Open Access

REVIEW

Muazzam Jacobs¹, Arina Samarina², Sergei Grivennikov^2,3, Tania Botha⁴, Nasiema Allie¹, Cecile Fremond², Dieudonnée Togbe², Virginie Vasseur², Stephanie Rose², Francois Erard², Analbery Monteiro², Sergei Nedospasov^3,5, Valerie Quesniaux², Bernhard Ryffel^1,2
European Cytokine Network, Vol.18, No.1, pp. 1-9, 2007, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2007.0083
Abstract Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is required in the control of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis. TNF is essential and non-redundant for forming microbiocidal granulomas, and cannot be replaced by other members of the TNF family. We established a model of latent Mtb infection in mice, allowing investigation of the reactivation of latent Mtb as observed in patients receiving TNF-neutralizing therapy used in rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease. Antibody neutralization of TNF is able to reactivate clinically silent Mtb infection. Using mutant mice expressing solely membrane, but not soluble TNF, we demonstrated More >

View

38

Download

32

Open Access

ARTICLE

J. Mohler¹, P. Moine¹, E. Azoulay-Dupuis¹, D. Henin², B. Fantin¹
European Cytokine Network, Vol.18, No.1, pp. 1-8, 2007, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2007.0082
Abstract We used a Balb/c mouse model of pneumococcal pneumonia to investigate the protection mechanisms induced by immunization with a polyvalent 23 epitope polysaccharide pneumonia vaccine. Groups of mice were injected x 4 times s.c. within one month, with this vaccine preparation. Mice were subsequently challenged at day 45, with a lethal, intratracheal inoculum of two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae – either a highly virulent and strongly immunogenic serotype 3 strain (P4241), or a less virulent and weakly immunogenic serotype 19F strain (P15986). The intratracheal S. pneumoniae challenge-induced lethality, antibody response, bacterial clearance, and cytokine secretions were monitored… More >

View

36

Download

29

Open Access

ARTICLE

Gy. Farkas Jr.¹, P. Hofner², A. Balog², T. Takács³, A. Szabolcs³, Gy. Farkas¹, Yvette Mándi²
European Cytokine Network, Vol.18, No.1, pp. 1-7, 2007, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2007.0084
Abstract Cytokine regulation may be an important factor in the susceptibility for the development of chronic pancreatitis; transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic fibrogenesis. The aim of our study was to analyse the relevance of TGF-β1, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α) polymorphisms in patients with chronic pancreatitis.Patients: of the 83 patients enrolled in the study, 43 were treated medically and 40 patients underwent surgical intervention. Healthy blood donors (n = 75) served as controls.Methods: the polymorphisms of TGF-β1 +869 T→ C and IL-8 -251 T→A were determined… More >

View

27

Download

27

Open Access

ARTICLE

Celia Murciano, Alberto Yánez, M. Luisa Gil, Daniel Gozalbo
European Cytokine Network, Vol.18, No.1, pp. 1-5, 2007, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2007.0085
Abstract The in vitro production of TNF-α and IFN-γ in response to Candida albicans was investigated in wild-type, TLR2-/- and TLR4-/- murine cells. TLR2-/- resident peritoneal macrophages showed a strong impairment of TNF-a production in response to viable and non-viable (heat-killed, antimycotic-treated and formaldehyde-fixed) yeasts and hyphae (germ tube-bearing cells) of the high virulence C. albicans ATCC 26555 strain, as compared with macrophages from wild-type and TLR4-/- mice. The in vitro production of IFN-γ was investigated in murine splenocytes obtained three days after intravenous injection with the low virulence, non-germinative C. albicans PCA2 strain, and again, TLR2-/- splenocytes showed More >

