GM-CSF-producing lymphocytes in tumor-draining lymph nodes of patients with bladder cancer
Ali Ariafar1,2,a, Mohammadrasul Zareinejad3,4,a, Mohammadreza Soltani1, Yasmin Vahidi3, Zahra Faghih3
European Cytokine Network, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 1-7, 2021, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2021.0462
Abstract Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is the tenth common cancer worldwide. Despite progress in treatment and the use of chemotherapeutic drugs, the survival rate of BC patients is still low. Manipulation of the immune system was recently introduced as an interesting alternative treatment for this immunogenic cancer with fewer side effects. Accordingly, in the present study, we assessed the frequency of GM-CSF-producing lymphocytes in tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) of BC patients and evaluated their relationship with clinicopathological factors and survival rate. Methods: Fifty-four patients with BC who had received no treatment were recruited. Mononuclear cells were… More >
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