Open Access

REVIEW

Mahmoud F. Seleiman^1,2,#,*, Muhammad Talha Aslam^3,#, Bushra Ahmed Alhammad⁴, Muhammad Umair Hassan⁵, Rizwan Maqbool³, Muhammad Umer Chattha³, Imran Khan³, Harun Ireri Gitari⁶, Omer S. Uslu⁷, Rana Roy⁸, Martin Leonardo Battaglia⁹
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.4, pp. 667-694, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.017365
Abstract Salinity stress is a major threat to global food production and its intensity is continuously increasing because of anthropogenic activities. Wheat is a staple food and a source of carbohydrates and calories for the majority of people across the globe. However, wheat productivity is adversely affected by salt stress, which is associated with a reduction in germination, growth, altered reproductive behavior and enzymatic activity, disrupted photosynthesis, hormonal imbalance, oxidative stress, and yield reductions. Thus, a better understanding of wheat (plant) behavior to salinity stress has essential implications to devise counter and alleviation measures to cope with salt stress. Different approaches… More >

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REVIEW

Mohammad Saidur Rhaman^1,*, Tahjib-Ul-Arif², Mohammad Golam Kibria³, Anamul Hoque³
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.4, pp. 695-711, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.018898
Abstract Socioeconomic development, adaptive capacity of the population, and demographic conditions across the states of South Asia make it more vulnerable to climate change. South Asia is daily going to be more vulnerable to climate change and climatic variability. This region is facing multiple challenges in terms of climate change, dilapidation of ecosystems, and food insecurity. Climate is the primary determining factor for agricultural output, which unswervingly influences food production across the globe. South Asia is mainly an agricultural foundation based region and thus the economy of these regions directly depends on agriculture and agricultural production. Due to the extensive dependence… More >

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ARTICLE

Mukhtar Ahmed^1,*, Ahmed M. S. Kheir^2,3, Muhammad Zeeshan Mehmood¹, Shakeel Ahmad⁴, Mirza Hasanuzzaman^5,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.4, pp. 713-726, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.018552
Abstract Drought is considered one of the leading abiotic constraints to agricultural crop production globally. Present study was conducted to assess the effects of different drought treatments (viz. Control, 10% PEG, and 20% PEG) on seed germination, germination indices, seedling traits, and drought tolerance indices of sesame. Our results showed that maximum reduction in the studied parameters was observed at higher PEG concentration (i.e., 20% PEG). As compared to control, the drought treatments viz. 10% and 20% PEG decreased the values for germination indices, such as germination percentage, coefficient of variation of germination time, germination index, and seedling vigor index. Similarly,… More >

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ARTICLE

Wuzhong Yin^#, Hongxia Yang^#, Yantong Wang, Ping Feng, Yao Deng, Yang Liu, Danyang Chen, Yijie Ban, Weichi Liu, Guanghua He^*, Nan Wang^*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.4, pp. 727-744, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.017811
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: High-Yield Rice Physiology & Genetics)
Abstract The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is important in stress signal transduction and plant development. In the present study, we identified a rice (Oryza sativa L.) mutant with reduced fertility, Oryza sativa mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (osmapk6), which harbored a mutated MAPK gene. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy, quantitative RT-PCR analysis, TUNEL assays, RNA in situ hybridization, longitudinal and transverse histological sectioning, and map-based cloning were performed to characterize the osmapk6 mutant. The gene OsMAPK6 was expressed throughout the plant but predominantly in the microspore mother cells, tapetal cells, and microspores in the anther sac. Compared with the wild type,… More >

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ARTICLE

Xiwen Shao¹, Dongsheng Gai¹, Dapeng Gao¹, Yanqiu Geng^1,*, Liying Guo^1,2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.4, pp. 745-759, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.018933
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: High-Yield Rice Physiology & Genetics)
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate carbohydrate metabolism in rice seedlings subjected to salt-alkaline stress. Two relatively salt-alkaline tolerant (Changbai 9) and sensitive (Jinongda 138) rice cultivars, grown hydroponically, were subjected to salt-alkaline stress via 50 mM of salt-alkaline solution. The carbohydrate content and the activities of metabolism-related enzymes in the leaves and roots were investigated. The results showed that the contents of sucrose, fructose, and glucose in the leaves and roots increased under salt-alkaline stress. Starch content increased in the leaves but decreased in the roots under salt-alkaline stress. The activities of sucrose-phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase, amylase,… More >

