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Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L., Hr) fruits are popular as food and for their health benefits. This study aimed to determine polyphenolic compound content and antioxidant activity in different parts of Hr. Nineteen phenolic compounds were identified in various Hr parts. Among flavonoids, kaempferol, quercetin, and isorhamnetin glycosides were the most significant in fruits and leaves. Bark and roots had different compositions, with catechins in high amounts but minimal flavonols. Water extracts for 10 minutes had the highest concentration of phenolic substances, with similar results for fresh and dried raw materials. Phenols and flavonols were most abundant in water infusions from leaves (especially quercetin-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside) compared to methanolic extracts. Fresh and dried Hr leaves had the highest antioxidant activity and may be sources of biologically active compounds in addition to fruits.
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  • Open AccessOpen Access

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    The Cotton GhWRKY91 Gene Negatively Regulates Root Elongation in Overexpressed Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana

    Yueying Liu#, Yuqing Wang#, Lijiao Gu*
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.11, pp. 2937-2946, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.043306 - 24 October 2023
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Abiotic and Biotic Stress Tolerance in Crop)
    Abstract WRKY transcription factors play important roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Our previous research has shown that the GhWRKY91 gene can delay age-, abscisic acid (ABA)-, and drought-induced leaf senescence when overexpressed in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. To explore in more depth the biological functions of the GhWRKY91 gene, we further observed the root growth of overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana under ABA and drought treatment. In this study, we transplanted the germinated seeds of wild-type (WT) and three transgenic lines (OE-12, OE-13 and OE-20) to 1/2 MS solid medium containing ABA and different concentrations of mannitol (simulated… More >

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    Combining Transcriptomics and Metabolomics to Uncover the Effects of High-Energy Lithium-Ion Beam Irradiation on Capsicum annuum L.

    Libo Xie1, Xue Wang1, Luxiang Liu2,*, Chunmei Xu1, Yongdun Xie2, Hongchun Xiong2, Xinchun Han3, Mu Guo1
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.11, pp. 2947-2964, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.042919 - 24 October 2023
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Multi-omics Approach to Understand Plant Stress Tolerance)
    Abstract Hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is consumed as one of the oldest domesticated crops all over the world. Although mutation breeding using radiation has been performed in hot peppers, little is known about the comparative analysis of mutagenic effects at the molecular level by ion beam irradiation. To comprehend the response mechanism of hot pepper to the ion beam, we used a mutant with favorable economic characteristics induced by lithium-ion beam irradiation to investigate the biological effects. The results indicated that the lithium-ion beam had a positive effect on important agronomic traits, particularly yield unit, but… More >

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    Polyphenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.)

    Ain Raal1,*, Linda Rusalepp2, Tatiana Chiru3, Nicolae Ciobanu3, Kelly Talvistu1, Michelle Shusta1, Oleh Koshovyi1,4, Tõnu Püssa2
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.11, pp. 2965-2979, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.042723 - 24 October 2023
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Extraction Techniques, Composition and Bioactivity Research of Plant Extracts)
    Abstract The fruits of the Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) are a popular plant food and a valuable health product. Cultivating plants produces a lot of leaves with fine branches as an unnecessary residue, which needs valorization. The aim of the study was to estimate (by HPLC-MS/MS) the qualitative and quantitative content of polyphenolic compounds in different parts of H. rhamnoides (HR), and to determine the level of antioxidant activity of leaves and fruits (by DPPH, ABTS methods and ferrozine test). Up to 19 compounds were identified in different parts of HR. The fruits are rich in flavonoids, including… More >

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    Transcriptome Analysis of Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Phenotypic Variation in Phaseolus vulgaris Mutant ‘nts’

    Limin Yin#, Chang Liu#, Zicong Liang, Dajun Liu, Guojun Feng, Zhishan Yan*, Xiaoxu Yang*
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.11, pp. 2981-2998, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.043151 - 24 October 2023
    Abstract The phenotype of a common bean plant is often closely related to its yield, and the yield of plants with reduced height or poor stem development during growth is low. Mutants serve as an essential gene resource for common bean breeding genetic research. Although model plants and crops are studied to comprehend the molecular mechanisms and genetic basis of plant phenotypes, the molecular mechanism of phenotypic variation in common beans remains underexplored. We here used the mutant ‘nts’ as material for transcriptome sequencing analysis. This mutant was obtained through 60Co-γ irradiation from the common bean variety… More >

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    The Effect of Organ Temperature on Total Yield of Transplanted and Direct-Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

