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• Biological and Functional Properties of Wedelolactone in Human Chronic Diseases
• Ramachandran Vinyagam¹, Pradeep Kumar², Kyung Eun Lee^1,3, Baojun Xu⁴, Muhammad Nurul Matin^5,*, Sang Gu Kang^1,3,*
• Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.1, pp. 1-15, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.013388
• Abstract Medicinal herbs are well known and studied over the past millennia in most of the developing countries as a rational means of treatment against various diseases and disorders. Wedelolactone (WDL), a major bioactive compound in Eclipta prostrata L (Eclipta alba L), has been reported with potential benefits in human health against chronic diseases. However, a comprehensive study on WDL pharmacological benefits in various ailments, to the best of our knowledge, is not yet reported. Thereof, the present review provides the recent therapeutic applications in reference to biological and functional activities against major human chronic diseases, including cardiovascular, cancer, diabetes mellitus,… More
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• Applications of Molecular Markers in Fruit Crops for Breeding Programs—A Review
• Riaz Ahmad¹, Muhammad Akbar Anjum^1,*, Safina Naz¹, Rashad Mukhtar Balal²
• Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.1, pp. 17-34, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.011680
• Abstract Selection and use of molecular markers for evaluation of DNA polymorphism in plants are couple of the most important approaches in the field of molecular genetics. The assessment of genetic diversity using morphological markers is not sufficient due to little differentiating traits among the species, genera or their individuals. Morphological markers are not only highly influenced by environmental factors but skilled assessment is also prerequisite to find the variations in plant genetic resources. Therefore, molecular markers are considered as efficient tools for detailed DNA based characterization of fruit crops. Molecular markers provide new directions to the efforts of plant breeders… More
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• Advances in Cotton Tolerance to Heavy Metal Stress and Applications to Remediate Heavy Metal-Contaminated Farmland Soil
• Ling Li^*, Xuyu Yan, Juan Li, Yashan Tian, Pan Ren
• Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.1, pp. 35-50, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.012276
• Abstract Heavy metal-contaminated soil is one of the major environmental pollution problems of agricultural production and human health in the world. Remediation of heavy metals in soil is one of the most popular research subjects. Different remediation strategies have been reported to remove heavy metals from contaminated soil, among which phytoremediation is the most important one. Compared with other major crops, cotton shows the strongest and most widespread resistance to abiotic stresses, such as heavy metals. Although heavy metal stress adversely affects the growth and development of cotton, cotton possesses a set of sophisticated stress-resistance strategies. As the main product of… More
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• Salt Stress Threshold in Millets: Perspective on Cultivation on Marginal Lands for Biomass
• Naveed Ul Mushtaq¹, Seerat Saleem¹, Aadil Rasool¹, Wasifa Hafiz Shah¹, Khalid Rehman Hakeem^2,*, Reiaz Ul Rehman^1,*
• Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.1, pp. 51-64, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.012163
• Abstract

  Millets hold an immense assurance for food safety and nourishment amid ever-rising agricultural expenses and climate alterations. They are healthful, have supplementary wellbeing profit and need remarkably fewer effort overheads for crop growing. These characters draw attention to millets as a plant of preference for the humankind in the course of emergent alarm about environmental changes. Millets have the prospect to provide biomass and thus bioenergy, reduced carbon emission, carbon footprint and sustainable modern agriculture. As the rate of expansion in budding countries is increasing day by day, the scarcity of energy is a big panic and there is a… More

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• Do Strigolactones Regulate Bud Winter Dormancy and Charactrisitc Secondary Metabolism in Tea?
