Open Access

REVIEW

Shi-Min Yuan
European Cytokine Network, Vol.29, No.1, pp. 1-15, 2018, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2018.0406
Abstract Interleukin (IL)-6 is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine with both pro- and anti-inflammatory capacities, produced by different cells and tissues, such as leukocytes, adipocytes, and endothelium. From the viewpoint of cardiologists, this cytokine is a reliable biomarker of cardiac dysfunction, occurrence of atrial fibrillation, cardiac myxoma with recurrence, remote metastasis or embolization, and atherosclerotic processes. Although IL-6 levels were detected in patients undergoing cardiac operations and reported sporadically, the perioperative kinetics of IL-6 in cardiac surgical patients was insufficiently elaborated. The influencing factors, clinical implications, and causative effects of IL-6 on clinical outcomes and potential treatment More >

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Sara Harsini^1,2, Amene Saghazadeh^1,2, Saharnaz Nedjat³, Nima Rezaei^1,2,4,5
European Cytokine Network, Vol.29, No.1, pp. 16-26, 2018, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2018.0404
Abstract Background: Cytokine genes, including interleukin-10 (IL-10), are known to play important roles in the pathogenesis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). This study aims to determine whether the IL-10 polymorphisms confer susceptibility to JIA. Methods: A meta-analysis was performed on the associations between the IL-10 -1082 G/A, -592 C/A, and -819 C/T polymorphisms and JIA. A total number of 7 studies involving 1,785 patients and 6,142 controls were considered in the meta-analysis. Results: Meta-analysis of the IL-10 -592 C/A and -819 C/T polymorphisms showed no association with JIA in the study participants, or in Caucasian or… More >

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Mahmoud Al-Azab^a, Jing Wei^a, Xunli Ouyang, Abdalkhalig Elkhider^a, Williams Walana, Xiaotong Sun, Yawei Tang, Bing Wang, Xia Li
European Cytokine Network, Vol.29, No.1, pp. 27-35, 2018, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2018.0405
Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joints inflammation. One of the aggressive characteristics of RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) is the tendency for migration in the local environment, which plays a central role in the RA pathogenesis. Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-like cytokine 1A (TL1A) is a member of TNF superfamily, which has a role in autoimmunity and influences the RA-FLS behavior through TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2). We investigated the effect of TNF-like cytokine 1A (TL1A) on RA-FLS migration using patients’ samples. Specifically, we examined the hedgehog signaling pathway which is a key More >

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Chung-Lin Tsai^1,2, Ying-Ming Chiu^3,4, Yi-Ju Lee⁵, Chin-Tung Hsieh⁶, Dong-Chen Shieh⁴, Gregory J. Tsay^7,8, Da-Tian Bau⁹, Yi-Ying Wu¹⁰
European Cytokine Network, Vol.29, No.1, pp. 36-47, 2018, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2018.0407
Abstract Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is an inflammatory cytokine produced mainly by T, natural killer, and epithelial cells. Previous studies on IL-32 have primarily investigated its proinflammatory properties. The IL-32 also has been described as an activator of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB, and induces several cytokines. In this study, we hypothesized that the inflammatory regulators NF-κB, MAP kinase, STAT1, and STAT3 are associated with the expression of the IL-32 protein in human calcified aortic valve cells. This study comprised aortic valve sclerotic patients and control group patients without calcified aortic valve. Increased IL-32 expression… More >

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