Open Access
ARTICLE
Oleh Koshovyi1, Amal D. Premarathna2, Rando Tuvikene2, Valdas Jakštas3,4, Vaidotas Žvikas3, Yurii Hrytsyk5, Lyubov Grytsyk5, Andriy Grytsyk5, Jaan Liira6, Ain Raal1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.074153
Abstract Gilia capitata Sims (Polemoniaceae) is an annual herbaceous plant widely distributed in western North America and cultivated as an ornamental flower. The detailed chemical composition and pharmacological properties of this plant have not been previously reported. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of aqueous-ethanolic extracts derived from different plant parts (herb, flowers, stems, roots, and fruits). HPLC analysis identified 12 phenolic compounds and 16 amino acids in the aqueous-ethanolic extracts obtained from these plant parts. The biological effects of the extracts were evaluated in vitro, including cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory response, and wound-healing potential.… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Mohammed Majid Abed1,2,*, Murat Aydin1, Esma Yiğider1, Melek Ekinci3, Ertan Yildirim3
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.073163
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Ornamental Plants: Micropropagation, Plant Biotechnology, Chromosome Doubling, Mutagenesis, Plant Breeding, Environmental Stress Tolerance, and Postharvest Physiology)
Abstract Plants are continuously exposed to abiotic and biotic stresses that threaten their growth, reproduction, and survival. Adaptation to these stresses requires complex regulatory networks that coordinate physiological, molecular, and ecological responses. However, such adaptation often incurs significant costs, including reduced growth, yield penalties, and altered ecological interactions. This review systematically synthesizes recent advances published between 2018 and 2025, following PRISMA criteria, on plant responses to abiotic and biotic stressors, with an emphasis on the trade-offs between adaptation and productivity. It also highlights major discrepancies in the literature and discusses strategies for enhancing plant stress tolerance More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Shaoyan Wu1,2, Jie Tian1,2, Yiyan Wang1,2, Muhammad Arif1,2, Shuyao Wang1,2, Jing Wang1,2, Zhuoyao Yang1,2, Ruhong Xu1,2,*, Luhua Li1,2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.072229
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Plant Breeding and Genetic Improvement: Leveraging Molecular Markers and Novel Genetic Strategies)
Abstract Wheat grain morphology, particularly grain length (GL) and width (GW), is a key determinant of yield. To improve the suboptimal grain dimensions of the local anthocyanin-rich variety Guizi 1 (GZ1), we crossed it with Zhongyan 96-3 (ZY96-3), an elite germplasm known for faster grain filling and superior grain size. A genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach was applied to an F2 population of 110 individuals derived from GZ1 × ZY96-3, resulting in the identification of 23,134 high-quality SNPs. Most of the SNPs associated with GL and GW were clustered on chromosomes 2B, 3A, and 3B. QTL mapping for GL… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Mustansar Mubeen1, Yasir Iftikhar1,*, Ganesan Vadamalai2,3, Muhammad Aasim4, Muhammad Faiq5, Uthman Balgith Algopishi6, Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed6,7
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.071555
Abstract Citrus viroids are small non-coding RNA pathogens that pose a significant threat to global citrus production by reducing fruit yield, quality, and tree longevity. Several viroids, including Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), Hop stunt viroid (HSVd), Citrus bent leaf viroid (CBLVd), and newly identified members such as Citrus Viroid VI (CVd-VI) and Citrus Viroid VII (CVd-VII) have been reported from diverse citrus-growing regions. These pathogens are transmitted mainly through vegetative propagation, contaminated tools, and occasionally via seed or pollen, making their management complex. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the biology, structural diversity, transmission, symptomatology, detection,… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Xiaoqin Zheng1, Yuqing Wan1, Qian Zhang2, Liqin He2, Shihao Tang1, Qiguo Zhuang2, Lihua Wang2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.073229
Abstract To investigate endogenous hormone changes in “Hongyang” kiwifruit from overwintering buds to floral morphogenesis (bell-shaped flowering stage), systematic observations were conducted during the undifferentiated stage, axillary bud differentiation stage, and floral morphogenesis stage from late November 2023 to early April 2024. Paraffin sectioning was employed to examine floral bud morphology, while LC-MS targeted metabolomics quantified changes in 15 endogenous hormones across 8 classes. Results indicated floral bud differentiation commenced from late January to early February and concluded by mid-April, spanning approximately 70 days. Approximately 33 days after axillary bud initiation marked the axillary bud primordium… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Abd Al Karim Jaafar1, Suleiman Salim1, Dema Altheb1, Mukhtar Iderawumi Abdulraheem2,3, Andrés Rodríguez-Seijo4,5,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.072520
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Plant Nutrition-Mechanisms, Regulation, and Sustainable Applications)