• Lin Feng¹, Ziming Gong^1,*, Guofeng Liu², Yanli Liu¹
• Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.1, pp. 65-73, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.012303
  (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Secondary Metabolites: Recent Advances and Opportunities)
• Abstract Tea (Camellia sinensis [L.] O. Kuntze.) is an important cash crop, which mainly uses tender shoots and young leaves for manufacturing. Due to the marketing characteristic that earlier made tea has higher price, the time of the breaking of winter dormancy buds in spring is extremely important in tea industry. Strigolactones are a group of carotenoids-derived metabolites which regulates bud outgrowth, shoot branching, tiller angle and environmental stress responses. The role of strigolactones in tea plant was briefly summarized in the current review, with an emphasis of the association of strigolactones on bud ecodormancy and shoot branching. The involvement of… More
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• Changes in Phyto-Chemical Status upon Viral Infections in Plant: A Critical Review
• Tehmina Bahar^1,*, Adeeba Mahboob Qureshi¹, Fasiha Qurashi^1,2, Muniba Abid¹, Misbah Batool Zahra¹, Muhammad Saleem Haider¹
• Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.1, pp. 75-86, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.010597
  (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Secondary Metabolites: Recent Advances and Opportunities)
• Abstract Most damaging plant diseases have been caused by viruses in the entire world. In tropical and subtropical areas, the damage caused by plant virus leads to great economic and agricultural losses. Single stranded DNA viruses (geminiviruses) are the most perilous pathogens which are responsible for major diseases in agronomic and horticultural crops. Significantly begomoviruses and mastreviruses are the biggest genus of plant infecting viruses, transmitted though Bemisia tabaci and members of Cicadellidae respectively. Plants possesses some naturally existing chemicals term as phyto-chemicals which perform important functions in the plant. Some antioxidant enzymes are used by plants for self-defense upon foreign… More
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• Cytogenetical Changes among Polyembryonic (PEm) and Non-PEm Maize Plants
• A. A. Román-Calzoncit¹, F. Ramírez-Godina^2,*, J. Sánchez-Laureano², A. C. Flores-Gallegos¹, J. Espinoza-Velázquez², R. Rodríguez-Herrera^1,*
• Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.1, pp. 87-97, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.013880
• Abstract Polyembryony in maize (PEm) contributes to improving the nutritional properties of the grain, as well as an increase in yield, since it generates multiple plants per seed, opening the possibility of developing new varieties. However, it is unknown whether polyembryony in maize is the product of chromosomal abnormalities. Based on the above, in this research a cytogenetic study was proposed to verify if chromosomal abnormalities are related to the maize polyembryony. For a meiotic study, maize genotypes with variable proportions of polyembryony (PEm), from the UA-IMM-BAP population and non-PEm (monoembryonic) maize were used, while for a mitosis analysis, 30 families… More
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• Thylakoid Transit Peptide Is Related to the Expression and Localization of NdhB Subunits in Soybean
• Siyi Fu^1,#, Tao Yun^2,#, Dexuan Ma¹, Bingsong Zheng¹, Dean Jiang³, Yi He^1,*
• Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.1, pp. 99-110, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.013262
• Abstract The chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) complex, as one of the most important photosynthesis protein complexes in thylakoid membrane, is involved in photosystem I (PSI) cyclic electron transport (CEF). Under abiotic environmental stress, the photosynthetic apparatus is susceptible to the damage caused by the strong light illumination. However, the enhancement of NDHdependent CEF could facilitate the alleviation of the damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. The NdhB subunit encoded by chloroplast genome is one of most important subunits of NDH complex and consists of 510 amino acids. Here, according to cloning ndhB from Melrose (cultivated soybean), ACC547 (wild salt-tolerant soybean), S113-6 and… More
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• DWARF and SMALL SEED1, a Novel Allele of OsDWARF, Controls Rice Plant Architecture, Seed Size, and Chlorophyll Biosynthesis
• Yan Li¹, Renquan Huang¹, Jianrong Li¹, Xiaozhen Huang¹, Xiaofang Zeng^1,*, Degang Zhao^1,2,*
• Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.1, pp. 111-127, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.013933
• Abstract Plant architecture is a vital agronomic trait to control yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.). A dwarf and small seed 1 (dss1) mutant were obtained from the ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenized progeny of a Guizhou glutinous landrace cultivar, Lipingzabianhe. The dss1 mutant displayed phenotypes similar to those of brassinosteroid (BR) deficient mutants, such as dwarfing, dark green and rugose erect leaves, small seeds, and loner neck internode panicles with primary branching. In our previous study, the underlying DSS1 gene was isolated, a novel allele of OsDWARF (OsBR6ox) that encodes a cytochrome P450 protein involved in the BR biosynthetic pathway by… More
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• Dynamic Expression Analysis and Introgressive Gene Identification of Fiber Length Using Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines from G. hirsutum × G. barbadense
• Pengtao Li^1,2,#,*, Quanwei Lu^1,#, Xianghui Xiao³, Rui Yang³, Xixi Duan¹
• Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.1, pp. 129-144, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.012928
• Abstract Fiber length is a critical trait that principally determines cotton spinning quality, while Upland cotton as the most widely cultivated Gossypium species around the world subjects to the relatively ordinary fiber performance. Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) have been introduced in cotton breeding to take full advantages of superior fiber quality and high yield from Sea Island and Upland cotton, respectively, which serve as ideal materials for elucidating the genetic mechanism of complex quantitative traits. Here, three CSSLs derived from CCRI45 (G. hirsutum) × Hai1 (G. barbadense), two superior (MBI7561 and MBI7747) and one (MBI7285) with ordinary fiber-quality, were subjected… More
