Open Access
REVIEW
Rashid Iqbal Khan1,*, Mazhar Abbas1, Khurram Goraya2, Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye3, Subhan Danish3
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 438-452, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.010972
Abstract COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is declared global pandemic. The
virus owing high resemblance with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV has been placed
in family of beta-coronavirus. However, transmission and infectivity rate of
COVID-19 is quite higher as compared to other members of family. Effective
management strategy with potential drug availability will break the virus transmission chain subsequently reduce the pressure on the healthcare system. Extensive research trials are underway to develop novel efficient therapeutics against
SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we have discussed the origin and family of coronavirus, structure, genome and pathogenesis of virus SARS-CoV-2 inside human
host cell; comparison among SARS,… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Akwasi Yeboah1, Jiannong Lu1, Ting Yang1, Yuzhen Shi1, Hanna Amoanimaa-Dede1, Kwadwo Gyapong Agyenim Boateng2, Xuegui Yin1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 453-472, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09267
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Crop Production under Abiotic Stress: Physiological and Molecular Interventions)
Abstract Increased urbanization and industrialization have greatly contributed to
the emission of higher amount of heavy metals such as cadmium, nickel, and lead
into the environment. These metals are non-biodegradable and toxic, causing
much effects on plants and by extension to animals and humans, which have
become a major global concern. The inherent ability of plants to resist heavy
metal toxicity seems to be the most sustainable and cost-effective strategy. Castor
plant is widely studied due to its tolerance to the effects of heavy metal contaminated soils, owing to its large biomass content and high accumulating capacity.
Castor plants to some… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Mona H. Soliman1, Taghreed S. Alnusaire2, Nessreen F. Abdelbaky3,4, Aisha A. M. Alayafi5, Mirza Hasanuzzaman6,*, Mohamed M. Rowezak2, Mohamed El-Esawi7, Amr Elkelish8
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 473-486, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08795
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Crop Production under Abiotic Stress: Physiological and Molecular Interventions)
Abstract Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stress in plants. However,
traditional approaches are not always efficient in conferring salt tolerance. Experiments were conducted to understand the role of Trichoderma spp. (T. harzianum
and T. viride) in growth, chlorophyll (Chl) synthesis, and proline accumulation of
C. pepo exposed to salinity stress. There were three salt stress (50, 100, and
150 mM NaCl) lavels and three different Trichoderma inoculation viz. T. harzianum, T. viride, and T. harzianum + T. viride. Salt stress significantly declined the
growth in terms of the shoot and root lengths; however, it was improved by the… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Cansu Altuntaş1, Rabiye Terzi1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 487-495, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08919
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Crop Production under Abiotic Stress: Physiological and Molecular Interventions)
Abstract The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle in the cell where
proteins are created and folded. Folding is a very elaborate process that is often
interrupted by various biotic and abiotic stresses, leading to the formation of
unfolded and misfolded proteins called ER stress. Dithiothreitol (DTT)-induced
unfolded protein response (UPR) in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been
recently reported in plants. Also, previous studies demonstrated that treatment
with polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) could stimulate water deficit in crops.
However, further researches should be conducted to elucidate the molecular
mechanism of ER stress response and the relationship between water deficiency
and ER. In… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Mahmuda Binte Monsur1, Nasrin Akter Ivy1, M. Moynul Haque2, Mirza Hasanuzzaman3, Ayman EL Sabagh4,5,*, Md. Motiar Rohman6,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 497-517, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09144
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Crop Production under Abiotic Stress: Physiological and Molecular Interventions)
Abstract The research was conducted to investigate comparative oxidative
damage including probable protective roles of antioxidant and glyoxalase systems
in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings under salinity stress. Seedlings of two rice genotypes: Pokkali (tolerant) and BRRI dhan28 (sensitive) were subjected to 8 dSm−1
salinity stress for seven days in a hydroponic system. We observed significant variation between Pokkali and BRRI dhan28 in phenotypic, biochemical and molecular level under salinity stress. Carotenoid content, ion homeostasis, antioxidant
enzymes, ascorbate and glutathione redox system and proline accumulation may
help Pokkali to develop defense system during salinity stress. However, the activity antioxidant enzymes particularly… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Alhan Sariyev1, Celaleddin Barutcular2,*, Mert Acar1, Akbar Hossain3, Ayman EL Sabagh2,4,5,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 519-528, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09142
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Crop Production under Abiotic Stress: Physiological and Molecular Interventions)
Abstract Maize being sub-tropical crop is sensitive to water deficit during the
early growth stages; particularly clay-rich soil, due to the compaction of the soil.