    Ziwei Li1,2, Lifen Huang1,2, Zhongyang Huo1,2, Min Jiang1,2,*
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.11, pp. 2999-3019, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.030627 - 24 October 2023
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: New Approaches to Mitigate Abiotic and Biotic Stresses for Improving Crop Productivity and Quality)
    Abstract The canopy temperature of rice is an important index that directly reflects the growth and physiological state of rice, and affects the yield of rice plants to a great extent. The correlation between the temperatures of different rice organs and canopy in different growth stages and the grain yield is complex. The stability and universality of these correlations must be verified. We conducted a pot experiment using two rice varieties and two temperature treatments (high temperature treatment was carried out at the beginning of heading stage for 10 days). We measured rice organ temperature during… More >

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    Characterization of Endophytic Microorganisms of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Potentials for Blast Disease Biocontrol and Plant Growth Promoting Agents

    Shugufta Parveen1, Fayaz A. Mohiddin2,*, M. Ashraf Bhat3, Zahoor Ahmed Baba4, Fehim Jeelani5, M. Anwar Bhat6, Sajad Un Nabi7, Burhan Hamid2, Saba Bandey8, Farhanaz Rasool9, Zakir Amin1, Ibrahim Al-Ashkar10,*, Muhammad Adnan11, Ayman El Sabagh12
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.11, pp. 3021-3041, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.030921 - 24 October 2023
    Abstract One hundred twenty-five endophytic microorganisms were isolated from the roots, stems, and leaves of four prominent rice cultivars growing in temperate regions. Their potential to combat rice blast disease and promote plant growth was investigated. The dual culture tests highlighted the strong antagonistic activity of five fungal (ranging from 89%–70%) and five bacterial (72%–61%) endophytes. Subsequent examination focused on volatile compounds produced by selected isolates to counter the blast pathogen. Among these, the highest chitinase (13.76 µg mL−1) and siderophore (56.64%), was exhibited by Aspergillus flavus, and the highest HCN production was shown by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (36.15 µM… More >

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    Ectopic Overexpression of EuCHIT30.7 Improves Nicotiana tabacum Resistance to Powdery Mildew

    Lanjun Li1, Degang Zhao1,2,*
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.11, pp. 3043-3061, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.031175 - 24 October 2023
    Abstract Various strains of powdery mildew (PM), a notorious plant fungal disease, are prevalent and pose a significant threat to plant health. To control PM, transgenic technology can be used to cultivate more resistant plant varieties. In the present study, we utilized the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique to clone the full-length cDNA sequence of the EuCHIT30.7 gene to explore plant genes with disease resistance functions. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that this gene belongs to the GH18 family and is classified as a class III chitinase. The EuCHIT30.7 gene is expressed throughout the Eucommia ulmoides plant, with… More >

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    Overexpression of β-1,4-Glucanase Gene EuEG1 Improves Micrografting of Eucommia ulmoides

    Lei Wang1, Runying Wang1, Yi Li3, Yichen Zhao1,*, Degang Zhao1,2,*
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.11, pp. 3063-3075, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.043803 - 24 October 2023
    Abstract Adventitious root formation poses a major constraint on the tissue culture and genetic transformation of Eucommia ulmoides. Micrografting offers a new method for the transplantation of genetic transformation, and its success depends on the formation of graft unions. This study used transgenic rootless test-tube seedlings as scions and seedlings from seed as rootstocks during micrografting to avoid the rooting issues that occur during tissue culture and to investigate the role of the EuEG1 gene in the graft healing process. We found that the EuEG1 gene is a vital regulator of graft, and its overexpression contributes to the… More >

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    Transcriptomic Responses of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) to Heat and Drought Stresses

    Seung Hee Eom, Tae Kyung Hyun*
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.11, pp. 3077-3090, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.044032 - 24 October 2023
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Abiotic and Biotic Stress Tolerance in Crop)
    Abstract Heat and drought are prominent abiotic stressors that limit crop productivity and yield, particularly concerning climate change; therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying plant stress responses is crucial for stress-tolerant crop production. This study conducted a transcriptomic analysis to elucidate how garlic (Allium sativum L.) responds to drought and heat stress conditions. Transcriptome libraries were generated to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by drought and heat stresses. Functional classification and clustering analysis of DEGs revealed stress-specific gene expression patterns. Notably, cell wall-related genes were implicated in the drought response, whereas heat stress was associated with More >

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    Functional Studies of Castor (Ricinus communis L.) PLC Family Genes in Arabidopsis Inflorescence Development

    Yanpeng Wen1,#, Rui Luo1,#, Lili Li1, Xiaotian Liang1, Xuemei Hu1, Ruxin Li1, Zhiyan Wang1, Fenglan Huang1,2,3,4,5,*
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.11, pp. 3091-3112, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.030960 - 24 October 2023
    Abstract Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is one of the top 10 oil crops in the world, and inflorescence is a trait that directly affects its yield. Phospholipase C (PLCs) is involved in many plant activities and metabolic processes. To study the functions of PLC family genes in the regulation of the inflorescence development of the female line of Lm-type castor aLmAB2, we determined the expression levels of six PLC family genes of three types of inflorescences of aLmAB2 (isofemale line, female line, bisexual line) at different developmental stages. The results showed that the 6 genes of the castor PLCMore >