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ARTICLE

Yizhao Huang¹, Nannan Li², Deya Wang⁴, Jian Du¹, Weitang Liu³, Jinxin Wang^3,*, Wei Li^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.4, pp. 761-772, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.018462
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Ecophysiology: Recent Trends and Advancements)
Abstract Beckmannia syzigachne is a noxious weed for rice-wheat rotations in China. The B. syzigachne (AH-02) population evolved metabolic resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and mesosulfuron-methyl. To investigate the function of GT73C1 in this population, the GT73C1 gene was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and the sequence was 100% consistent with the transcriptome data. Its phylogenetic tree was displayed and annotated using FigTree v1.4.4. The plant overexpression vector of GT73C1 gene was constructed and used to transform Brachypodium distachyon plants. Furthermore, the expression of GT73C1 was significantly induced by fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and mesosulfuron-methyl, which was consistent with the findings from the whole plant… More >

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1345

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930

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ARTICLE

Huaqiao Ding^*, Lihui Mao, Qingcheng Zou, Wei Hu, Xuerui Cao, Qing Dong^*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.4, pp. 773-789, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.018075
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Ecophysiology: Recent Trends and Advancements)
Abstract Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) is one of the most widely cultivated grass flowers in the world. WRKY transcription factors, VQ proteins and their interactions play crucial roles in plant response to abiotic stresses. However, little is known about WRKY and VQ gene families in snapdragon. In the present study, WRKY and VQ genes and their interactions were comprehensively analyzed in snapdragon using bioinformatics approaches, and their expression in response to drought and cold stresses was examined using real-time PCR. A total of 67 AmWRKY genes were identified in snapdragon, which were classified into different groups or subgroups based on phylogenetic analysis.… More >

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ARTICLE

Fen Zhang¹, Weili Tian¹, Lu Cen¹, Litang Lv², Xiaofang Zeng¹, Yulu Chen¹, Yichen Zhao^2,*, Yan Li^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.4, pp. 791-809, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.018104
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Ecophysiology: Recent Trends and Advancements)
Abstract Duyun Maojian tea is a famous tea in China. In this study, the specific-locus amplified fragment (SLAF) sequencing method was used to analyze the population structure and conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 2 leaf traits of 123 tea plants in Qiannan, China. A total of 462,019 SLAF tags and 11,362,041 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci were obtained. The results of phylogenetic tree analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis showed that 123 tea germplasms were clustered into three groups, and the heterozygosity rates for Groups I, II, and II were 0.206, 0.224, and 0.34, respectively. Generally, tea germplasms in… More >

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925

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ARTICLE

Cunyang Niu, Wenkai Shou, Li Ma, Jianqiang Qian^*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.4, pp. 811-825, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.019386
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Ecophysiology: Recent Trends and Advancements)
Abstract Urban trees are sensitive to extreme weather events under climate change. Freeze-thaw induced hydraulic failure could induce urban tree dieback and nullify the services they provide. Plant height is a simple but significant trait for plant ecological strategies. Understanding how urban trees with different heights adapt to freeze-thaw stress is increasingly important under climate change. We investigated the relationship between tree height and stem hydraulic functional traits of six common urban tree species in North China to explore tree height-related hydraulic strategies to cope with freeze-thaw stress. Results showed that tall trees had wider vessels, higher hydraulic conductivity, more winter… More >

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ARTICLE

José Carmen Soto-Correa¹, Abraham Saldaña-Vega¹, Víctor Hugo Cambrón-Sandoval¹, Laura Concostrina-Zubiri², Mariela Gómez-Romero^3,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.4, pp. 827-840, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.017929
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: The Effect of Soil Quality Degradation on the Plant Growth, Quality and Food Safety in Subtropical Agroforestry Ecosystems)
Abstract Lichens are symbiotic organisms that comprise a fungus and a photosynthetic partner wich are recognized as a good indicator of climate change. However, our understanding of how aridity affects the diversity of saxicolous lichens in drylands is still limited. To evaluate the relationship between saxicolous lichen diversity and aridity in a central México dryland, a geographical transect was established of 100 km to build an aridity gradient in the semiarid zone of the State of Querétaro, Mexico, comprising ten sampling sites with a 10 km separation. Species richness, abundance and diversity of soil lichen species were recorded using two sampling methods: the… More >

