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REVIEW

Armin Saed-Moucheshi^1,*, Elham Rezaei Mirghaed²
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.7, pp. 1921-1941, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.027810
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Selenium, Silicon and their Nanoparticles-mediated Environmental Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants)
Abstract

One of the main reasons of the annual reduction in plant production all around the world is the occurrence of abiotic stresses as a result of an unpredicted changes in environmental conditions. Abiotic stresses basically trigger numerous pathways related to oxygen free radicals’ generation resulting in a higher rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Accordingly, higher rate of oxygen free radicals than its steady state causes to oxidize various types of molecules and compartments within the plants’ cells and tissues. Oxidative stress is the result of high amount free radicals of oxygen interfering with different functions leading to undergo… More >

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Talha Ali Chohan^1,*, Tahir Ali Chohan^2,*, Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz¹, Muhammad Waqar Alam³, Salah ud Din⁴, Iqra Naseer⁵, Ayesha Riaz¹, Tayyeba Naseem¹, Areeba Iftikhar⁶, Dur E. Najaf Ali¹, Mubashir Hassan⁷, Hayssam M. Ali⁸
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.7, pp. 1943-1954, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.026945
Abstract Myzus persicae (M. persicae) is now considered a threat to agricultural crops due to economic losses. Numerous synthetic insecticides applied every year against M. persicae, are reported to be unsafe for environment, humans, and beneficial insects. Furthermore, several species of Myzus have been found to develop resistance due to over application of these insecticides. Therefore, it is required to find some novel insecticide that would be safe for the environment as well as for humans. In the current study, two major pure constituents α-pinene and β-caryophyllene were evaluated for their insecticidal potential against M. persicae using a fumigant toxicity assay.… More >

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Huwida A. A. Abdel-Kader¹, Naeima Yousef¹, Mohammad Anwar Hossain^2,*, Mona F. A. Dawood^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.7, pp. 1955-1974, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.028583
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Selenium, Silicon and their Nanoparticles-mediated Environmental Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants)
Abstract The extensive use of nanoparticles (NPs) in diverse applications causes their localization to aquatic habitats, affecting the metabolic products of primary producers in aquatic ecosystems, such as algae. Synthesized calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) are of the scarcely studied NPs. Thus, the current work proposed that the exposure to CaO NPs may instigate metabolic pathway to be higher than that of normally growing algae, and positively stimulate algal biomass. In this respect, this research was undertaken to study the exposure effect of CaO NPs (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 µg mL⁻¹ ) on the growth, photosynthesis, respiration, oxidative… More >

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Kai Luo¹, Yanbing Bai¹, Yan Jiang¹, Guiling Li¹, Min Jia¹, Yongguo He¹, Zhijun Yao¹, Ziwei Xiao¹, Xiaoqiong Liu¹, Wenjie Liu², Shanshan Yin^1,*, Zesheng Li^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.7, pp. 1975-1986, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.028232
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant–Environment Interactions)
Abstract Pollination biology studies of the endangered herbal medicines Dendrobium chrysotoxum were conducted in natural pollination conditions using flower observation, pollinator observation and artificial pollination experiments. Populations of D. chrysotoxum with fragrance and nectar were pollinated by Ctenoplectra davidi Valhalla (Hymenoptera: Apidae) species. The floral structure of D. chrysotoxum adapted precisely to its pollinators. Flowers had a low capsule setting (0.17%) under natural conditions. However, compared to open pollination, artificial pollination experiments showed a significant increase in capsule setting, and D. chrysotoxum was cross-compatible and self-compatible, but there was pollinator limitation also. This study will provide important information for the preservation… More >

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Xu Gao, Ziqi Shen, Jinliang Xu, Min Fan, Qiang Li^*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.7, pp. 1987-1999, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.027318
Abstract Phytophthora nicotianae causes substantial economic losses in most countries where tobacco is produced. At present, the control of P. nicotianae mainly depends on chemical methods, with considerable environmental and health issues. We investigated the effects of ethanol extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG) and Magnolia officinalis (MO). On mycelial growth, sporangium formation, and zoospore release of P. nicotianae. Both extracts inhibited the growth of P. nicotianae, with mycelial growth inhibition rates of 88.92% and 93.92%, respectively, at 40 mg/mL, and EC50 values of 5.39 and 5.74 mg/mL, respectively. The underlying mechanisms were the inhibition of sporangium formation, the reduction of… More >

