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Ali Salehi Sardoei^1,*, Bahman Fazeli-Nasab²
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.6, pp. 1601-1630, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.064729 - 27 June 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Metabolic Mechanisms of Plant Responses to Stress)
Abstract The ability of plants to tolerate cold is a complex process. When temperatures drop or freeze, plant tissues can develop ice, which dehydrates the cells. However, plants can protect themselves by preventing ice formation. This intricate response to cold stress is regulated by hormones, photoperiod, light, and various factors, in addition to genetic influences. In autumn, plants undergo morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes to prepare for the low temperatures of winter. Understanding cellular stress responses is crucial for genetic manipulation aimed at enhancing cold resistance. Early autumn frosts or late spring chills can cause… More >

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Amine Assouguem^1,*, Saoussan Annemer^2,3, Mohammed Kara⁴, Abderrahim Lazraq⁵
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.6, pp. 1631-1668, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.065750 - 27 June 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Vegetable Resources, Sustainable Plant Protection and Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change)
Abstract Unlike primary metabolites, secondary metabolites serve critical ecological functions, including plant protection, stress tolerance, and symbiosis. This review focuses on extracting, separating, and identifying the major classes of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolics, glycosides, saponins, and coumarins. It describes optimized methods regarding plant selection, extraction by solvents, and purification of the metabolites, highlighting the latest advancements in chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The review also describes some of the most important problems, such as the instability of the compounds or diversity of the structures, and discusses emerging technologies that solve these issues. Moreover, it examines More >

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236

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Dao Yao^1,#, Junming Zhou^1,#, Yashuo Wang¹, Yuxin Li¹, Wenge Cheng², Xiaoyu Lu^2,*, Huijing Liu^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.6, pp. 1669-1694, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.064344 - 27 June 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Enhancing Grain Yield: From Molecular Mechanisms to Sustainable Agriculture)
Abstract Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat sequences (CRISPR) and their accompanying proteins (Cas), commonly presenting in bacteria and archaea, make up the CRISPR/Cas system. As one of the fundamental sources of nutrition for humans, edible crops play a crucial role in ensuring global food security. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing has been applied to improve many crop traits, such as increasing nitrogen utilization efficiency, creating male sterile germplasm, and regulating tiller and spikelet formation. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the use of CRISPR/Cas gene editing technology in crop genomes, covering the targeted genes, the types More >

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ARTICLE

Xinxin Liu^1,#, Yueyue Zhang^1,#, Rahat Sharif¹, Weiqin Mo², Zhenrong Li¹, Guiling Yang¹, Chao Song¹, Ting Ye^2,*, Changming Chen^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.6, pp. 1695-1709, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.063349 - 27 June 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Plant Genetic Diversity and Evolution)
Abstract The color difference of capsicum fruit is closely related to the type and content of pigment in the peel, which is mainly determined by anthocyanins, chlorophyll, and carotenoids. This study used green “CA59” and purple “Z81” pepper fruits as parents to create the F₂ generation. The fruit color of 466 F₂ population was identified, and the extreme individuals from this population were selected for Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA) using resequencing. Genetic analysis revealed that a pair of genes controls the expression of the purple fruit trait in capsicum. Using functional annotation, expression analysis, and sequencing analysis… More >

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Krisna Rani Sarker¹, Tahsina Sharmin Hoque^1,*, Nusrat Jahan Mim¹, Md. Anwarul Abedin¹, Md. Anamul Hoque¹, Ahmed Gaber², Mohammed M. Althaqafi³, Mohammad Anwar Hossain^4,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.6, pp. 1711-1733, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.062465 - 27 June 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Plant and Environments)
Abstract Improving crop productivity and soil fertility through the balanced application of inorganic and organic nutrient sources is a sustainable approach in modern agriculture. Char land soils, widely distributed in riverine Bangladesh, are generally low in organic matter status and deficient in necessary nutrient elements for crop production. Addressing this challenge, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of various organic nutrient sources with inorganic fertilizers on crop yields, nutrient uptake, and soil fertility in farm (L₁) and char land (L₂) of Brahmaputra River in Mymensingh, Bangladesh from 2022 (Y₁) to 2023 (Y₂). For each location,… More >

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196

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Yuhe Wang^1,2, Haijun Sun³, Yaqiong Hao^2,4, Xiancan Zhu¹, Ju Min^2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.6, pp. 1735-1750, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.063868 - 27 June 2025
Abstract Over the past three decades, the expansion of intensive vegetable farming in southern China has led to excessive nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer application, causing substantial N and P runoff losses. This study investigated four major vegetable production regions in southern China—the upper reaches of the Yangtze River (U-YR), the middle lower reaches of the Yangtze River (ML-YR), the Southeast Coast (SC), and the Pearl River basin (PR)—analyzing 175 published articles to characterize spatiotemporal patterns of N and P fertilizer applications and associated runoff losses from 1992 to 2021. The result showed that the… More >

