Open Access
ARTICLE
Xi Feng1, Meng Zhang1, Jinling Han1, Yanbing Wang2,*, Jian Wang1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.086921
Abstract To clarify the effectiveness of nicosulfuron (NIF) in controlling weeds in cornfields and the physiological response mechanisms of corn, this study synthesized 29 relevant articles for a meta-analysis. A pair of sweet corn sister lines with different resistance to NIF (resistant HK301 and sensitive HK320) was selected as materials, and the responses of non-target metabolic pathways under NIF stress were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that NIF is highly effective against weeds such as Eleusine indica and Amaranthus retroflexus, but less effective against weeds such as Cyperus difformis (13.20%) and Abutilon theophrasti (−4.10%). High… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
REVIEW
Georgios P. Stylianidis1, Chrysoula K. Pantazopoulou1, Styliani N. Chorianopoulou1,2, Dimitris L. Bouranis1,2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.085051
Abstract Cellular carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolisms are tightly coordinated towards sustaining optimal growth and development for plants. C:N ratio is well-studied. Research results highlight strong interest in C:N dynamics in crops, especially in relation to soil health, crop production, as well as nutrient cycling. However, the C:N:S (sulfur) stoichiometry within plant tissues is under-reviewed. This lack of research persists despite the critical importance of the C:N:S elemental nexus for nutrient use efficiency, stress physiology, yield quality, and sustainable fertilization. Thus, the biochemical integration of C, N, and S and the corresponding homeostases are discussed. More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Julio Antonio Gutierrez-Dominguez1, Claudia Hernandez-Aguilar1, Alfredo Cruz-Orea2, Arturo Domínguez-Pacheco1, Raúl Romero-Galindo1, María Victoria Carbonell3, José Álvarez3,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.084457
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Abiotic and Biotic Stress Tolerance in Crop)
Abstract Water deficit and soil salinity can severely impair seed germination and crop establishment, creating a need for sustainable, non-chemical approaches to improve seed performance under stress. Electromagnetic-field (EMF) priming is a promising physical treatment; however, its effectiveness may depend strongly on the exposure regime and duration. This study evaluated the effect of electromagnetic-field (EMF) priming on broccoli (Brassica oleracea) seed germination under water and salt stress. Seeds were exposed to one or two EMF exposure regimes for different durations and were assessed through germination tests, digital image analysis, photoacoustic spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. EMF priming produced… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Radosław Kowalski*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.087213
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: The Biological Activity of Essential Oils, Volume II)
Abstract Essential oils (EOs) are most commonly characterized by GC–MS profiles and the relative abundance of dominant constituents. This approach is essential for chemical description and quality control, but it does not fully explain why EO composition differs among species, populations, organs, developmental stages, and growth conditions. Here, EO variability is examined from a focused, plant-centered perspective, with emphasis on terpenoid-rich systems in which glandular trichomes or other secretory structures are documented sites of volatile-metabolite biosynthesis, accumulation, or profile variation. The analysis centers on glandular trichomes as metabolic units, MEP/MVA precursor supply, prenyl diphosphate nodes, terpene… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
José G. Joya Dávila1,*, Federico A. Gutiérrez Miceli2, Leslie A. Serrano Gómez1, Olivia Tzintzun Camacho1, Dagoberto Durán Hernández1, Alexis Salazar Navarro1, David Cervantes-García1, Ulin Antobelli Basilio Cortes1, Anayancy Lam Gutiérrez3, Daniel González Mendoza1
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.087160
Abstract Water deficit is one of the major constraints to the establishment and early growth of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), particularly under increasingly frequent and intense drought conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological and physiological responses of cacao seedlings subjected to progressive water deficit under nursery conditions. Plants were evaluated over a 45-day period without irrigation and compared with well-watered plants maintained at 60% of substrate field capacity. Growth variables, photosynthetic pigment concentrations, and proline accumulation in leaves, stems, and roots were evaluated. Stem length showed no significant differences between treatments, whereas… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Nuttabodee Viriyawattana, Surachat Sinworn*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.086514
Abstract High solar radiation during the Thai summer raises greenhouse temperatures to 33–41°C, exceeding the optimal range for tomato cultivation (15–25°C) and reducing yield and fruit quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combining daytime shading with evening supplemental light-emitting diode (LED) lighting to improve the growth, yield, and fruit quality of cherry tomato grown under heat-stress conditions. To alleviate excessive heat accumulation, a semi-enclosed greenhouse equipped with an 80% shade net was applied from 11:00 to 14:00, while supplemental LED lighting was provided from 18:00 to 22:00. Plants were exposed to red, blue,… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Xiaoyu Che1,2,#, Yanlong Wang1,2,#, Junling Wang1,2, Linru Liang1,2, Yuxin Li1,2, Guoku Liu3,*, Yanhui Li1,2,4,5,*, Ping Li1,2,5,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.086214
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Abiotic and Biotic Herb Stress: Mechanisms, Physiology and Biochemical Changes)