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Minghui Niu^1,#, Heng Zhang^1,#, Xiangyang Li¹, Zhibao Hu¹, Hongjiao Zhang^2,3, Zhiru Xu^2,3, Chunpu Qu^1,4,*, Guanjun Liu^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.7, pp. 2001-2015, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.029350
Abstract KANADI (KAN) is a plant-specific gene that controlled the polarity development of lateral organs. It mainly acted on the abaxial characteristics of plants to make the lateral organs asymmetrical. However, it had been less identified in woody plants. In this study, the members of the KAN gene family in Populus trichocarpa were identified and analyzed using the bioinformatics method. The results showed that a total of 8 KAN family members were screened out, and each member contained the unique GARP domain and conserved region of the family proteins. Phylogenetic analysis and their gene structures revealed that all KAN genes from… More >

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Sang Ik Song^*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.7, pp. 2017-2034, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.027469
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Identification of Genetic/Epigenetic Components Responding to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Crops)
Abstract Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligases that facilitate the conjugation of SUMO proteins to target substrates contain an SP-RING domain which is like the RING domain found in ubiquitin E3 ligases. In this study, we isolated and characterized the Oryza sativa protein inhibitor of activated STAT like1 (OsPIAL1) containing SP-RING domains, as the rice homolog of Arabidopsis PIALs. OsPIAL1 interacts with OsSUMO proteins but does not interact with rice SUMO-conjugating enzymes (OsSCEs). An analysis of transgenic rice plant shows that OsPIAL1 is involved in SUMO conjugation to SCEs but not in SUMO conjugation to substrates. In addition, this OsPIAL1 activity… More >

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311

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Shaochun Liu, Jiamin Hu, Haohua He, Junru Fu, Xu Jie, Dahu Zhou^*, Haihui Fu^*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.7, pp. 2035-2049, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.028296
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Omics in Challenging Environment)
Abstract OsPLS4 encodes a β-ketoacyl carrier protein reductase (KAR). The role of OsPLS4 in rice sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) remains unclear. Our preliminary studies showed that premature leaf senescence mutants (pls4) were highly susceptive to sheath blight in the early stage of rice development. To explore the role of this gene in the development of rice sheath blight, the transcriptome profiles of the rice pls4 mutant and wild type were compared by RNA-seq. The results revealed 2,569 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The down-regulated genes were significantly enriched in the defense response-related biological processes. These down-regulated genes included the chitinase genes and… More >

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333

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Xi Liu^1,2,#,*, Chuxuan Zhao^2,#, Di Wang^3,#, Gen Pan⁴, Xiaonan Ji², Su Gao², Tanxiao Du², Yating Feng², Wenjing Chen²
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.7, pp. 2051-2064, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.028196
Abstract Many studies have already shown that dwarfism and moderate delayed leaf senescence positively impact rice yield, but the underlying molecular mechanism of dwarfism and leaf senescence remains largely unknown. Here, using map-based cloning, we identified an allele of DEP2, DDG1, which controls plant height and leaf senescence in rice. The ddg1 mutant displayed dwarfism, short panicles, and delayed leaf senescence. Compared with the wild-type, ddg1 was insensitive to exogenous gibberellins (GA) and brassinolide (BR). DDG1 is expressed in various organs, especially in stems and panicles. Yeast two-hybrid assay, bimolecular fluorescent complementation and luciferase complementation image assay showed that DDG1 interacts… More >

