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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Sifei Yu¹, Xi Luo², Binyan Yang¹, Li Xiao¹, Xingmei Wu³, Huabin Li³, Changyou Wu¹
European Cytokine Network, Vol.30, No.4, pp. 114-122, 2019, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2015.0368
Abstract Tonsils are important lymphoid organs in which B cells and T cells complete their maturation and identify cells that are infected by pathogens. However, the functions of T cells in human tonsils remain unclear, especially the characteristics of polyfunctional CD4⁺ T helper cells. In this study, we used multi-color flow cytometry to analyze the expression or co-expression of effector cytokines in CD4⁺ T cells from tonsillar tissues. We have demonstrated that tonsillar CD4⁺ T cell can express various Th effector cytokines after short-term polyclonal stimulation, and that cytokine-producing CD4⁺ T cells were CD45RO+ T cells. In addition, More >

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Laleh Sharifi^1,2, Asghar Aghamohammadi^1,3, Nima Rezaei^3,4,5, Reza Yazdani¹, Farhad Rezaei⁶, Saied Bokaie⁷, Farzaneh Tofighi Zavareh^2,8, Fatemeh Kiaee³, Ali N. Kamali⁹, Gholamreza Azizi¹⁰, Abbas Mirshafiey^1,8
European Cytokine Network, Vol.30, No.4, pp. 123-129, 2019, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2019.0435
Abstract Introduction: Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic form of primary immunodeficiencies. Current research data show altered B cells, TLRs, and cytokine profile in CVID patients. The aim of this study was to determine levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in CVID patients in response to TLRs stimulation and the association of these cytokines with subtypes of B cells and response to Pneumovax-23 vaccination. Method: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of CIVD patients were stimulated with and without TLR2 and TLR4 agonist and specific inhibitors including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic (LTA), and OxPAPC. The levels of… More >

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Gautier Breville¹, Agustina M. Lascano¹, Pascale Roux-Lombard^2,4, Patrice H. Lalive^1,2,3
European Cytokine Network, Vol.30, No.4, pp. 130-134, 2019, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2019.0436
Abstract This pilot study was designed to compare the levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8), a pro-inflammatory chemokine, in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), non-inflammatory polyneuropathy (PNP), and other non-inflammatory neurological diseases (functional syndrome or migraine). The results show elevated CSF IL-8 levels in GBS compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). IL-8 could be considered a potential biomarker to differentiate GBS from CIDP. This distinction could be relevant in terms of therapeutic decisions and functional prognosis. More >

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Sara Youssry¹, Maher A. Kamel²
European Cytokine Network, Vol.30, No.4, pp. 135-143, 2019, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2019.0437
Abstract Background and aims: Chronic hepatic inflammation is an important pathogenic mediator of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that contributes to disease severity. It is commonly suggested that autophagy dysfunction may be an underlying cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the exact role of autophagy in lipid metabolism remains controversial. There has been a growing interest in the role of folate supplementation for the treatment and/or prevention of NAFLD. We aimed in this study to investigate the effects of different doses of folate supplementation on several immune markers and autophagy trying to explore the complex… More >

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Nazanin Chatrabnous¹, Abdollah Jafarzadeh^1,2, Abass Ghaderi^3,4, Ali Ariafar⁵, Najmeh Aminizadeh⁶, Farzaneh Ghassabi⁷, Maryam Nemati^2,8
European Cytokine Network, Vol.30, No.4, pp. 144-150, 2019, DOI:10.1684/ ecn.2019.0438
Abstract Background: Inflammation has a prominent role in cancer development and interleukin (IL)-33 has both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to measure IL-33 quantities and genetic alterations in the rs1929992 SNP within IL-33 gene in patients with prostate cancer (PC). Methods: This investigation was conducted on blood specimens from 150 newly diagnosed PC patients and 150 healthy age-matched controls. Serum IL-33 measurements and genotyping were performed by ELISA and PCR-RFLP, respectively. Results: Elevated IL-33 quantities were detected in PC patients compared with controls (P < 0.001). The PC patients with Gleason… More >

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Joanna Krajewska (Wojciechowska)¹, Katarzyna Kos·cielska-Kasprzak², Wojciech Krajewski³, Krzysztof Morawski¹
European Cytokine Network, Vol.30, No.4, pp. 151-159, 2019, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2019.0439
Abstract Background: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is an autoimmune disorder of unknown etiology with dysregulated cytokines levels. Objectives: The main aim of this study was to assess the clinical correlation between antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) serum levels of the microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-32 and interleukin-6. Methods: Study included 71 patients, 47 with GPA and 24 with MPA. Serum IL-32 and IL-6 concentrations were analyzed in all patients, and compared with levels observed in 10 controls. IL-32 and IL-6 were evaluated using DuoSet and… More >

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Katarina Mirjačić Martinović¹, Milica Milićević¹, Annette K Larsen², Radan Džodić^3,4, Vladimir Jurišić⁵, Gordana Konjević^1,4, Ana Vuletić¹
European Cytokine Network, Vol.30, No.4, pp. 160-167, 2019, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2019.0440
Abstract Objective: Stage II melanoma patients have high risk for regional and distant metastases and may benefit from novel therapeutic strategies. To clarify the role of NK cells in Stage II melanoma, we characterized the cytotoxic activity of NK cells and the expression of various activating and inhibitory receptors in high-risk cutaneous melanoma patients (Stages IIB and IIC) compared to low-risk patients (Stage IA). Materials and Methods: Native and cytokinetreated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used for functional and phenotypical analyses. Results: Compared to Stage IA-B patients, Stage IIB-C patients showed significantly decreased NK cell activity,… More >

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