Home / Journals / ECN / Vol.36, No.4, 2025
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  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Study of interferon-stimulated gene 15 expression in the medulloblastoma context

    Eva G. Palacios-Serrato1, Karen Medina-Abreu1, Gabriela Velasco-Loyden2, Norma Angélica Lira-Rodríguez1, Angeles C. Tecalco-Cruz1,*
    European Cytokine Network, Vol.36, No.4, pp. 64-73, 2025, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2025.0506
    Abstract Background: Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a small ubiquitin-like protein that can be conjugated to its target proteins through an enzymatic cascade known as ISGylation, thereby altering their function. Elevated levels of free ISG15 (non-conjugated) and ISGylation are observed in several cancer types, including medulloblastoma (MB) a malignant pediatric cerebellar tumor categorized into four molecular subgroups: Wingless, Sonic Hedgehog, Subgroup 3 (G3), and Subgroup 4 (G4). However, ISG15 gene expression in MB remains unexplored. In this study, we evaluated the ISG15 protein levels, the expression of the ISG15 and ISGylation system, and interferon gamma signaling… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Association between interleukin-6 promoter polymorphisms and osteoporosis in javanese postmenopausal women

    Sri Lestari Utami1,2, Mohammad Hidayat3, Diana Lyrawati4, Loeki Enggar Fitri5,*
    European Cytokine Network, Vol.36, No.4, pp. 74-83, 2025, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2025.0507
    Abstract Background: The expression of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene promoter and its variations in postmenopausal women of Javanese ethnicity remains unexplored. This study aimed to examine IL-6 promoter polymorphisms at positions -174G/C, -572G/C, -597A/G, and -634C/G and their associations to osteoporosis status in Javanese postmenopausal women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at an elderly integrated service post in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. Among 699 screened individuals, 66 postmenopausal women fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Bone mineral density was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and osteoporosis status was defined based on T-score values. IL-6 promoter polymorphisms… More >

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