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311

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REVIEW

Sugey Vásquez-Hernández, Joaquín Adolfo Montes-Molina^*, Federico Antonio Gutiérrez-Miceli, Sheila Jazmín Reyes-Zambrano, Carlos Alberto Lecona-Guzmán^*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.7, pp. 2065-2078, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.028784
Abstract Biotechnological techniques provide a viable alternative to help improve and increase the production of plant species of agricultural and economic importance, which have been affected over the years by climate change, increasing their susceptibility to pests and/or diseases, generating losses in production as well as a decrease in their regenerative and genetic diversity. The application of biotechnological techniques such as in vitro mutagenesis offers a viable option for the generation of crops that are resistant to the different factors caused by abiotic and biotic stress. In vitro mutagenesis has been used in an efficient way to generate genetic changes in… More >

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Yuanyuan Li^1,#, Jinze Mu^2,#, Qingliang Li¹, Huabing Liu³, Xuefeng Yuan^2,*, Deya Wang^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.7, pp. 2079-2085, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.028237
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Identification of Genetic/Epigenetic Components Responding to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Crops)
Abstract Infection of plum bark necrosis stem pitting associated virus (PBNSPaV) has been reported in many Prunus species in several countries, causing significant economic losses. The very small proteins encoded by plant viruses are often overlooked due to their short sequences and uncertain significance. However, numerous studies have indicated that they might play important roles in the pathogenesis of virus infection. The role of small hydrophobic protein P6, encoded by the open reading frame 2 of PBNSPaV, has not been well explored. In this study, we amplified the P6 fragment from a PBNSPaV isolate by RT-PCR using specific primers and found… More >

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Cong Hou¹, Kang Ning¹, Xiuye Wei¹, Yufei Cheng¹, Huatao Yu¹, Haibin Yu², Xia Liu^1,*, Linlin Dong^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.7, pp. 2087-2103, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.029041
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Identification of Genetic/Epigenetic Components Responding to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Crops)
Abstract Abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in regulating diverse biological processes, but its signal transduction genes and roles in hemp seed germination are not well known. Here, the ABA signaling pathway members, PYL, PP2C and SnRK2 gene families, were identified from the hemp reference genome, including 7 CsPYL (pyrab-actin resistance1-like, ABA receptor), 8 CsPP2CA (group A protein phosphatase 2c), and 7 CsSnRK2 (sucrose nonfermenting1-related protein kinase 2). The content of ABA in hemp seeds in germination stage is lower than that in non-germination stage. Exogenous ABA (1 or 10 μM) treatment had a significant regulatory effect on the selected PYL, PP2C,… More >

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Yuquan Huang^1,2, Fan Wei¹, Qing Ma², Yang Lin¹, Jinpeng Huang², Yanxia Zhu^1,*, Danfeng Tang^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.7, pp. 2105-2116, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.029205
Abstract Ilex asprella (Hook. et Arn.) Champ. ex Benth is one of the most important traditional Chinese medicines in southern China. The seeds of Ilex asprella usually have extremely low germination due to their dormancy characteristics, which severely impacts the efficiency of seedling raising and increases labor costs. In this study, to improve the seed germination of I. asprella, the effects of germination substrate, hormone, winnowing, and stratification treatments on the seed germination of I. asprella were investigated. The results of the germination matrix showed that the highest germination percentage of 45.2% was achieved under the 20°C/10°C day/night temperature and vermiculite… More >

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Teng Fei¹, Youmei Li¹, Bo Li², Zhaosen Xie^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.7, pp. 2117-2132, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.028208
Abstract The vascular system of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) flower is a channel for transporting water and nutrients to the ovary. It plays an important role in the development of the ovary and fertilization through pollination. However, the vascular bundles in the flower are so tiny that they are difficult to sample and observe by traditional slicing techniques. In this study, ‘Summer Black’ grape flowers were selected as the test materials, and the tissue samples were treated by the optical clearing technique. After simple compaction, the structure and development of the vasculature were observed by common microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and… More >