Abstract The use of organic fertilizers can be an opportunity to increase crop yield and improve soil fertility in semi-arid regions, since soils from these regions usually have unfavourable conditions for plant growth. This research investigates the effects of organic and mineral fertilization on the impact of soil properties (pH, electrical conductivity and organic matter), availability of macro- (N, P and K), micro-nutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) and the accumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr) in soil and potato tubers grown under semiarid conditions. A field experiment was conducted in Raqqa Governorate (Syria) using… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Sandra Pérez-Álvarez1,*, Eduardo Fidel Héctor-Ardisana2, Eduardo Sandoval Castro3, Erick H. Ochoa-Chaparro4, Luisa Patricia Uranga-Valencia1
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.072135
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Adaptation Mechanisms of Grapevines to Growing Environments and Agricultural Strategies)
Abstract Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivation has progressed from early domestication and clonal propagation to modern, data-driven breeding that is reshaping viticulture and wine quality. Yet climatic and biotic constraints still impose heavy losses—downy mildew can reduce yields by ≈75% in humid regions and gray mold by 20–50%—sustaining the need for resistant cultivars. Producer selection, interspecific crossing, and formal improvement programs have generated ~10,000 varieties, although only a few dozen dominate global acreage. Conventional breeding has delivered fungus-resistant “PIWI” cultivars that retain ≥85% of the V. vinifera genome; in Austria, national PIWI varieties are gaining acceptance for combined… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Nadezhda Golubkina1,*, Pavel Poluboyarinov2, Lyubov Skrypnik3, Agnieszka Sękara4, Otilia Cristina Murariu5, Gianluca Caruso6
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.070988
Abstract Circadian biorhythms are fundamental in plant adaptability and development. To reveal the effect of organic and inorganic forms of Se, foliar treatments of dandelion with 0.26 mM Se solutions were practiced in two contrasting day times: in the morning with the highest levels of leaf Se and polyphenol (TP) and the lowest dry matter, and in the evening with the opposite characteristics. Compared to the control, the morning Se supply demonstrated a higher increase of root biomass (1.27–1.37 times), Se (1.82–2.85 times), TP content (1.42–1.44 times), and antioxidant activity (AOA) (1.47–1.48 times) than the evening… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
REVIEW
Md. Injamum-Ul-Hoque1,2, Md. Mahfuzur Rahman2, Nayan Chandra Howlader3, Soosan Tavakoli4, Md. Mezanur Rahman5, Shahin Imran6, Mallesham Bulle7, S. M. Ahsan2,4,*, Hyong Woo Choi4,8,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.069827
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Ethnobotany: Value and Conservation)
Abstract Cannabis sativa is highly valued for its use in fiber production, medicine, and recreational products. Its secondary metabolites (SM) are renowned for their wide range of health benefits and psychoactive properties. While much of the existing research has focused on cannabinoid production in the plant’s aerial parts, particularly the leaves and flowers, the root system remains understudied in terms of its SM profile. One promising in vitro approach for metabolite production involves the use of ‘hairy roots (HRs)’. These roots mimic the phytochemical profile of native roots but grow more efficiently and yield higher quantities of metabolites.… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Wenxiang Zhang1,2, Wenning Cui1, Juan Huang3, Zhangen Lu1, Kuijing Liang1, Lingbao Wang1,2, Shanshan Wei1,2, Liran Shi1, Huifen Li1, Xiaoli Guo1,2,*, Jianhui Ma4,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.073736
Abstract UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) play essential roles in plant secondary metabolism and stress responses, yet their composition and functions in Sorghum bicolor, a model C4 plant, remain inadequately characterized. This study identified 196 SbUGT genes distributed across all 10 chromosomes and classified them into 16 subfamilies (A–P) through phylogenetic analysis. Among these, 61.2% were intronless, and 10 conserved motifs, including the UGT-specific PSPG box, were identified. Synteny analysis using MCScanX revealed 12 segmental duplication events and conserved syntenic relationships with other Poaceae species (rice, maize, and barley). Promoter analysis uncovered 125 distinct cis-acting elements, predominantly associated with stress and… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Muhammad Nazim1,2,*, Abdul Ghafoor3,*, Abida Hussain4, Mehwish Tabassum5, Aamir Nawaz6, Muhammad Ahmad7, Murad Muhammad1,2, Muqarrab Ali4
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.058970
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Soil Microbe-Plant Interactions: Unveiling Mechanisms of Biostimulants in Stress Tolerance)
Abstract In recent years, the world has faced rising global temperatures, accumulative pollution, and energy crises, stimulating scientists worldwide to strive for eco-friendly and cost-effective solutions. Biochar has materialized as a
favorable tool for environmental remediation, indicating efficacy as an efficient sorbent substance for both
inorganic and organic pollutants in environmental field. These unique properties exclude improved surface
functionality, porous morphology, large specific surface area (SSA), cation exchange capacity (CEC), robust
adsorption capabilities, environmental stability, and embedded micronutrients. Biochar exhibited potential
characteristics for environmental oversight, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction, and soil fertility improvement. This review… More >
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