Open Access

REVIEW

Chen Liu, Xiaomeng Liu, Hongyuan Zhou, Wei Zhang, Tianqiang Song
European Cytokine Network, Vol.34, No.4, pp. 38-45, 2023, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2023.0483
Abstract The regenerative ability of the liver is essential for maintaining physiological functions and the injury repair process. The biological mechanisms that regulate liver regeneration remain poorly defined. These mechanisms are notable issues in clinical practice that affect the treatment of hepatic loss caused by hepatectomy, hepatic poisoning, or chronic viral infection. Increasing evidence shows that numerous growth factors, cytokines, and metabolic pathways influence the liver regenerative process. Of particular importance are cytokines and growth factors, which affect different stages of liver regeneration. In this review, we summarize the results obtained from studies that focused on More >

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ARTICLE

Wei Zhuang, Zhen Li
European Cytokine Network, Vol.34, No.4, pp. 46-53, 2023, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2023.0489
Abstract Background: There is currently no safe or effective treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is defined as recurrent and persistent intestinal inflammation. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) has been shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of IBD, and the JAK2/STAT5 signalling pathway has demonstrated much promise as a novel therapeutic target for IBD. Materials and Methods: In this study, we first evaluated levels of TSLP in dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced IBD mice. Second, we applied tezepelumab, an anti-TSLP monoclonal antibody (20 µg per mouse, intraperitoneally), to DSS-induced IBD mice and quantified the signs of histopathological change,… More >

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ARTICLE

Areej Jorban^1,2,3,4, Eitan Lunenfeld⁵, Mahmoud Huleihel^1,2,3,4,*
European Cytokine Network, Vol.34, No.4, pp. 54-62, 2023, DOI:10.1684/ ecn.2023.0490
Abstract Spermatogenesis is the complicated process of sperm generation. During this process, spermatogonial cells proliferate and differentiate via meiotic and post-meiotic stages to produce mature sperm. This process is under the regulation of testicular autocrine/paracrine factors. In addition, endocrine factors are crucial to complete spermatogenesis. We aimed to localize granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and its receptor (GM-CSFR) in testicular cells and further evaluate its involvement in the development of spermatogenesis in vitro. We isolated cells from seminiferous tubule cells of seven-day-old mice and cultured them in vitro using a methylcellulose culture system (MCS), in the presence of GM-CSF… More >

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ARTICLE

Mohammad Reza Haghshenas¹, Zahra Shiravani², Mohammad Samare-Najaf³, Soolmaz Khansalar¹, Seyed Ali Razavinasab⁴, Abbas Ghaderi¹, Navid Jamali⁵
European Cytokine Network, Vol.34, No.4, pp. 63-69, 2023, DOI:10.1684/ ecn.2023.0491
Abstract Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is recognized as the second most common type of cancer among women. Interleukin-37 (IL-37) is a recently discovered member of the IL-1 cytokine family characterized by its anti-inflammatory properties, which are believed to have both anti-tumour and tumorigenic effects. However, the precise role of IL-37 in the development of EC remains largely unknown. Objective: In the current study, we aimed to explore genotype and allele frequencies of the IL-37 gene (rs4241122) and measure IL-37 protein levels in patients with EC, with a view to determining the clinical significance in these patients. Methods: A… More >

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