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Abdelmajid Krouma^1,2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.7, pp. 2133-2150, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.029048
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Abiotic and Biotic Stress Tolerance in Crop)
Abstract Iron is an essential element for plants as well as all living organisms, functioning in various physiological and biochemical processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, DNA synthesis, and N₂ fixation. In the soil, Fe bioavailability is extremely low, especially under aerobic conditions and at high pH ranges. In contrast, plants with nodules on their roots that fix atmospheric nitrogen need much more iron. To highlight the physiological traits underlying the tolerance of N₂-fixing common bean to iron deficiency, two genotypes were hydroponically cultivated in a greenhouse: Coco nain (CN) and Coco blanc (CB). Plants were inoculated with an efficient strain of… More >

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Yajun Li, Yihui Wang, Shuang Chen, Yu Gao, Yan Shi^*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.7, pp. 2151-2164, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.027930
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Comprehensive Effects of Biochar or other Additives after Applied to Agricultural and Forest Soils)
Abstract

In recent years, in order to improve nutrient use efficiency, especially nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer value-added technology has been developed rapidly. However, the mechanism of the effect of synergistic fertilizer on plant nitrogen utilization is not clear. A study was, therefore, conducted to explore the activities and gene expression of key enzymes for nitrogen assimilation and the gene expression of nitrogen transporters in wheat after the application of synergistic fertilizer. Soil column experiment was set up in Qingdao Agricultural University experimental base from October 2018 to June 2019. Maleic acid and itaconic acid were copolymerized with acrylic acid as cross-linking… More >

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Crisanto Velázquez-Becerra^1,*, Gu Yen Ambriz-Ortiz¹, Rafael Torres-Martínez², Mauro Manuel Martínez-Pacheco³
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.7, pp. 2165-2181, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.026954
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Bioactive Compounds-Chemotaxonomic Significance, Antioxidant Properties, Potential Application as Food Ingredients as well as Therapeutics, and the Analytical Technology in Their Efficient Discovery)
Abstract Wood is a lignocellulosic material that, because of its organic nature, is a source of nutrients for bacteria, fungi, and insects. Incisitermes marginipennis (Latreille) is an interesting dry wood-boring termite. Because it is an extremely destructive pest, difficult to control due to its cryptic lifestyle, and for its role in the biogeochemical cycle of carbon and other elements; it is a fundamental organism. The use of less toxic and eco-friendly substances is important for protecting domestic, cultural, and historical heritage made of wood or lignocellulosic materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological activity of various naphthoquinones… More >

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Esraa E. Shalan¹, Said S. Soliman¹, Ahmed A. Mahmoud¹, Jameel M. Al-Khayri^2,*, Salha M. ALshamrani³, Fatmah A. Safhi⁴, Areej S. Jalal⁴, Diaa Abd El-Moneim⁵, Abdallah A. Hassanin^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.7, pp. 2183-2196, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.028537
Abstract Determination of the somaclonal variation of in vitro-propagated plants is crucial to determine the appropriate micropropagation protocol and growth regulators for commercial scale multiplication. In this research, nine multiplication media (MM) augmented with different concentrations of 6-benzyl adenine (BA), Kinetin (Kin), and Thidiazuron (TDZ), Three rooting media (RM) supplemented with three levels of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and three types of soil mixtures (v/v); Coco peat/Vermiculite/Sand (CVS), Peat moss/Perlite/Sand (PPS) and Peat moss/Perlite (PP) were used in the micropropagation protocol of daylily plants. MM2 showed the maximum shoot length and the number of leaves, while MM9 showed the maximum number… More >

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Aysegul Akpinar^*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.7, pp. 2197-2210, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.029006
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Abiotic and Biotic Stress Tolerance in Crop)
Abstract Carex species are widely used in many parts of the world and contain a large number of ecologically diverse species. Among the Carex species, some of them are known to be glycophytes, while others are halophytes. Carex morrowii Boott (Cyperaceae) is resistant to trample through their root structure and has an essential ornamental value in the landscape with their leaves. However, no information was found about the level of salinity tolerance/ sensitivity of the Carex morrowii among these species. In the present study, changes in trace element contents (Na, K, Ca, Cu, Mn, Mg, Ni, Fe, P, Zn, and N)… More >

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