Open Access
ARTICLE
Vina Eka Aristya1, Sri Minarsih1, Kristamtini1, I Gusti Komang Dana Arsana1, Samijan1, Setyorini Widyayanti1, Sodiq Jauhari1, Arif Susila1, Ni Wayan Trisnawati1, I Ketut Mahaputra1, I Nyoman Suyasa1, Opik Mahendra2, Supriyanta3, Gilang Wirakusuma3, Taufan Alam3, Taryono3,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.065227
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Crop Managements and Crop Adversity: Strategies, Mechanisms, and Implements)
Abstract Rice, as a primary commodity, needs to be increased in production while facing the sustainability challenges of limited land, water resources, and climate change. The demand for rice productivity was not enough to rely only on the fertile fields’ ability; it is necessary to consider the rainfed land potential. Cultivation in rainfed land involves biophysical pressure, low production, and limited access to superior varieties. Participatory rice breeding aimed to identify farmers’ trait preferences and develop acceptable lines. A bottom-up approach involved 203 farmers from four rainfed fields in Indonesia, i.e., Semarang-Central Java, Kulon Progo-Yogyakarta, Tabanan-Bali,… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Hafiza Saima Gul1,2,*, Mumtaz Hussain1, Tayyaba Sanaullah3, Habib-ur-Rehman Athar2, Ibrahim Al-Ashkar4, Muhammad Kamran5, Mohammed Antar6, Ayman El Sabagh7,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.058816
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants: Physio-biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms)
Abstract The low efficiency of phytoextraction of lead (Pb) from agricultural fields poses a significant agricultural challenge. Organic chelating agents can influence Pb bioavailability in soil, affecting its uptake, transport, and toxicity in plants. This study aimed to assess the impact of citric acid (CA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) on chelate-assisted phytoextraction of Pb and its effect on growth and physiology of two cultivars (07001; 07002) of mung bean (Vigna radiata). The cultivars of mung bean were exposed to 60 mg·L−1 lead chloride (PbCl2) solution, with or without the addition of 300 mg·L−1 CA or 500 mg·L−1 DTPA, until… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Gülay Zulkadir*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.066762
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Integrated Nutrient Management in Cereal Crops)
Abstract Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is a globally important legume crop valued for its nutritional content and adaptability. Establishing a robust root system during early growth is critical for optimal nutrient uptake, shoot development, and increased resistance to biotic stress. This study evaluated the effects of exogenous indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on root and shoot development in two bean cultivars, Onceler-98 and Topcu, during the seedling stage. IBA was applied at four concentrations: 0 (control), 50, 100, and 150 μM. Morphological parameters measured included root length (RL), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), root nodule number (RNN), More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Bismillah Mubeen1,2,#, Ammarah Hasnain2,3,#,*, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi4, Fahad Hakim5, Syed Sheharyar Hassan Naqvi6, Muhammad Zeeshan Hassan4, Muhammad Umer Iqbal7, Mahmoud Moustafa8, Mohammed O. Alshaharni8, Mingzheng Duan1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.064056
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Molecular Insights of Plant Secondary Metabolites: Biosynthesis, Regulation, and Applications)
Abstract Plants have long served as a cornerstone for drug discovery, offering a vast repertoire of bioactive compounds with proven efficacy in combating oxidative stress, a pivotal driver of chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. This review synthesizes current knowledge on plant-derived antioxidants, emphasizing their mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and quantitative efficacy validated through standardized assays. Key phytochemicals, including polyphenols, carotenoids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) through radical scavenging, enzyme modulation, and gene regulation. For instance, lutein, a carotenoid found in leafy greens, demonstrates potent antioxidant activity with IC50 values… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Arely A. Vargas-Díaz1, Daisy Pérez-Brito2, Beatriz Hernández-Carlos3, Jairo Cristóbal-Alejo4,*, Silvia Andrade-Canto2, Marcela Gamboa-Angulo2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.066682
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Functional Plant Extracts and Bioactive Metabolites)
Abstract In the search for new alternatives to control tropical fungal pathogens, the ethanol extracts (EEs) from Acalypha gaumeri (Euphorbiaceae) roots showed antifungal properties against several tropical fungal phytopathogens. A. gaumeri is classified as endemic to the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, an area with distinct rainy, drought and northern seasons. The present study evaluated the antifungal activity of three wild populations of A. gaumeri collected quarterly in different seasons during one year against Alternaria chrysanthemi, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Pseudocercospora fijiensis and explored their ex-situ propagation. The highest activity was shown by the EE from the Tinum wild population during the rainy season against A. chrysanthemi,… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Kaihao Shi1,2, Lin Yuan1,2,*, Qimeng Yu3, Zhongting Shen2, Yingtan Yu2, Chenwei Nie1, Xingjian Zhou3, Jingcheng Zhang3