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    Seed Priming and Foliar Supplementation with β-aminobutyric Acid Alleviates Drought Stress through Mitigation of Oxidative Stress and Enhancement of Antioxidant Defense in Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)

    Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir1,2, Muhammad Ateeq1,3, Allah Wasaya1,2,*, Mubshar Hussain2, Naeem Sarwar2, Khuram Mubeen4, Mudassir Aziz4, Muhammad Aamir Iqbal5, Chukwuma C. Ogbaga6, Ibrahim Al-Ashkar7, Md Atikur Rahman8, Ayman El Sabagh9,10,*
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.11, pp. 3113-3131, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.029502 - 24 October 2023
    Abstract Drought is one of the critical limitations to agricultural soils and crop plants. Scarcity of water is increasing due to climate change that lead to increasing threats to global food security. Therefore, ecofriendly and cost effective strategies are highly desirable for mitigating drought stress along with sustainable and smart agricultural production. The aim of the study was to mitigate DS using seed priming and exogenous supplementation of β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.). Different doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 µM) of BABA were used for seed priming agent and foliar spraying under three… More >

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    Osmotic Regulation, Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Tree Peony ( Andr.) in Response to High-Temperature Stress

    Zhipeng Sheng, Jiasong Meng, Jun Tao*, Daqiu Zhao*
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.11, pp. 3133-3147, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.028818 - 24 October 2023
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Abiotic and Biotic Stress Tolerance in Crop)
    Abstract

    Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) is a traditional Chinese flower, which prefers cool weather. However, high temperature in summer in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River restricts its growth and development. In this study, osmotic regulation, antioxidant enzyme activities, and photosynthetic characteristics of tree peony in response to high-temperature stress were investigated. The results showed that high-temperature stress had destroyed the cell membrane, manifested as the increased relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content. Moreover, high-temperature stress led to excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species, thereby, activating antioxidant enzyme activities. Also, photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll

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    ARTICLE

    Comparative Analysis of the Transcriptome and Metabolome in Leaves of Diploid and Tetraploid Fagopyrum tataricum

    Xiaodong Shi1,*, Yue Qi1, Liangzhu Lin1, Jia Wang1, Xiaobo Qin2, Bei Niu3,*
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.11, pp. 3149-3162, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.027324 - 24 October 2023
    Abstract Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is a dual-purpose medicinal and food crop grown for its high contents of functional compounds and abundant nutrients. Although studies have shown the differences of total flavonoid content in Tartary buckwheat at different ploidy levels, the composition of flavonoid and its regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, the leaf metabolome and transcriptome of diploid and tetraploid accessions of Tartary buckwheat were analyzed to gain insight into the impact of polyploidization on comparative secondary metabolite composition and molecular regulatory mechanism. Based on a widely targeted metabolomics analysis, a total of 792… More >

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    ARTICLE

    Genotypic Diversity Affects Age Structure of Tiller and Rhizome of Leymus chinensis Population, But Not Age Structure of Bud

    Chan Zhou1,*, Nini Xie1, Wenjun Rong1, Zhuo Zhang2, Linyou Lv3, Zhengwen Wang4
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.11, pp. 3163-3176, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.030245 - 24 October 2023
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Symbiotic Associations for Nutrients Management and Complexes Formation for Better Agricultural Crops Productivity under Biotic and Abiotic Stresses)
    Abstract The effect of genotypic diversity on the age structure and bud bank of the Leymus chinensis population has not yet been demonstrated. This experiment was designed to study the age structure of the tiller, rhizome, and bud of L. chinensis at genotypic diversity levels of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12. A total of 64 communities were established in this experiment, following the principle of randomized block experimental design. The results indicated that genotypic diversity had a significant or obviously significant effect on the cumulative length of rhizomes of 2a and 4a, dry matter accumulation of rhizomes… More >

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    ARTICLE

    Effect of Algae on Melon (Cucumis melo subsp. agrestis var. conomon) Growth and Development under Drought-Stress Conditions

    M. Zeki KARİPÇİN1, Behcet İNAL2,*
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.11, pp. 3177-3193, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.030979 - 24 October 2023
    Abstract Due to climate change, it is necessary to develop plant varieties that are resilient to climate conditions and resistant to abiotic and biotic stresses. The use of microalgae, which are microorganisms that contain carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and vitamins, against drought tolerance is a new approach. The aim of the current study was to determine the drought-related mechanisms in the conomon melon genotype and develop drought-tolerant melon cultivars. Morphological, physiological, pomological, and molecular analyses were carried out on the algae-treated genotypes. It has been determined that commercial algae application provides the best results in leaf temperature,… More >

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