Open Access
REVIEW
Rakesh Kumar Sinha1,*, Shiv Shankar Verma2, Anshu Rastogi3,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 167-182, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09359
Abstract Members of the Pathogenesis Related (PR) 10 protein family have been
identified in a variety of plant species and a wide range of functions ranging from
defense to growth and development has been attributed to them. PR10 protein
possesses ribonuclease (RNase) activity, interacts with phytohormones, involved
in hormone-mediated signalling, afforded protection against various phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria, and viruses particularly in response to biotic and abiotic
stresses. The resistance mechanism of PR10 protein may include activation of
defense signalling pathways through possible interacting proteins involved in
mediating responses to pathogens, degradation of RNA of the invading pathogens. Moreover, several morphological changes… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Riaz Ahmad1, Muhammad Akbar Anjum1,*, Rashad Mukhtar Balal2
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 183-204, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08537
Abstract Molecular markers, genome sequencing and genome editing are considered as efficient tools to accomplish demands of plant breeders for crop improvement programs. Morphological and biochemical markers have not been
extensively used as these are greatly influenced by environmental factors. Different molecular markers and sequencing techniques are routinely used in evaluation
of genetic diversity and evolutionary relationship, accurate classification or taxonomy, characterization of germplasm, identification of hybrids and phylogenetic
studies. Desired and undesired traits controlled by genes can be identified through
different molecular markers technology all over the globe. These molecular markers are well established and have successfully been used for… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Adnan Shakeel*, Abrar Ahmad Khan, Mohammad Haris
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 205-215, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08922
Abstract Root-knot nematodes being omnipresent in agricultural and horticultural soils are tallied among the most important economic pathogens around the
world. For successful parasitism, these nematodes use various strategies to control
and manipulate the host plant’s cell machinery. These strategies include the molecular mimicry of some host genes by some nematode secreted effector proteins,
secretion of cell wall digesting enzymes and other effector proteins that are
responsible for the suppression of defence by the host plant. All these secretions
which are released through the stylet, contribute to the formation of specialized
feeding sites or giant cells. The effector proteins interfere with… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Subhan Danish1,2, Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 217-227, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08523
Abstract Most of the cereal crops are widely cultivated to fulfil the humans
food requirements. Under changing climate scenario, the intensity of drought
stress is continuously increasing that is adversely affecting the growth and yield
of cereal crops. Although the cereals can tolerate moderate drought to some
extent, but mostly they are susceptible to severe drought stress. Higher
biosynthesis of ethylene under drought stress has been reported. Many scientists
observed that inoculation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC)
deaminase producing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an
efficacious tool to overcome this problem. These PGPR secrete ACC deaminase
which cleavage the ACC into the… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Lantian Zhang, Siyi Wang, Yuyu Chen, Mengyuan Dong, Yunxia Fang, Xian Zhang, Tao Tong, Ziling Zhang, Junjun Zheng, Dawei Xue*, Xiaoqin Zhang*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 229-251, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.10022
Abstract The F-box protein-encoding gene family plays an essential role in plant
stress resistance. In present study, 126 non-redundant F-box genes were identified
in barley (Hordeum vulgare L., Hv). The corresponding proteins contained 165–
887 amino acid residues and all were amphiphilic, except 5 proteins. Phylogenetic
analysis of F-box protein sequences in barley and stress-related F-box protein
sequences in wheat and Arabidopsis thaliana (At) was used to classify barley
F-box genes are divided into 9 subfamilies (A–I). A structure-based sequence
alignment demonstrated that F-box proteins were highly conserved with a total
of 10 conserved motifs. In total, 124 F-box genes were… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Jingsen Liu1,2, Jinqi Ma1,2, Ai Lin1,2, Chao Zhang1,2, Bo Yang1,2, Liyuan Zhang1,2, Lin Huang1,2, Jiana Li1,2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 253-273, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09334
Abstract Invertase (INV), a key enzyme in sucrose metabolism, irreversibly catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose, thus playing important
roles in plant growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. In this
study, we identified 27 members of the BnaINV family in Brassica napus. We
constructed a phylogenetic tree of the family and predicted the gene structures,
conserved motifs, cis-acting elements in promoters, physicochemical properties
of encoded proteins, and chromosomal distribution of the BnaINVs. We also analyzed the expression of the BnaINVs in different tissues and developmental stages
in the B. napus cultivar Zhongshuang 11 using qRT-PCR. In… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Tengyue Zou, Bing Wu, Wen Wu, Long Ge, Yong Xu*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 275-289, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09277