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.066286
Abstract Plant diseases are a major threat that can severely impact the production of agriculture and forestry. This can lead to the disruption of ecosystem functions and health. With its ability to capture continuous narrow-band spectra, hyperspectral technology has become a crucial tool to monitor crop diseases using remote sensing. However, existing continuous wavelet analysis (CWA) methods suffer from feature redundancy issues, while the continuous wavelet projection algorithm (CWPA), an optimization approach for feature selection, has not been fully validated to monitor plant diseases. This study utilized rice bacterial leaf blight (BLB) as an example by… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Oscar Sariñana-Aldaco1, Carmen Alicia Ayala-Contreras1, Susana González-Morales2, Gregorio Cadenas-Pliego3, Marissa Pérez-Alvarez3, América Berenice Morales-Díaz4, Dámaris Leopoldina Ojeda-Barrios5, José Gerardo Uresti-Porras6, Adalberto Benavides-Mendoza7,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.067577
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Application of Nanomaterials in Plants)
Abstract Selenium (Se) is a nutrient that is considered beneficial for plants, because its improvement in growth, yield and quality helps plants to mitigate stress. The objective of this research was to evaluate the application of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3), nanoparticles (SeNPs) and microparticles (SeMPs) of Se in cucumber seedlings, via two experiments: one with seed priming and the other with foliar application of Se materials. The doses used were: 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 3.0 mg · L−1, for each form of Se and for each form of application. Treatment 0 consisted of the application of… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Adnan Amin, Wajid Zaman*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.067885
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Multi-Level Mechanisms in Plant-Pathogen Interactions)
Abstract Plant-pathogen interactions involve complex biological processes that operate across molecular, cellular, microbiome, and ecological levels, significantly influencing plant health and agricultural productivity. In response to pathogenic threats, plants have developed sophisticated defense mechanisms, such as pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), which rely on specialized recognition systems such as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins. These immune responses activate intricate signaling pathways involving mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, calcium fluxes, reactive oxygen species production, and hormonal cross-talk among salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene. Furthermore, structural barriers such as callose deposition… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Antonela Markulj Kulundžić1,*, Daniela Horvat2, Marija Kovačević Babić2, Anto Mijić1, Aleksandra Sudarić1, Maja Matoša Kočar1, Tomislav Duvnjak1, Ivica Liović1, Ivana Varga3, Marija Viljevac Vuletić2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.065961
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Influence of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses Signals on Plants and their Performance at Different Environments)
Abstract Sunflower leaf photosynthesis strongly depends on the leaf position in the plant stem conditioning, which directly affects other physiological processes. Therefore, a study of the leaf’s physiological status regarding the leaf position in the stem was performed on sunflowers in the flowering stage. Eight differently positioned leaves were investigated, starting with the youngest leaf on the top of the stem to the leaves of the stem bottom, assigned as the oldest senescent leaves. According to chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) parameters connected to photosystem II (PSII) processes, significant changes in PSII functioning occurred only in the senescent… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Livanshee Gupta1, Nouha Haoudi2,3,*, Lanjelina Oinam1, Ananya Mahajan1, Sonia Morya1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.065058
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Vegetable Resources, Sustainable Plant Protection and Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change)
Abstract The trends of consuming or using eco-friendly, biodegradable products due to the change in the lifestyle of the people have led to the exploration of new sources from plants or animals. Seed mucilage (SeM) is an underexplored component of plants that can be brought into play to deal with such problems. Mucilage, a viscous polysaccharide that can be obtained when seeds like chia, flax, garden cress, and tomato get hydrated and form a slimy, gel-like substance around the seed coat, can be utilized due to its unique characteristics. It has been used in developing many… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Keke Zhang1,2,3, Yong Cui1,2,3, Changchang Shao1,2,3, Liqing Yang1,2,3, Yuxin Wang1,2,3, Yao Fang1,2,3, Hua Zhou4, Jie Wang1,2,3, Honglang Duan1,2,3,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.065683
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Plant Responses to Abiotic Stress Mechanisms)