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150

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Zhipeng Sheng, Zhaoyu Hou, Jun Tao, Daqiu Zhao^*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.6, pp. 1751-1767, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.065874 - 27 June 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Plant Responses to Abiotic Stress Mechanisms)
Abstract Summer high temperatures have severely impaired the growth of herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) in East China. While compound fertilizer application enhances soil fertility and promotes plant growth, its efficacy in maintaining optimal plant performance under summer heat stress remains poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of compound fertilizer application on herbaceous peony growth during summer thermal stress. Results demonstrated that compound fertilizer supplementation significantly improved plant growth under elevated temperatures, manifesting enhanced phenotypic characteristics, elevated antioxidant enzyme activities, and increased nutrient accumulation. Compared to untreated controls, fertilized plants exhibited three key responses: (1) increased More >

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163

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Jovan Peškanov^1,*, Sandro Bogdanović², Aleksa Vlku¹, Goran Anačkov¹, Boris Radak¹
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.6, pp. 1769-1786, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.065536 - 27 June 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Taxonomy, Phytogeography and Ecology of Mediterranean Flora)
Abstract Since its description, the taxon Ophrys sphegodes subsp. grammica has been considered endemic to Greece. The morphological and chorological data of this taxon have been overlooked because the name has been used as a synonym for O. sphegodes subsp. taurica in most publications and online databases. Recently discovered Ophrys populations in Serbia were identified as O. sphegodes subsp. grammica. As these populations represent the northernmost point of distribution of this taxon, we provided data on the morphology, flowering season, and ecology. To determine the taxonomic status of this taxon, we performed comparative morphological analyses, comparing them to other populations of… More >

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Lucas Leal Lima¹, Angélica Souza Gouveia¹, Analice Martins Duarte¹, Filipe Schitini Salgado², Nathália Silva Oliveira¹, Monique da Silva Bonjour¹, Iana Pedro da Silva Quadros¹, Maria Goreti Almeida Oliveira¹, Flavia Maria Silva Carmo², Elizabeth Pacheco Batista Fontes¹, Humberto Josué de Oliveira Ramos^1,3,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.6, pp. 1787-1810, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.064068 - 27 June 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Plant and Environments)
Abstract Sound contains mechanical signals that can promote physiological and biochemical changes in plants. Insects produce different sounds in the environment, which may be relevant to plant behavior. Thus, we evaluated whether signaling cascades are regulated differently by ecological sounds and whether they trigger molecular responses following those produced by herbivorous insects. Soybean plants were treated with two different sounds: chewing herbivore and forest ambient. The responses were markedly distinct, indicating that sound signals may also trigger specific cascades. Enzymes involved in oxidative metabolism were responsive to both sounds, while salicylic acid (SA) was responsive only… More >

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65

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Shiyang Li^1,#, Jia Song^1,#, Bingxuan Fan¹, Yunshu Tang², Yamin Xing¹, Yuqi Gao¹, Nianwei Qiu^1,*, Hongxia Zhang^1,3,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.6, pp. 1811-1826, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.065751 - 27 June 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Plant Responses to Stress Factors)
Abstract Strontium has similar chemical properties to calcium and has recently been recognized as a non-essential beneficial element for plants. In order to compare the effects of strontium and calcium on improving salt tolerance of Chinese cabbage during the germination stage, 2, 4, and 8 mmol/L of SrCl₂, CaCl₂ or an equimolar mixture of both were added separately to a 150 mmol/L NaCl solution. The results showed that Ca-Sr addition significantly increased seed viability, seed vigor, seed germination rate and seed germination uniformity of Chinese cabbage compared with the salt-control group. The differences in germination percentage (GP)… More >

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96

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ARTICLE

Zeki Kara^1,#, Dilek Koç^1,#, Osman Doğan¹, Turhan Yilmaz^2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.6, pp. 1827-1840, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.065702 - 27 June 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Integrative Approaches to Mitigating Abiotic and Biotic Stresses in Fruit and Vine Crops: Emerging Technologies and Sustainable Solutions)
Abstract The reproduction of grapevine genotypes, one of the most important species in the world, while preserving their genetic characteristics, is practically done by rooting cuttings. Adventive rooting of cutting studies for seedling production in nursery conditions often remain below the expected productivity level due to biotic and abiotic stress-related reasons. Studies to increase nursery yields are still on the agenda of grapevine researchers. In this study, the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced by the green synthesis method using grape seed extract and AgNO₃ on rooting and vegetative growth of the standard (TS 4027) cuttings taken… More >