Abstract Shading stress significantly compromises the ornamental quality and ecological adaptability of Hesperis sibirica. To investigate the potential mitigating effects of plant growth regulators, this study systematically analyzed the regulatory mechanisms of foliar-applied prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca) at different concentrations (0, 100, 300, 600, and 900 mg·L−1) under both full sunlight and heavy shading (70% light reduction, retaining 30% of full sunlight intensity) conditions. Through comprehensive evaluation of plant morphological traits, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters, and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, combined with structural observations using scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, 600 mg·L−1 Pro-Ca was identified as the More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Ibrahim Khan1, Sajjad Asaf1,*, Lubna2, Sang-Mo Kang1, In-Jung Lee1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.086203
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Multi-Omics Insights into Plant Acclimation to Environmental Stress)
Abstract Recent efforts in crop improvement have increasingly focused on elucidating molecular-level regulatory mechanisms to develop high-yielding crops with enhanced tolerance to heavy metals (HMs) stress. Omics approaches, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, ionomics, and phenomics, provide comprehensive analyses of plant responses to HMs stress. Genomics identifies stress-responsive genes, transcriptomics reveals dynamic changes in gene expression, proteomics evaluates protein abundance and post-translational modifications, and metabolomics characterize stress-related metabolites. Ionomics elucidates essential mineral dynamics involved in detoxification, while phenomics integrate high-throughput imaging with breeding techniques to evaluate stress resilience. Integration of multi-omics approaches provides a systems-level understanding… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Zhenyu Liu1, Panpan Wang1, Yanjing Liu1, Mingyan Ye1,2, You Zhou1, Dongqin Guo3,*, Nong Zhou1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.084016
Abstract Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) on the nitrogen forms in rhizosphere soil and the biomass and medicinal components in the bulbs of Fritillaria taipaiensis. Methods: Three NFB strains were isolated and inoculated into the rhizosphere of F. taipaiensis through a pot experiment. Eight treatment groups were established: control (CK), Rahnella aquatilis (N1), Pseudomonas chlororaphis (N2), Paenibacillus stellifer (N3), R. aquatilis + P. chlororaphis (N4), R. aquatilis + P. stellifer (N5), P. chlororaphis + P. stellifer (N6), and R. aquatilis + P. chlororaphis + P. stellifer (N7). After 8 months of inoculation, the contents of different nitrogen forms in rhizosphere soil and peimine, peiminine,… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Aiman Ammari*, Ramzi Amran, Ahmad Alhimaidi
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.087258
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Medicinal Plants: Phytochemical and Pharmacological Research)
Abstract Medicinal plants are valuable sources of bioactive compounds with diverse pharmacological properties. However, the phytochemical composition and biological activities of Horwoodia dicksoniae remain insufficiently investigated. Therefore, this study evaluated the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, physicochemical characteristics, and in vitro cytotoxic potential of the ethanolic extract of H. dicksoniae collected from the Thumamah area, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The extract was subjected to phytochemical characterization, chemical profiling, physicochemical analysis, antioxidant activity assessment, and cytotoxicity evaluation. Qualitative screening confirmed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and glycosides, while quantitative analysis revealed high levels of phenolic and tannin constituents. The extract… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
ARTICLE
Mehmet Işik*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.077897
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Airflow and Micro-Climate Engineering: Nutrient Dynamics and Plant Growth Optimization)
Abstract The aim of the study examines the effects of contrasting greenhouse microclimates on nutrient uptake, dry matter yield (DMY), and water use efficiency (WUE) in maize (Zea mays L.) during the early vegetative stage, under limited irrigation conditions. The study addresses the question of how microclimatic factors, particularly airflow and the humidity of the greenhouse, affect plant growth and nutrient dynamics under deficit irrigation conditions. The experiment was established at the Research and Application Greenhouses of the Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye. Two greenhouse environments were compared: first with a… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Xianyan Wang1,#, Yan Guo1,#, Nan Yang1, Shengnan Ouyang1, Honglang Duan1, Jie Wang1, Qiqiang Guo1, Liehua Tie1,2,3,*, Guijie Ding1
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.084022
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Carbon and Nutrient Cycling in Forest Ecosystems)
Abstract Understory vegetation-mediated forest litter decomposition and nutrient release processes are critical for biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem sustainability. Drought-dominated global change significantly affects relevant processes, but its impact on metal element release from mixed litters of overstory trees and understory vegetation remains unclear. Here, we conducted an 18-month in situ decomposition experiment in a Pinus massoniana–Camellia oleifera mixed forest under three precipitation regimes: control (CK), low-intensity reduction (R30), and high-intensity reduction (R60). Both R30 and R60 treatments significantly inhibited P. massoniana litter mass loss by 4.85% and 6.22%, respectively. Only R60 treatment significantly reduced the mass loss in C. oleifera and… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Christina Stoycheva1, Eva S. Savova2, Rosen S. Sokolov2, Ekaterina Kozuharova1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.087714
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Guardians of Green: Protecting Plants Through the Conservation of Pollinators)