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ARTICLE

Jiayi Zhang¹, Guohua Fu², Zhiyang Jin³, Lihang Chi¹, Guocheng Xu¹, Daran Yue^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.4, pp. 841-857, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.017938
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: The Effect of Soil Quality Degradation on the Plant Growth, Quality and Food Safety in Subtropical Agroforestry Ecosystems)
Abstract Organic mulch can improve the moisture, chemical composition, dust, and dust suppression of soil, and beautify the environment. In view of the rapid evaporation rate and serious loss of soil water in tropical areas, this paper explored the effect of organic mulch materials with different thickness on the increase of soil water retention rate and the improvement of soil water loss caused by evaporation. Rubberwood sawdust (RWS), rubberwood bark (RWB), coconut fiber (CF), and Mulch (MC) were selected as the mulching materials. Field experiment and laboratory experiment were performed, and soil-moisture content and temperature were continuously monitored. However, from the… More >

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875

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ARTICLE

Zhenghua Yi¹, Paramsothy Jeyakumar², Jiang Jiang¹, Xiaomian Zhang³, Chunlei Yue³, Haijun Sun^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.4, pp. 859-868, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.018396
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Comprehensive Effects of Biochar or other Additives after Applied to Agricultural and Forest Soils)
Abstract We conducted a pot experiment to examine the feasibility of applying a reaction-finished solution of hydrochar (HRFS) to enhance rice production in a saline soil. With this purpose, HRFS was applied (0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mL/pot) and rice yield and nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) were determined. HRFS application significantly (P < 0.05) increased rice grain yield by 19.6%–30.0% compared to the control treatment (CKU, with N but without HRFS addition). Moreover, HRFS application promoted plant height and straw biomass of rice. Increases of rice yield were mainly achieved by increases in the number of panicles and grains… More >

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ARTICLE

Yajun Li^1,#, Yumeng Cui^1,#, Bingjie Wang¹, Yue Li¹, Mengmeng Zhang², Silan Dai¹, He Huang^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.4, pp. 869-888, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.018659
Abstract Genetic transformation is one of the key steps in the molecular breeding of chrysanthemum, which relies on an optimal regeneration and transformation system. However, the regeneration system of different chrysanthemum cultivars varies, and the regeneration time of most cultivars is long. To screen cultivars with highly efficient regeneration, leaves and shoot tip thin cell layers (tTCL) from eight chrysanthemum cultivars with different flower colors and flower types were cultured on Murashige and Skoog media (MS) supplemented with 1.0–5.0 mg L⁻¹ 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 0.1–1.0 mg L⁻¹ α-naphthaleneacetic (NAA). The results showed that the most efficient regeneration media were MS +… More >

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ARTICLE

Mohamed Fathy Ahmed¹, Eman Zakaria Ahmed², Salman Aloufi³, Mohammed Alqurashi³, Amal Alyamani³, Eman Fayad³, Eman Tawfik Hussien^2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.4, pp. 889-902, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.018600
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Tree Somatic Embryogenesis and Application)
Abstract Populus alba is a large woody deciduous plant. The plant has been introduced to shooting, then multiplication of rooting on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. This work was designed to estimate the effect of two factors (low levels of 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid NAA and sucrose) on P. alba response resulting in 6 treatments compared to the control, with twelve measured responses. There was a significant difference in some measurements in morphology, like plantlets fresh-weight, shoot-, root-length, and leaf number. In the physiological measurements, there were significant differences in all the measured parameters. The low concentrations of sucrose and media composition/power (MS… More >

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ERRATUM

Hans Christian Correa-Aguado^1,3, Gloria Viviana Cerrillo-Rojas¹, Alejandro Rocha-Uribe², Ruth Elena Soria-Guerra², José Francisco Morales-Domínguez^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.4, pp. 903-903, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020625
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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