Abstract Light is the major source of energy for plants and as such has a profound effect on plant growth and development. Red and blue lights have been
considered to best drive photosynthetic metabolism and are beneficial for plant
growth and development, and green light was seen as a signal to slow down or
stop. In this study, Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) was used to investigate
the effects of red, blue and green lights on the growth and development of plants
from seed germination to seeding. Results demonstrated that red light showed a
promotion effect but blue light a prohibition one in… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Waseem Mushtaq1, M.B. Siddiqui1, Hesham F. Alharby2, Khalid Rehman Hakeem2,3,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 291-301, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08740
Abstract Plant trichomes vary in their structure and cellular composition. Glandular trichomes contain a bulk of specific (secondary) metabolites of diverse nature. Trichomes are connected with various adaptive processes, which include
protection against herbivores and pathogens as well. Our study investigates the
allelopathic contribution of structures present on the leaf surface of Nicotiana
plumbaginifolia Viv. against seedling growth of Cicer arietinum L. The infusion
obtained after dipping Nicotiana leaves in Dichloromethane (DCM) for 10 seconds (s) was the most phytotoxic among all the infusions. The observed inhibition
in Cicer growth was not only dependent on type of infusion but also the… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Fatih M. Tok1, Sibel Dervis2,*, Halit Yetisir3
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 303-314, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08801
Abstract Forty-four V. dahliae isolates were collected from symptomatic vascular tissues of okra plants each from a different field in eight provinces located in
the eastern Mediterranean and western Anatolia regions of Turkey during 2006-
2009. Nitrate-nonutilizing (nit) mutants of V. dahliae from okra were used to
determine heterokaryosis and genetic relatedness among isolates. All isolates
from okra plants were grouped into two vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs)
(1 and 2) and three subgroups as 1A (13.6%, 6/44), 2A (20.5%, 9/44) and 2B
(65.9%, 29/44) according to international criteria. Pathogenicity tests were performed on a susceptible local okra (A. esculentus) landrace in… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Ling Li1,*, Xuyu Yan1, Lei Mei2, Shuijin Zhu2
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 315-327, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09108
Abstract The risk of cotton production on arable land contaminated with heavy
metals has increased in recent years. Cotton shows stronger and more extensive
resistance to heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd) than that of other major crops.
Here, a potted plant experiment was performed to study Cd-induced alterations in
the cottonseed kernel gossypol content and pigment gland structure at maturity in
two transgenic cotton cultivars (ZD-90 and SGK3) and an upland cotton standard
genotype (TM-1). The results showed that Cd accumulation in cottonseed kernels
increased with increasing Cd levels in the soil. The seed kernel Cd content in
plants grown… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Gang Li1, Yao Zhou2, Yaqi Zhao2, Yaxue Liu2, Yuwei Ke2, Xiaoqing Jin1, Haoli Ma1,2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 329-344, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08874
Abstract Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is widely used for investigating
gene expression patterns and has many advantages, including its high sensitivity,
fidelity, and specificity. Selecting a satisfactory internal reference gene is crucial
for obtaining precise gene expression results in qRT-PCR analyses. In this study,
the transcriptomic data of 2 potato varieties were screened for housekeeping genes
with stable expression patterns. A total of 77 putative genes were selected, which
were highly and stably expressed. Then, qRT-PCR analyses were performed to
examine the expression levels of these 77 candidate reference genes in various
potato tissues, including leaves, flowers, stolons, and tubers. Gene… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
María Laura Molinelli*, Rocío Tarifa, Patricia Perissé
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 345-360, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08796
Abstract Echium plantagineum (Boraginaceae) is native of the Mediterranean
regions, has been introduced and become widespread within the American continent (North to South), South Africa, New Zealand and Australia. This plant has
seed dormancy, aggressively spreads to infest vast areas of predominantly agricultural land and is considered a toxic weed to livestock. The objectives of this
research were: (i) to study the morpho-anatomy of the diaspores of E. plantagineum; (ii) to identify the pathway of water uptake; and (iii) to characterize the germination and the seedling. The morpho-anatomical studies were carried out
analyzing semi-permanent slides of transverse and longitudinal sections of… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Gerardo Montelongo-Ruíz1, Yolanda del Rocio Moreno-Ramírez1, María Cruz Juárez-Aragón1, Nohemí Niño-García2, Reyna Ivonne Torres-Acosta2, Torres-Castillo Jorge Ariel1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 361-373, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08499
Abstract This work aims to determine the phytochemical characterization of the
pericarp of Chamaedorea radicalis Mart. fruit as a non-timber product with
potential to obtain phytochemicals with potential applications in the industry.
