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REVIEW

Guilherme Cesar Martelossi Cebinelli, Kleber Paiva Trugilo, Stephanie Badaró Garcia, Karen Brajão de Oliveira
European Cytokine Network, Vol.27, No.4, pp. 81-89, 2016, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2016.0382
Abstract Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a role in several biological processes. TGF-ß1 is the most abundantly expressed isoform, associated with susceptibility to various diseases, and several polymorphisms have been described in the TGF-β1 gene structure, and some of them have been associated with functional implications. To date, eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one deletion/insertion polymorphism have been shown to affect TGF-β1 expression (rs2317130, rs11466313, rs1800468, rs1800469, rs11466314, rs1800471, rs1800470, and rs11466316); some of these interfere with transcriptional regulation by affecting the binding of transcription factors binding, while others interfere More >

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ARTICLE

Hui Lu, Rong Wang, Wenbin Li, Hua Xie, Chang Wang, Ying Hao, Yuhuan Sun, Zhengping Jia
European Cytokine Network, Vol.27, No.4, pp. 90-96, 2016, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2016.0383
Abstract Extensive studies have been performed on acute mountain sickness (AMS), but biomarkers predicting AMS are lacking. Presently, the mainstay methods to identify AMS biomarkers include proteomic and genetic methods at high altitudes or in hypoxic simulated chambers. In the present study, we compared plasma cytokine profiles between AMS-susceptible individuals and AMS-resistant individuals at low altitude by cytokine array analysis. In total, 75 differentially expressed cytokines were identified between AMS-susceptible individuals and AMS-resistant individuals, most involved in inflammation. A quantifiable human custom cytokine antibody array was then used to further test results of cytokine array analysis.… More >

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Open Access

ARTICLE

Anwar D. Maraqa
European Cytokine Network, Vol.27, No.4, pp. 97-101, 2016, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2016.0384
Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate a possible effect of atorvastatin on renal interleukins (ILs) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in type 1 diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty-two male rats from a local Wister-derived strain were included in this prospective study and were classified into four groups. Each group consisted of eight animals: Group 1, non-diabetic negative controls; Group 2, diabetic positive controls; Group 3, non-diabetic rats receiving atorvastatin for 4 weeks; and Group 4, diabetic rats receiving atorvastatin for 4 weeks. At the end of the designated period, the animals were sacrificed by cervical… More >

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ARTICLE

Vyacheslav A. Shmarov, Vladimir V. Malashchenko, Maksim E. Meniailo, Natalia D. Gazatova, Natalia M. Todosenko, Olga B. Melashchenko, Andrei G. Goncharov, Victor I. Seledtsov
European Cytokine Network, Vol.27, No.4, pp. 102-107, 2016, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2016.0385
Abstract CD3+ T lymphocytes were isolated by positive magnetic separation from the peripheral blood of healthy donors. In the absence of any additional activating stimuli, interleukin-7 (IL-7) was shown to augment the levels of T cells expressing CD25 activation marker both in CD4-positive and in CD4-negative effector memory (CD45RA^-CD197^-) T cell subsets, as well as in terminally differentiated (CD45RA⁺CD197^-) T cells, without significantly affecting the activation status of naive (CD45RA⁺CD197⁺) and central memory (CD45RA-CD197⁺) T cells. In addition, IL-7 noticeably enhanced the production of IL-2, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and IL-10, but not IL-4, in T cells. The direct effects… More >

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ARTICLE

Qi Wang, Hui Wang, Qiang Ju, Zhen Ding, Xing Ge, Qiao-Mei Shi, Ji-Long Zhou, Xiao-Long Zhou, Jin-Peng Zhang, Mei-Rong Zhang, Hong-Min Yu, Li-Chun Xu
European Cytokine Network, Vol.27, No.4, pp. 108-113, 2016, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2016.0380
Abstract Background: The androgen receptor (AR) can be stimulated by interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the absence of androgens to induce prostate cancer progression. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the co-activator steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) and co-repressor silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors (SMRT) are involved in IL-6-induced AR activation. Methods: The effects of IL-6 on LNCaP cell proliferation were monitored using real-time cell analysis (RTCA) iCELLigence system. The impacts of IL-6 on the association of the AR with SRC-1 and SMRT were investigated using the mammalian two-hybrid assay. Results: IL-6 increased More >

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