View

36

Download

22

Open Access

REVIEW

Muazzam Jacobs¹, Arina Samarina², Sergei Grivennikov^2,3, Tania Botha⁴, Nasiema Allie¹, Cecile Fremond², Dieudonnée Togbe², Virginie Vasseur², Stephanie Rose², Francois Erard², Analbery Monteiro², Valerie Quesniaux², Bernhard Ryffel^1,2
European Cytokine Network, Vol.18, No.1, pp. 5-13, 2007, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2007.0083
Abstract Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is required in the control of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis. TNF is essential and non-redundant for forming microbiocidal granulomas, and cannot be replaced by other members of the TNF family. We established a model of latent Mtb infection in mice, allowing investigation of the reactivation of latent Mtb as observed in patients receiving TNF-neutralizing therapy used in rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease. Antibody neutralization of TNF is able to reactivate clinically silent Mtb infection. Using mutant mice expressing solely membrane, but not soluble TNF, we demonstrated More >

View

33

Download

27

Open Access

ARTICLE

Junsuke Shirai¹, Kikumi Ogihara², Ai Masumoto³, Kazuki Morioka¹, Yuko Naya², Yoshinori Tsuchiya¹, Yuichi Yokomizo⁴
European Cytokine Network, Vol.18, No.1, pp. 10-17, 2007, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2007.0081
Abstract Cytokine production from two unstimulated porcine cell lines (SL-24 and SK-L) was examined using porcine cytokine detection ELISA kits and RT-PCR. Porcine IL-1α, IL-6, and CXCL8 were detected in all samples examined. In particular, the SL-24 cell line (derived from bone marrow cells of a malignant lymphoma-affected pig), produced large amounts of porcine CXCL8. Flow cytometer analysis showed the cell line to be strongly CD44 positive, and was therefore considered to be of monocyte or macrophage origin. Porcine CXCL8 production was greatest (83.86 ± 32.33 ng/mL) at six days post-cultivation. The SK-L cell line (derived… More >

View

36

Download

31

Open Access

ARTICLE

Junsuke Shirai^1,3, Kikumi Ogihara², Ai Masumoto³, Kazuki Morioka¹, Yuko Naya², Yoshinori Tsuchiya¹, Yuichi Yokomizo⁴
European Cytokine Network, Vol.18, No.1, pp. 14-22, 2007, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2007.0081
Abstract Cytokine production from two unstimulated porcine cell lines (SL-24 and SK-L) was examined using porcine cytokine detection ELISA kits and RT-PCR. Porcine IL-1α, IL-6, and CXCL8 were detected in all samples examined. In particular, the SL-24 cell line (derived from bone marrow cells of a malignant lymphoma-affected pig), produced large amounts of porcine CXCL8. Flow cytometer analysis showed the cell line to be strongly CD44 positive, and was therefore considered to be of monocyte or macrophage origin. Porcine CXCL8 production was greatest (83.86 ± 32.33 ng/mL) at six days post-cultivation. The SK-L cell line (derived… More >

View

37

Download

29

Open Access

ARTICLE

J. Mohler¹, P. Moine¹, E. Azoulay-Dupuis¹, D. Henin², B. Fantin¹
European Cytokine Network, Vol.18, No.1, pp. 18-25, 2007, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2007.0082
Abstract We used a Balb/c mouse model of pneumococcal pneumonia to investigate the protection mechanisms induced by immunization with a polyvalent 23 epitope polysaccharide pneumonia vaccine. Groups of mice were injected x 4 times s.c. within one month, with this vaccine preparation. Mice were subsequently challenged at day 45, with a lethal, intratracheal inoculum of two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae – either a highly virulent and strongly immunogenic serotype 3 strain (P4241), or a less virulent and weakly immunogenic serotype 19F strain (P15986). The intratracheal S. pneumoniae challenge-induced lethality, antibody response, bacterial clearance, and cytokine secretions were monitored… More >

View

37

Download

27

Open Access

ARTICLE

Jacqueline Mohler¹, Pierre Moine¹, Esther Azoulay-Dupuis¹, Dominique Henin², Bruno Fantin¹
European Cytokine Network, Vol.18, No.1, pp. 23-30, 2007, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2007.0082
Abstract We used a Balb/c mouse model of pneumococcal pneumonia to investigate the protection mechanisms induced by immunization with a polyvalent 23 epitope polysaccharide pneumonia vaccine. Groups of mice were injected x 4 times s.c. within one month, with this vaccine preparation. Mice were subsequently challenged at day 45, with a lethal, intratracheal inoculum of two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae – either a highly virulent and strongly immunogenic serotype 3 strain (P4241), or a less virulent and weakly immunogenic serotype 19F strain (P15986). The intratracheal S. pneumoniae challenge-induced lethality, antibody response, bacterial clearance, and cytokine secretions were monitored… More >

