada M. Al-Khateeb, Wassim Y. Almawi
European Cytokine Network, Vol.22, No.3, pp. 154-158, 2011, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2011.0289
Abstract Objective. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a pro-angiogenic factor. Variability in VEGF expression, induced by specific VEGFA variants, are involved in angiogenesis-related disorders. This study examined the genotype distribution and functional role (VEGF expression) of rs699947, rs833061, rs1570360, rs2010963, rs833068, rs833070, rs3025020, and rs3025039 VEGFA variants and their haplotypes in 519 healthy Bahraini individuals of both genders. Methods and results. The distribution of the eight VEGFA polymorphisms screened was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The minor allele frequencies of rs699947 (0.42), rs833061 (0.32), rs1570360 (0.31), rs2010963 (0.33), rs833068 (0.37), rs833070 (0.42), rs3025020 (0.33), and rs3025039 (0.13)… More >

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Open Access

ERRATUM

European Cytokine Network, Vol.22, No.3, pp. 159-159, 2011
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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