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123

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ARTICLE

Zichen Li^1,#, Jukui Ma^2,#, Minjun Liu³, Guowei Geng^1,*, Hongxia Zhang^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.6, pp. 1841-1856, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.066148 - 27 June 2025
Abstract Sweet potatoes are significant cash crops, however, their yield and quality are greatly compromised by viral diseases. In this study, the complete genomic sequences of two Sweet Potato Virus 2 (SPV2) isolates from infected sweet potato leaves in the Shandong (designated as SPV2-SDYT, GenBank No. PQ855660.1) and Jiangsu (designated as SPV2-JSXZ, GenBank No. PQ855661.1) provinces in China were obtained using 5^′ RACE and RT-PCR amplification. Consistency, phylogeny, codon usage bias, recombination, and selection pressure analyses were conducted using the SPV2-SDYT and SPV2-JSXZ genome sequences. The complete genome sequences of SPV2-SDYT and SPV2-JSXZ were 10561 nucleotides (nt)… More >

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111

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Nouha Haoudi^1,2, Lahcen Hssaini¹, Jamila Bahhou², Abderrahim Bentaibi¹, Hicham Aboumadane^1,2, Rachid Razouk^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.6, pp. 1857-1877, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.065116 - 27 June 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Vegetable Resources, Sustainable Plant Protection and Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change)
Abstract This study was carried out to assess plasticity to drought of 30 adult fig cultivars, based on a screening of leaf structural and functional traits under sustained deficit irrigation, corresponding to 60% of crop evapotranspiration. All trees, three per cultivar, are planted in an ex-situ collection in Sais plain, northern Morocco. The measurements concerned leaf area, blade thickness, trichomes density, trichome hair length, stomatal density, stomatal dimensions, stomatal area index, chlorophyll concentration index, relative water content, stomatal conductance, leaf temperature, water loss in detached leaves, cuticular wax content, proline content, total phenolic compounds, and total soluble… More >

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58

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ARTICLE

Gülay Zulkadir^*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.6, pp. 1879-1896, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.064144 - 27 June 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Plant Responses to Stress Factors)
Abstract Soil salinization is a prominent global environmental issue that considerably affects the sustainable development of agriculture worldwide. Maize, a key crop integral to the global agricultural economy, is especially susceptible to the detrimental impacts of salt stress, which can impede its growth and development from the germination phase through to the seedling stage. Soil salinity tends to escalate due to improper irrigation methods, particularly in arid and semi-arid environments. Consequently, it is essential to evaluate potential genotypes and select those with high salt tolerance. In this study, 39 popcorn kernel genotypes were examined under varying… More >

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137

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Shamim Ara Bagum¹, Mahbub Ul Islam², M Shalim Uddin^2,*, Sripati Sikder³, Ahmed Gaber⁴, Akbar Hossain^5,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.6, pp. 1897-1919, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.065607 - 27 June 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Integrated Nutrient Management in Cereal Crops)
Abstract The yield of maize (Zea mays L.) is highly influenced by nitrogen fertilization. This study investigated the impact of nitrogen fertilization on morphophysiological traits in maize (Zea mays L.) and developed algorithms to relate manual phenotyping and digital phenotyping of maize with leaf nitrogen and digital field image traits. The experiment included three hybrid maize varieties, V1 (Hybrid 981), V2 (BARI Hybrid maize-9), and V3 (Hybrid P3396), which were evaluated across three nitrogen levels (N1 = 100 kg N ha⁻¹, N2 = 200 kg N ha⁻¹, N3 = 300 kg N ha⁻¹) in a split-plot design with three replications.… More >

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915

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103

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Meida Chen¹, Tongfei Niu¹, Kai Gao², Zhanxiang Tan¹, Yuxin Zhao¹, Xiaogai Hou^1,*, Lili Guo^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.6, pp. 1921-1940, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.065738 - 27 June 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Aromatic Plants: Application, Research and Breeding)
Abstract Floral scent serves as a key criterion for evaluating the ornamental value of flowering plants. Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.), a traditional Chinese ornamental species, is valued for its vibrant coloration, intricate floral morphology, and positive cultural symbolism. In this study, dynamic headspace adsorption coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to analyze volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in flowers of 120 herbaceous peony cultivars at the half-opening stage. We detected 86 VOCs, comprising 25 aromatic compounds (79.70%), 21 hydrocarbons (10.51%), 29 terpenoids (8.37%), 7 fatty acid derivatives (1.03%), and 4 heterocyclic compounds (0.38%). The cultivar ‘Dr.… More >

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