It is well-documented that potential sub-surface drip irrigation (SDI) (Full irrigation; SDIFull (100% field capacity (FC)), Deficit irrigation; SDIDeficit (70% FC))
improves water use efficiency, which leads to increased crop productivity; since it
has a constraint that SDI excludes soil air around the root-zone during irrigation
events, which alter the root function and crop performance. Additionally, in clayrich soils, the root system of plants generally suffers the limitation of oxygen,
particularly the temporal hypoxia, and occasionally… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Zahoor Ahmad1,*, Ejaz Ahmad Waraich2, Celaleddin Barutçular1, Akbar Hossain3, Murat Erman4, Fatih ÇIĞ4, Hany Gharib5, Ayman EL Sabagh4, 5, *
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 529-539, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09143
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Crop Production under Abiotic Stress: Physiological and Molecular Interventions)
Abstract The main objective of the research is to assess the role of foliar application of silicon (Si) for enhancing the survival ability of wheat under drought stress
through improving its morphology, physicochemical and antioxidants activities.
Treatments were five doses of Si at the rate of 2, 4, 6 and 8 mM and a control. After
completion of seeds germination, pots were divided into four distinct groups at various field capacity (FC) levels, such as 100% FC (well-irrigated condition), 75% FC
(slight water deficit), 50% FC (modest water deficit) and 25% FC (severe water deficit stress condition). Foliar application of Si… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Md. Shakhawat Hossain1, Md. Daud Hossain1, Abdul Hannan2, Mirza Hasanuzzaman3, Md. Motiar Rohman4,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 541-559, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.010279
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Crop Production under Abiotic Stress: Physiological and Molecular Interventions)
Abstract Salinity stress is a major factor limiting plant growth and productivity
of many crops including oilseed. The present study investigated the identification
of salt tolerant mustard genotypes and better understanding the mechanism of salinity tolerance. Salt stresses significantly reduced relative water content (RWC),
chlorophyll (Chl) content, K+ and K+
/Na+ ratio, photosynthetic rate (PN), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular CO2 concentration
(Ci) and increased the levels of proline (Pro) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) contents, Na+
, superoxide (O2•−
) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in both tolerant and
sensitive mustard genotypes. The tolerant genotypes maintained higher Pro and
lower… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Chongchong Yan1, Qianqian Wang1, Nan Zhang2, Jiajia Wang1, Xuexiang Ren1, Bingjie Xue3, Xiaojing Pu4, Zhihong Xu4, Huajun Liao1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 561-586, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.010322
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Crop Production under Abiotic Stress: Physiological and Molecular Interventions)
Abstract Since potato cultivars are sensitive to low temperature, cold injury
severely affects the geographical distribution and yield of potato. Although some
miRNAs have been identified in response to cold stress in plants, there is no
report about the role of miRNAs in the response to cold stress in potato. Here,
via high throughput sequencing, we described the profiling of cold stress response
to miRNA and mRNA in potato. Two small RNA and six mRNA libraries were
constructed and sequenced. 296 known and 211 novel miRNAs were identified, in
which 34 miRNAs in Cold Group (CG) had the higher expression quantity… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Ejaz Ahmad Waraich1,*, Zeeshan Ahmed2,3, Zahoor Ahmad4, Rashid Ahmad1, Murat Erman5, Fatih Cig5, Ayman El Sabagh5,6
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 587-597, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08734
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Crop Production under Abiotic Stress: Physiological and Molecular Interventions)
Abstract Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) is famous for its oil quality and unique
fatty acid pattern. Growth and yield of crops reduced under water deficit conditions. Environmental threat such as drought or water deficit condition is the emerging problem which creates the negative impact on the growth of plants. Based
upon the current situation a pot study was performed in rain out-shelter to explore
the effect of different plant densities (15, 10 and 5 plants per pot) on growth and
seed yield of two camelina genotypes under normal (100% WHC) and water deficit (60% WHC) conditions by using completely randomized design… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Shuaishuai Zhang1, Jin Li1, Yongchang Shen1, Linda Nartey Korkor1, Qian Pu1, Jin Lu1, Balock Shakeela1, Dedong Kong2, Ou Li1, Guohong Zeng1,*, Xiufang Hu1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 599-617, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.010074
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Crop Production under Abiotic Stress: Physiological and Molecular Interventions)
Abstract This study aimed to explore the cold tolerance of two cultivars of Dendrobium officinale (MG1, MG2) grown in different regions of China. Under -2°C
incubation, cultivar MG1 remained active after 3 d, and continued to grow after
returning to room temperature. However, MG2 could only maintain its activity
after 2 d treatment at −2°C, and the seedlings died with the low temperature treatment time. Investigation of the characteristics of the plants grown in the south