Abstract Paeonia peregrina Mill. is a medicinal plant of conservation concern in Bulgaria, where its petals and roots are harvested from wild populations for pharmaceutical use. Developing effective propagation methods is therefore essential for its conservation and potential cultivation. This preliminary study investigated selected aspects of the reproductive biology of P. peregrina, including pollination, seed formation, seedling development, and vegetative propagation. Field observations and experiments were conducted during 2024–2025 in a natural population near the town of Boboshevo, southwestern Bulgaria, while propagation trials were performed under ex situ conditions. To assess the role of pollinators, flowers were isolated from… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Nadira Mokarroma1, Imrul Mosaddek Ahmed1, Md. Romij Uddin2, Md. Shihab Uddine Khan3,*, Zakaria Alam4,*, Nahid Afridi5, Sadia Afroz Ritu6, Md. Motiar Rohman7, Suman Biswas8, Abul Fazal Mohammad Shamim Ahsan1, A. A. M. Mohammad Mustakim1, Hela Znazen9, Ahmed Gaber10, Akbar Hossain11,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.086460
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Plant Breeding and Genetic Improvement: Leveraging Molecular Markers and Novel Genetic Strategies)
Abstract Heat stress is a major abiotic constraint limiting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) productivity in regions experiencing rising temperatures. This study evaluated the genetic variability and morphophysiological as well as yield responses of 50 barley genotypes under control and heat-stressed conditions to identify superior lines for thermotolerance breeding. A completely randomized design (CRD) with replications was used, and data was collected for ten morpho-physiological and yield traits. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated highly significant (p ≤ 0.001) effects of genotype, treatment, and their interaction on most of the measured traits. Wide phenotypic variation was observed for grain yield… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Chunmei Pang1,2, Bo Sui2,3, Kangyu Wang2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.085307
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Abiotic and Biotic Stress Tolerance in Crop)
Abstract As an important medicinal plant in China, Panax ginseng is rich in secondary metabolites and is widely used in immune regulation, antitumor, anti-aging applications. The exocyst complex is a crucial protein complex that regulates vesicle trafficking in plants and plays key roles in cellular secretion, polar growth, and stress responses. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a widely occurring derivative of jasmonic acid (JA) in plants and belongs to the category of endogenous signaling molecules in plants, which significantly regulates plant defense and secondary metabolism. MeJA is a key signaling molecule that significantly regulates plant defense and secondary… More >
Open Access
EDITORIAL
Francisco Vanies da Silva Sá1,*, Geovani Soares de Lima2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.086459
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Abiotic Stress in Agricultural Crops)
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Leonardo Daniel Villalana Alvarez1, Abraham Heriberto García-Campoy2, Alethia Muñiz-Ramirez3,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.085201
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Bioactive Natural Products from Medicinal Plants: Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies)
Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). This study examined the antiglycation, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties of the methanolic extract of Ibervillea sonorae (IsM). Antiglycation activity was assessed in vitro using a bovine serum albumin–glucose model, and the antidiabetic effects were evaluated using a zebrafish model of experimentally induced hyperglycemia. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis revealed several metabolites, including fatty acids and phytosterols. The extract significantly inhibited AGEs formation in vitro and reduced AGEs accumulation in the ocular tissue of diabetic zebrafish. In vivo treatment More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
ARTICLE
Yichen Lu, Dong Cao, Ying Chen*, Yifan Wang, Jingjing Di, Na An
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.085745
Abstract The proportion of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in the soil could regulate plant yield and secondary metabolism. However, extensive chemical fertilizer utilization has reduced soil fertility and increased soil compaction, and even caused environmental pollution. Applying microbial fertilizers (MF) could improve soil structure and the environment. This work aimed to reveal the effects of N reduction and combined MF on Ginkgo biloba growth, soil properties, and microbial communities, and illustrate their interaction roles in improving Ginkgo leaf yield and flavonoid content. A field experiment with different fertilizer treatments, including low N, normal P-K… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Muhammad Nazim1,2,*, Abdul Ghafoor3,*, Abida Hussain4, Mehwish Tabassum5, Aamir Nawaz6, Muhammad Ahmad7, Murad Muhammad1,2, Muqarrab Ali4
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.058970
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Soil Microbe-Plant Interactions: Unveiling Mechanisms of Biostimulants in Stress Tolerance)
Abstract In recent years, the world has faced rising global temperatures, accumulative pollution, and energy crises, stimulating scientists worldwide to strive for eco-friendly and cost-effective solutions. Biochar has materialized as a
favorable tool for environmental remediation, indicating efficacy as an efficient sorbent substance for both
inorganic and organic pollutants in environmental field. These unique properties exclude improved surface
functionality, porous morphology, large specific surface area (SSA), cation exchange capacity (CEC), robust
adsorption capabilities, environmental stability, and embedded micronutrients. Biochar exhibited potential
characteristics for environmental oversight, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction, and soil fertility improvement. This review… More >
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