Fruit from C. radicalis were grouped in four ripening stages named as S1, S2,
S3 and S4, according to maturity; S1 the most unripe stage and S4 the completely
ripe stage. Determinations of total phenolic compounds, free radical scavenging
activities and total flavonoid contents using spectrophotometric methods were
done. Also, the tentative identification of phytochemicals during fruit ripening
was done using UPLC-MS-MS. Total phenolic compound (TPC) content ranged
from… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Yuhao Weng1, Liming Zhu2, Yan Ma3, Hao Su1, Lu Lu1, Pengkai Wang1, Jinhui Chen1, Asif Ali1, Renhua Zheng4,*, Jisen Shi1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 375-384, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08831
Abstract Cerasus Campanulata is one of several species belonging to the Prunoideae focke, a subfamily of the flowering plant Rosaceae. We investigated
the details of its chloroplast genome which may reveal its genus independent
of morphological determination. Here, we determined the complete chloroplast
(cp) genome sequence of C. campanulata and performed sequence analysis to
reveal the presence of 18 forward repeats, 20 palindrome repeats, 2 complement
repeats, 4 reverse repeats and 93 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). We additionally
performed a comparative study of C. campanulata and seven other Prunoideae
focke species. Then, maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML)
phylogenetic analyses… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Lu Zhu, Qiuyue Ma, Shushun Li, Jing Wen, Kunyuan Yan, Qianzhong Li*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 385-403, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09259
Abstract Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) technology has been extensively used to estimate gene expression levels, and the selection of appropriate reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis is critically important
for obtaining authentic normalized data. Acer palmatum is an important colorful
leaf ornamental tree species, and reference genes suitable for normalization of the
qRT-PCR data obtained from this species have not been investigated. In this
study, the expression stability of ten candidate reference genes, namely, Actin3,
Actin6, Actin9, EF1α, PP2A, SAMDC, TIP41, TUBα, TUBβ and UBQ10, in
two distinct tissues (leaves and roots) of A. palmatum under four different abiotic
stress… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye1,*, Misbah Batool Zahra1, Subhan Danish1, Mazhar Abbas2, Abdur Rehim1, Muhammad Naeem Akbar1, Ayesha Iftikhar1, Mehreen Gul1, Ifat Nazir1, Maria Abid1, Muhammad Tahzeeb-ul-Hassan1, Maria Murtaza3
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 405-413, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08918
Abstract Rhizosphere bacteria that colonize plant roots and confer beneficial
effects are referred as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Among all
PGPR, some rhizobacteria have an ability to produce ACC deaminase enzyme.
This enzyme catalyzes stress ACC into a-ketobutyrate and ammonia instead of
letting it to be converted to ethylene. Ethylene level rises in plants under stress
conditions i.e., drought, salinity, poor soil fertility etc. As poor soil fertility is a
big hurdle to achieve the optimum yield of crops, inoculation of ACC deaminase
PGPR can overcome this problem to some extent. The aim of the current study
was to examine… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Xiaohong Yin, Zui Tao, Jiana Chen, Fangbo Cao, Min Huang*, Yingbin Zou
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 415-422, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08962
Abstract It has been shown that adding biochar to soil can improve nitrogen (N)
uptake and utilization in rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, there is a lack of
research on the physiological alterations of rice as a result of the changes in nitrogen uptake due to the addition of biochar. This study conducted field experiments
in 2015 and 2016 with the goal of testing the hypothesis that the application of
biochar would enhance radiation use efficiency (RUE) of rice by improving the
plant’s ability to take in and utilize nitrogen. Our results demonstrated that the
application of biochar (20 t ha−1… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Yong Liang1, Yuexing Chen2, Dong Liu1, Jianping Cheng3, Gang Zhao1, Tzion Fahima4, Jun Yan1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 423-435, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09339
Abstract Mineral nutrient malnutrition, especially deficiency in selenium (Se),
affects the health of approximately 1 billion people worldwide. Wheat, a staple
food crop, plays an important role in producing Se-enriched foodstuffs to increase
the Se intake of humans. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different Se
application methods on grain yield and nutritional quality, grain Se absorption and
accumulation, as well as 14 other trace elements concentrations in wheat grains.
A sand culture experiment was conducted via a completely randomized 3 × 2 × 1
factorial scheme (three Se levels × two methods of Se application, foliar or soil… More >
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