Abstract As ubiquitous environmental contaminants, microplastics (MPs) have garnered global concern due to their persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and multifaceted threats to ecosystem health. These particles threaten terrestrial ecosystems via soil contamination; however, research on their phytotoxicity remains predominantly focused on herbaceous plants. The responses of woody plants to MPs and their interspecific differences are severely unexplored. Here, two important ecological and economical tree species in southern China, Pinus massoniana (P. massoniana) and Schima superba (S. superba), were selected to explore the ecotoxicity effects of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) MPs (the two most abundant species in the soil) on… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Wentao Sheng1,2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.066232
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Plant Organelles Comparative Genomics and DNA Systematics)
Abstract Rorippa indica is a wild oilseed crop of Brassicaceae with good environmental adaptability and strong stress resistance. This plant has become an important wild relative species for rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and is used to improve its agronomic traits, with important development and utilization value. However, the research of R. indica genetics is still lacking. And no mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) in the genus Rorippa has been expounded. To analyze the structural characteristics of the R. indica mitogenome, second-generation and third-generation sequencing techniques were made to assemble its mitogenome. The results showed that its mitogenome is composed of a single master… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Qi Chen1,2, Yizhuo Du1, Yingsheng Liu1, Yue Li1, Chuang Li1, Zhelun Xu1,3, Congyan Wang1,4,5,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.065970
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Plant Responses and Adaptations to Environmental Stresses)
Abstract The leaves of multiple invasive plants can coexist and intermingle within the same environment. As species number of invasive plants increases, variations may occur in decomposition processes of invasive plants, soil nutrient contents, soil enzyme activities, and soil microbial community structure. Existing progress have predominantly focused on the ecological effects of one species of invasive plant compared to native species, with limited attention paid to the ecological effects of multiple invasive plants compared to one species of invasive plant. This study aimed to determine the differences in the effects of mono- and co-decomposition of four… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Đorđe Vojnović1, Robert Pokluda2, Ivana Maksimović1, Janko Červenski3, Sonja Ilin3, Boris Adamović1, Jelena Popović-Đorđević4,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.065535
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Optimizing Crops Production: Agronomic, Chemical and AI-assisted Approaches)
Abstract Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a widely cultivated vegetable valued for its taste, aroma, and nutritional content. Biostimulants (BTs) are substances that stimulate plant growth and development. This study explores the impact of BTs and nitrogen (N) fertilization on the yield and nutrient use efficiency of directly seeded onions, addressing the challenges of excessive N application and promoting sustainable practices. A two-year field experiment was conducted using a split-plot design with three replications. Treatments included a control (C), a seaweed extract-based BT (T1), humic and fulvic acids (T2), and Trichoderma spp. (T3). N rates applied were 64… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
ARTICLE
Farhat Abbas1, Fahim Ullah Khan1,2,*, Salem Al-Naemi3, Awni Al-Otoom1, Ahmed T. Moustafa4, Khaled Shami1
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.064239
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Influence of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses Signals on Plants and their Performance at Different Environments)
Abstract This study aimed to explore the relationship between Soil-Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) values and key environmental factors in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivation in a greenhouse. SPAD values, indicative of chlorophyll content, reflect plant health and productivity. The analysis revealed strong positive correlations between SPAD values and both indoor light intensity (ILI, r = 0.59, p < 0.001) and outdoor light intensity (OLI, r = 0.62, p < 0.001), suggesting that higher light intensities were associated with enhanced SPAD values. In contrast, significant negative correlations were found between SPAD values and soil temperature at 15–30 cm depth… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Muhammad Nazim1,2,*, Abdul Ghafoor3,*, Abida Hussain4, Mehwish Tabassum5, Aamir Nawaz6, Muhammad Ahmad7, Murad Muhammad1,2, Muqarrab Ali4
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.058970
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Soil Microbe-Plant Interactions: Unveiling Mechanisms of Biostimulants in Stress Tolerance)
Abstract In recent years, the world has faced rising global temperatures, accumulative pollution, and energy crises, stimulating scientists worldwide to strive for eco-friendly and cost-effective solutions. Biochar has materialized as a
favorable tool for environmental remediation, indicating efficacy as an efficient sorbent substance for both
inorganic and organic pollutants in environmental field. These unique properties exclude improved surface
functionality, porous morphology, large specific surface area (SSA), cation exchange capacity (CEC), robust
adsorption capabilities, environmental stability, and embedded micronutrients. Biochar exhibited potential
characteristics for environmental oversight, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction, and soil fertility improvement. This review… More >
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