(Hangzhou) or north (Zhengzhou) of China indicated that the leaves of MG1 also
had reduced stomatal density, the highest thickness, and a compact microstructure. The… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Qili Zhang, Danni He, Songbei Ying, Shiyan Lu, Jiali Wei, Ping Li*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 619-631, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.010379
Abstract Seeds germination is strictly controlled by environment factor such as
high temperature (HT) through altering the balance between gibberellin acid (GA)
and abscisic acid (ABA). Gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a small molecule
with four-carbon amino acid, which plays a crucial role during plant physiological
process associated with pollination, wounding or abiotic stress, but its role in
seeds germination under HT remains elusive. In this study we found that HT
induced the overaccumulation of ROS, mainly H2O2 and O2-
, to suppress seeds
germination, meanwhile, HT also activated the enzyme activity of GAD for the
rapid accumulation of GABA, hinting the… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Danni He, Guoli Deng, Songpei Ying, Wenjuan Yang, Jiali Wei, Ping Li*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 633-643, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.010498
Abstract Primary seed dormancy is an adaptive strategy that prevents germination for viable seeds in harsh environment, ensuring seeds germination under
favorable condition. Accurately inducing seeds germination in a controllable manner is important for crop production. Thus searching the chemicals that efficiently
breaks seed dormancy is valuable. DOG1 protein abundance in the freshly harvested seed is high, and its level is correlated to seed dormancy intensity, thus
DOG1 is regarded as the timer to evaluate the seed dormancy degree. In this
study, we found the carbon monoxide (CO) donor treatment, the transgenic line
with high CO content, showed lower seed dormancy,… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Thiresia-Teresa Tzatzani1, Evangelia Basdeki2, Evangelia-Vasiliki Ladikou3, Marios-Ioannis N. Sotiras3, Georgios Panagiotakis4, Sryridon Lionakis4, Ioannis E. Papadakis3,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 645-656, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.010532
Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of various presowing treatments on the germinability (final germination percentage) and germination rate of loquat seeds in order to increase seedling production in nurseries
(applied research) as well as provide answers for important physiological issues
related to loquat seeds and their seed coat (basic research). Three experiments
were carried out with various pre-sowing treatments. These treatments included
full or partial removal of seed coat (perisperm), partial cutting of cotyledons as
well as moist chilling at 5°C for 13 days and/or soaking the seeds in water or
250 ppm gibberellic acid… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Jie Li1,2, Yuehua Feng1,3,*, Jinfeng Peng1, Xiaoke Wang1, Dinghua Yang2, Guiling Xu1
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 657-666, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.010969
Abstract Rice leaves show lateral asymmetry. Differences in width, thickness,
chlorophyll meter readings, nitrogen content, density, and yield on each asymmetrical have been reported. However, limited information is available on the distribution characteristics of the smooth side (SS) and rough side (RS) of rice leaves.
The SS of rice leaves can be divided into two types according to its location in
leaf: one is the smooth side appearing on the left (SSAL) of the leaf, while the
smooth side of the other type appears on the right (SSAR). Through the investigation of four rice varieties, we identified that the proportion of… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Yanwei Feng1, Wen Lei2, Rui Gu3, Ping Zhao4, Shijun Ni1,*, Ningfei Lei3,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 667-679, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.010160
Abstract Water, minerals, nutrients, etc., can be shared by physiological integration among inter-connected ramets of clonal plants. Nitrogen plays an important
role in alleviating cadmium (Cd) stress for clonal plants. But how different forms
of nitrogen affect growth performance of clonal plants subjected to heterogeneous
Cd stress still remains poorly understood. A pot experiment was conducted to
investigate the differential effects of ammonium and nitrate on growth performance of Glechoma longituba under heterogeneous Cd stress. In the experiment,
parent ramets of Glechoma longituba clonal fragments were respectively supplied
with modified Hoagland solution containing 7.5 mM ammonium, 7.5 mM nitrate
or the… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Shuai Li, Jianming Zhou, Shibo Xiang, Songhong Wei*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 681-690, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.010671
Abstract Ustilaginoidea virens, which causes rice false smut (RFS), is one of the
most detrimental rice fungal diseases and poses a severe threat to rice production
and quality. Effectors in U. virens often act as a group of essential virulence factors that play crucial roles in the interaction between host and the pathogen. Thus,
the functions of individual effectors in U. virens need to be further explored. Here,
we found a small secreted hypersensitive response-inducing protein
UVI_02019870 was highly conserved in fungi. Furthermore, we performed
Y2H and BiFC assay to demonstrated UVI_02019870 interacted with OsCPL1,