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• Effects of Barium Stress in Brassica juncea and Cakile maritima: The Indicator Role of Some Antioxidant Enzymes and Secondary Metabolites
• Houda Bouslimi¹, Renata Ferreira², Nesrine Dridi¹, Pedro Brito³, Susete Martins-Dias⁴, Isabel Caçador⁵, Noomene Sleimi^1,*
• Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.1, pp. 145-158, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.011752
• Abstract Soil contamination by toxic trace metal elements, like barium (Ba), may stimulate various undesirable changes in the metabolic activity of plants. The plant responses are fast and with, direct or indirect, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To cope with the stress imposed by the ROS production, plants developed a dual cellular system composed of enzymatic and non-enzymatic players that convert ROS, and their by-products, into stable nontoxic molecules. To assess the Ba stress response of two Brassicaceae species (Brassica juncea, a glycophyte, and Cakile maritime, a halophyte), plants were exposure to different Ba concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300 and… More
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• Allelopathic Potential and Mechanism of Rosebay Willowherb [Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop.] Demonstrated on Model Plant Lettuce
• Hailin Shi^#, Shiwei Sun^#, Xiaohong Liu, Jiahe Fan, Jin Wang, Ke Zhao, Wei Wang^*
• Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.1, pp. 159-170, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.011620
• Abstract Allelopathic plants are important resources for the discovery of bioherbicides. Rosebay willowherb [Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. syn. Epilobium angustifolium L.] widely distributes in Western Asia, Europe, and North America, and behaves as a dominant species within the community due to the production of substances that restrict growth of other plants. This study aims at investigating the allelopathic potential of rosebay willowherb by evaluation of the effects of aqueous extracts from different parts on seed germination and seedling growth in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), as well as measuring the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and structural analysis of root tips via… More
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• AM Fungi and Piriformospora indica Improve Plant Growth of Pinus elliottii Seedlings
• Taoze Sun, Wei Tan, Yujie Yang, Hongna Mu^*
• Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.1, pp. 171-178, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.013668
  (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Mycorrhizal Fungi and Sustainable Development of Agriculture)
• Abstract Pinus elliottii is an exotic afforestation pine extensively distributed in southern parts of China. In order to understand whether endophytic fungi can affect seedling growth of P. elliottii, Piriformospora indica (Pi), Funnelifcrmis mosseae (Fm), and Diversispora tortuosa (Dt) were inoculated respectively, and the non-inoculated group was set as control. The growth indexes, the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein, and plant endogenous hormone levels in the leaves of P. elliottii, were analyzed. The results showed that Fm, Dt and Pi colonized the P. elliottii roots to form mycorrhizal structure and chlamydospores arranged in beads respectively. Three fungal inoculants exhibited… More
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• Species Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Rhizosphere of Hevea brasiliensis in Hainan Island, China
• Xiubing Gao^1,3, Jiejie Lv², Can Guo¹, Anlong Hu³, Xiaomao Wu³, Zengping Li^4,*
• Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.1, pp. 179-192, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.012968
  (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Mycorrhizal Fungi and Sustainable Development of Agriculture)
• Abstract Hevea brasiliensis is one of the important economic trees with a great economic value for natural rubber production. Symbiosis between roots of H. brasiliensis and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is widely recognized, and can provide a range of benefits for both of them. Hainan Island harbors is one of the largest plantations of H. brasiliensis in China, whereas the information regarding the diversity of AMF in the rhizosphere of H. brasiliensis on this island is scarce. The diversity of AMF species in the rhizosphere of rubber tree plantations in Hainan was investigated in this study. A total of 72 soil… More
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• Inhibitory Effect of N, N-Dimethylhexadecylamine on the Growth of White-Rot Fungus Trametes versicolor (L.) in Wood
• Wilber Montejo-Mayo¹, Eduardo Días-Rivera¹, Mauro Martínez-Pacheco², Abril Munro-Rojas¹, Enrique Ambriz-Parra¹, Crisanto Velázquez-Becerra^1,*
• Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.1, pp. 193-206, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.011402
• Abstract Wood is an organic material that is a source of carbon of organisms called Wood-decay fungi, and to preserve the wood, various toxic compounds to man and the environment have been used. To analyze the effect of N,N-Dimethylhexadecylamine (DMHDA) on wood attacked by the rotting fungus Trametes versicolor L. We used an in vitro system to expose the fungus T. versicolor to different concentrations of the DMHDA (50, 150 and 450 μM). We quantified the diameter of mycelial growth and laccase activity, also, under these experimental conditions we studied morphological details of the organisms using different scanning equipment including scanning… More
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• Different Decaying Wood Effects on Bacterial Diversity: Insights from Molecular Methods
• Mu Peng¹, Yanli Jing^1,#, Qiuyu Wang¹, Shaopeng Yan^1,2,*
• Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.1, pp. 207-222, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.012424
