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REVIEW

Shahriar Dabiri¹, Ashraf Kariminik², Derek Kennedy³
European Cytokine Network, Vol.27, No.2, pp. 16-22, 2016, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2016.0375
Abstract Chemokines and their corresponding receptors serve as pro-inflammatory and migratory signals for immune cells. CXCR3 and its corresponding ligands, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11, participate in the induction of immune responses against several foreign antigens. Numerous cells, including macrophages, NK cells and T lymphocytes, express CXCR3 and thus, expression of the receptor and its ligands can induce activity of these important immune cells against foreign antigens, including allogeneic grafts. Several parameters of the immune system participate in the induction and stimulation of powerful immune responses against allogeneic grafts. A thorough understanding of the parameters that regulate More >

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ARTICLE

Gwellaouen Bodivit^1,2, Philippe Chadebech^1,2, Isabelle Vigon^4,5,6,8, Azzedine Yacia^4,5,6, Nicolas Burin des Roziers^1,2,9, France Pirenne^1,2,3,a, Serge Fichelson^4,5,6,7,a
European Cytokine Network, Vol.27, No.2, pp. 23-33, 2016, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2016.0374
Abstract Background: In spite of recent key improvements, in vitro mass production of erythrocytes from human stem cells is still limited by difficulties in obtaining sufficient numbers of erythroid progenitors. In fact, such progenitors are as scarce in the bone marrow as in peripheral blood. Study design and Methods: We used a two-step culture model of human cord blood-derived erythroid progenitors in the presence or absence of highpurity neuraminidase, in a serum-free, defined culture medium. Granulocytic and megakaryocytic progenitor cell expansions were also studied. Results: We show that significant enhancement of erythroid cell generation is obtained… More >

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ARTICLE

Li Liu^1,6, Fu-gang Li^1,6,a, Man Yang³, Li Wang^1,2, Yue Chen¹, Li Wang⁴, Wen Ji², Jun-ming Fan^1,2,5,6
European Cytokine Network, Vol.27, No.2, pp. 34-40, 2016, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2016.0373
Abstract Background: Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is a pathological change common to a variety of chronic renal diseases, ultimately progressing to end-stage renal failure. It is believed that epithelial cell phenotype inversion plays an important role in RIF, which is characterized by expression of the mesenchymal maker α-SMA, loss of the epithelial maker E-cadherin, and enhanced secretion of extracellular matrix. IL-17, a newly discovered proinflammatory cytokine, has recently been reported to play an important role in tissue fibrosis, involving pulmonary, liver, intestine and skin tissues. This study aimed to investigate whether IL-17A, a member of the… More >

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ARTICLE

Fadi. H. Mourad^1,2, Tamim. Hamdi¹, Kassem. A. Barada^1,2, Nayef. E. Saadé¹
European Cytokine Network, Vol.27, No.2, pp. 41-53, 2016, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2016.0376
Abstract Introduction: Increased levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were observed in various segments of histologically-intact small intestine in animal models of acute and chronic colitis. Whether these cytokines are produced locally or spread from the inflamed colon is not known. In addition, the role of gut innervation in this upregulation is not fully understood. Aims: To examine whether cytokines are produced de novo in the small intestine in two rat models of colitis; and to investigate the role of capsaicin-sensitive primary afferents in the synthesis of these inflammatory cytokines. Methods: Colitis was induced by rectal… More >

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ARTICLE

Magdalena Paplinska-Goryca, Patrycja Nejman-Gryz, Małgorzata Proboszcz, Rafał Krenke
European Cytokine Network, Vol.27, No.2, pp. 54-62, 2016, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2016.0377
Abstract Background: Airway epithelium is an active and important component of the immunological response in the pathophysiology of obstructive lung diseases. Recent studies suggest an important role for vitamin D3 in asthma severity and treatment response. Objective: Our study evaluated the influence of an active form of vitamin D3 on the expression of selected mediators of allergic inflammation in the respiratory epithelium. Material and Methods: Primary nasal and bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to1,25D3 for 1 hour and were then stimulated or not with IL-4, TNF-α, LPS, and poly I:C. After 24 hours TSLP, IL-33, and More >

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