View

34

Download

27

Open Access

ARTICLE

Gy. Farkas Jr.¹, P. Hofner², A. Balog², T. Takács³, A. Szabolcs³, Gy. Farkas¹, Yvette Mándi²
European Cytokine Network, Vol.18, No.1, pp. 26-32, 2007, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2007.0084
Abstract Cytokine regulation may be an important factor in the susceptibility for the development of chronic pancreatitis; transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic fibrogenesis. The aim of our study was to analyse the relevance of TGF-b1, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) polymorphisms in patients with chronic pancreatitis.Patients: of the 83 patients enrolled in the study, 43 were treated medically and 40 patients underwent surgical intervention. Healthy blood donors (n = 75) served as controls.Methods: the polymorphisms of TGF-β1 +869 T→ C and IL-8 -251 T→A were determined… More >

View

39

Download

25

Open Access

ARTICLE

Gyula Farkas Jr.¹, Peter Hofner², Attila Balog², Tamas Takács³, Annamaria Szabolcs³, Gyula Farkas¹, Yvette Mándi²
European Cytokine Network, Vol.18, No.1, pp. 31-37, 2007, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2007.0084
Abstract Cytokine regulation may be an important factor in the susceptibility for the development of chronic pancreatitis; transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic fibrogenesis. The aim of our study was to analyse the relevance of TGF-b1, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) polymorphisms in patients with chronic pancreatitis.Patients: of the 83 patients enrolled in the study, 43 were treated medically and 40 patients underwent surgical intervention. Healthy blood donors (n = 75) served as controls.Methods: the polymorphisms of TGF-β1 +869 T→ C and IL-8 -251 T→A were determined… More >

View

43

Download

39

Open Access

ARTICLE

Celia Murciano, Alberto Yánez, M. Luisa Gil, Daniel Gozalbo
European Cytokine Network, Vol.18, No.1, pp. 33-37, 2007, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2007.0085
Abstract The in vitro production of TNF-α and IFN-γ in response to Candida albicans was investigated in wild-type, TLR2-/- and TLR4-/- murine cells. TLR2-/- resident peritoneal macrophages showed a strong impairment of TNF-α production in response to viable and non-viable (heat-killed, antimycotic-treated and formaldehyde-fixed) yeasts and hyphae (germ tube-bearing cells) of the high virulence C. albicans ATCC 26555 strain, as compared with macrophages from wild-type and TLR4-/- mice. The in vitro production of IFN-γ was investigated in murine splenocytes obtained three days after intravenous injection with the low virulence, non-germinative C. albicans PCA2 strain, and again, TLR2-/- splenocytes showed More >

View

37

Download

29

Open Access

ARTICLE

Celia Murciano, Alberto Yánez, M. Luisa Gil, Daniel Gozalbo
European Cytokine Network, Vol.18, No.1, pp. 38-43, 2007, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2007.0085
Abstract The in vitro production of TNF-a and IFN-c in response to Candida albicans was investigated in wild type, TLR2-/- and TLR4-/- murine cells. TLR2-/- resident peritoneal macrophages showed a strong impairment of TNF-α production in response to viable and non-viable (heat-killed, antimycotic-treated and formaldehydefixed) yeasts and hyphae (germ tube-bearing cells) of the high virulence C. albicans ATCC 26555 strain, as compared with macrophages from wild-type and TLR4-/- mice. The in vitro production of IFN-γ was investigated in murine splenocytes obtained three days after intravenous injection with the low virulence, non-germinative C. albicans PCA2 strain, and again, TLR2-/- More >

View

39

Download

28