• Abstract Decaying wood is a novel key factor required for biodiversity and function of a forest, as it provides a good account of substrate and habitats for various organisms. Herein, the bacterial diversity in decaying wood of Betula platyphylla was discussed through high throughput sequencing. Our results showed that most of the obtained sequences belonged to the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Bacterial community compositions in samples with higher moisture content were obviously different than that with lower content, which could be reflected by richness estimators, diversity indices, and cluster and heatmap analysis. All three networks were non-random… More
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• The Enhancement of Soil Fertility, Dry Matter Transport and Accumulation, Nitrogen Uptake and Yield in Rice via Green Manuring
• Tianyuan Li^1,#, Saif Ullah^1,#, He Liang¹, Izhar Ali¹, Quan Zhao¹, Anas Iqbal¹, Shanqing Wei¹, Tariq Shah², Yuqiong Luo¹, Ligeng Jiang^1,*
• Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.1, pp. 223-243, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.012065
  (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Physiology for Crop Production and Sustainable Agriculture)
• Abstract Readily available chemical fertilizers have resulted in a decline in the use of organic manure (e.g., green manures), a traditionally sustainable source of nutrients. Based on this, we applied urea at the rate of 270 kg ha⁻¹ with and without green manure in order to assess nitrogen (N) productivity in a double rice cropping system in 2017. In particular, treatment combinations were as follows: winter fallow rice-rice (WF-R-R), milk vetch rice-rice (MV-R-R), oil-seed rape rice-rice (R-R-R) and potato crop rice-rice (P-R-R). Results revealed that green manure significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved the soil chemical properties and net soil organic carbon… More
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• Effect of Pre-Anthesis Drought Hardening on Post-Anthesis Physiological Characteristics, Yield and WUE in Winter Wheat
• Ruitao Lou¹, Daoxi Li^1,*, Yanbin Li¹, Zepeng Bian¹, Yanan Zhu²
• Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.1, pp. 245-257, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.014073
  (This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Physiology for Crop Production and Sustainable Agriculture)
• Abstract A drought event can cause yield loss or entire crops to fail. In order to study the effects of continuous drought on physiological characteristics, yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the variety “Zhoumai 22” was grown in controlled water conditions of the pot-planted winter wheat under a mobile rainout shelter. Foot planting and safe wintering were used to evaluate, winter wheat under different drought conditions, including light, moderate and severe drought at the jointing, heading, and filling stages. The soil water content was controlled at 60–70%, 50–60%, or 40–50% of field capacity. Experimental trials… More
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• Phenotypic Variation among and within Three Peppers Species (Capsicum) from Mexico
• Carlos Eduardo Ornelas-Ramírez¹, Sergio Hernández-Verdugo^1,*, Jesús Enrique Retes-Manjarrez¹, Angel Valdez-Ortiz², Antonio Pacheco-Olvera¹, Tomás Osuna-Enciso³, Flor Porras¹
• Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.1, pp. 259-275, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.012476
• Abstract The phenotypic variation and its distribution among species, morphotypes, and among and within populations was estimated in 71 populations pertaining to 15 morphotypes of three domesticated species of Capsicum from Mexico. Collections were made in the states of Sinaloa, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Tabasco, and Yucatán in two agroecosystems: Backyard-garden and monoculture. Fifteen phenotypic characteristics were analyzed through one-way variance analysis and multivariate analyses of principal components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering using Ward’s method. The study was performed in a uniform greenhouse experiment. A high variation was found among and within populations in all the measured characteristics. Of the total variation,… More
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• Reference Gene Selection for qRT-PCR Normalization in Iris germanica L.
• Yinjie Wang, Yongxia Zhang, Qingquan Liu, Liangqin Liu, Suzhen Huang, Haiyan Yuan^*
• Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.1, pp. 277-290, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.011545
• Abstract Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is an effective and widely used method to analyze expression patterns of target genes. Selection of stable reference genes is a prerequisite for accurate normalization of target gene expression by qRT-PCR. In Iris germanica L., no studies have yet been published regarding the evaluation of potential reference genes. In this study, nine candidate reference genes were assessed at different flower developmental stages and in different tissues by four different algorithms (GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder). The results revealed that ACT11 (Actin 11) and EF1α (Elongation factor 1 alpha) were the most stable reference genes in different… More
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• Chilling Injury, Physicochemical Properties, and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Red Pitahaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Fruits under Cold Storage Stress
• Kai Sheng¹, Saichao Wei¹, Jun Mei^1,2,3,4,*, Jing Xie^1,2,3,4,*
• Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.1, pp. 291-305, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.012985
• Abstract Low-temperature storage is extensively used to optimize the postharvest life of various fresh fruits. However, red pitahaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) fruits are sensitive to chilling injury (CI), which leads to the limitation of low-temperature storage. In this study, red pitahaya fruits were stored at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10°C, respectively, for 27 days to determine the appropriate storage temperature. During the storage of red pitahaya fruits, storage at 8°C was more effective in suppressing decay and maintaining quality than other low temperatures. Low-temperature (2, 4, and 6°C) storage decreased weight loss (WL) and maintained higher content of titratable acidity (TA),… More
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