which was predicted as a chloroplast… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Daoxi Li1,*, Ruitao Lou1, Yanbin Li1, Zepeng Bian1, Ya’nan Zhu2
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 691-703, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.010661
Abstract A drought event can cause entire crops to fail or yield loss. In order to
study the effects of continuous drought on photosynthetic characteristics, yield,
and water use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the winter wheat variety “Aikang 58” was selected as test material with controlling the
water of the pot-planted winter wheat under a mobile rainout shelter. Based on
foot planting and safe wintering, winter wheat was evaluated under different
drought conditions, including light, moderate and severe drought at the jointing
(B), heading (C), and filling (G) stages. The soil water content was controlled
in a… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Leilei Kong1,2, Haowen Luo1, Zhaowen Mo1, Shenggang Pan1, Zhixia Liu2, Qiang Zhang2, Song Bai2,*, Xiangru Tang1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 705-714, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.010953
Abstract Climate conditions is an important factor affected the fragrant rice
growth and development. In order to study the effects of different planting seasons on fragrant rice performance in South China, present study was conducted
with three planting seasons (early season (April to July), middle season (June
to September) and late season (August to November)) and three fragrant rice cultivars, ‘Basmati-385’, ‘Meixiangzhan-2’ and ‘Xiangyaxiangzhan’. The results
showed that the highest grain yield and grain 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP, key
component of fragrant rice aroma) content were both recorded in late season treatment while the fragrant rice in middle season treatment produced the lowest… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Gloria Viviana Cerrillo-Rojas1, Mariana Tiscareño-Andrade1, Ana Erika Ochoa-Alfaro2, Eugenio Pérez-Molphe Balch1, Ruth Elena Soria-Guerra2, José Francisco Morales-Domínguez1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 715-726, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09769
Abstract Halophytes are an excellent choice for the study of genes conferring
salt tolerance to salt-sensitive plants and, they are suitable for reclamation and
remediation of saline soil. We develop an in vitro plant propagation protocol
and studies of genes involved with GB and Pro biosynthesis in Suaeda edulis.
Axillary buds were used as explants and cultured in different treatments on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations and
combinations of plant growth regulators. The highest number of multiple shoots
was on MS medium containing 1 mg/L Benzyladenine (BA) and / or 2 g/L activated carbon with 5.5 ±… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Noor Ahmad1,*, Rana Nadeem Abbas1, Asif Tanveer1, Zulfiqar Ahmad Saqib2
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 727-742, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08536
Abstract Parthenium poses serious threat to modern crop production system and
necessitate evaluating control practices for its effective management. Efficacy of
different weed control practices for controlling parthenium was explored in conventional and deep tillage systems in the field conditions. Hand hoeing (20 and
35 days after emergence), S-Metolachlor (pre-emergence herbicide), sorghum
straw mulch @ 5 tons ha-1 and combination of hand hoeing and sorghum straw
mulch (hand hoeing at 20 and straw mulch at 35 days after emergence) were used
as weed control practice. Weedy check where no weed control measure was
applied was also included in this experiment for… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Thatsanee Luangharn1,2,3,4, Samantha C. Karunarathna1,3, Peter E. Mortimer1,4,*, Kevin D. Hyde3,5, Jianchu Xu1,3,4,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 743-764, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09690
Abstract Ganoderma is a genus of medicinally and economically important
mushrooms in the family Ganodermataceae. Ganoderma species are popular medicinal mushrooms and their health benefits are well-documented. Ganoderma is a
cosmopolitan genus that is widely distributed in both tropical and temperate
regions. This genus is characterized by its unique laccate or non-laccate species
with double-walled basidiospores. Here, we report on eight collections of G. gibbosum collected during surveys in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China. The specimens are described and illustrated based on macro- and micro-morphological
characteristics. Total DNA of the eight G. gibbosum strains were extracted using
the Biospin Fungal Extraction Kit… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Jutamart Monkai1, Ruvishika S. Jayawardena1,2, Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura3,*, Kevin D. Hyde1
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.3, pp. 765-777, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09720
Abstract We isolated an interesting fungus from dead leaves of Magnolia liliifera
collected from Chiang Mai, Thailand. The novel strain is related to Plectosphaerellaceae based on the morphology of its asexual morph and the analysis of
sequence data. Phylogenetic analyses using a combined gene analysis of LSU
and ITS sequence data showed that this strain is clustered in the same clade with
Furcasterigmium furcatum with high statistical support. The new strains produced
the asexual morph in culture which is morphologically similar to F. furcatum.
Thus, we identified this strain as the sexual morph of F. furcatum. This is the first
record… More >
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