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REVIEW

Rakesh Kumar Sinha^1,*, Shiv Shankar Verma², Anshu Rastogi^3,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 167-182, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09359
Abstract Members of the Pathogenesis Related (PR) 10 protein family have been identified in a variety of plant species and a wide range of functions ranging from defense to growth and development has been attributed to them. PR10 protein possesses ribonuclease (RNase) activity, interacts with phytohormones, involved in hormone-mediated signalling, afforded protection against various phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria, and viruses particularly in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. The resistance mechanism of PR10 protein may include activation of defense signalling pathways through possible interacting proteins involved in mediating responses to pathogens, degradation of RNA of the invading pathogens. Moreover, several morphological changes… More >

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REVIEW

Riaz Ahmad¹, Muhammad Akbar Anjum^1,*, Rashad Mukhtar Balal²
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 183-204, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08537
Abstract Molecular markers, genome sequencing and genome editing are considered as efficient tools to accomplish demands of plant breeders for crop improvement programs. Morphological and biochemical markers have not been extensively used as these are greatly influenced by environmental factors. Different molecular markers and sequencing techniques are routinely used in evaluation of genetic diversity and evolutionary relationship, accurate classification or taxonomy, characterization of germplasm, identification of hybrids and phylogenetic studies. Desired and undesired traits controlled by genes can be identified through different molecular markers technology all over the globe. These molecular markers are well established and have successfully been used for… More >

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REVIEW

Adnan Shakeel^*, Abrar Ahmad Khan, Mohammad Haris
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 205-215, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08922
Abstract Root-knot nematodes being omnipresent in agricultural and horticultural soils are tallied among the most important economic pathogens around the world. For successful parasitism, these nematodes use various strategies to control and manipulate the host plant’s cell machinery. These strategies include the molecular mimicry of some host genes by some nematode secreted effector proteins, secretion of cell wall digesting enzymes and other effector proteins that are responsible for the suppression of defence by the host plant. All these secretions which are released through the stylet, contribute to the formation of specialized feeding sites or giant cells. The effector proteins interfere with… More >

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REVIEW

Subhan Danish^1,2, Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 217-227, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08523
Abstract Most of the cereal crops are widely cultivated to fulfil the humans food requirements. Under changing climate scenario, the intensity of drought stress is continuously increasing that is adversely affecting the growth and yield of cereal crops. Although the cereals can tolerate moderate drought to some extent, but mostly they are susceptible to severe drought stress. Higher biosynthesis of ethylene under drought stress has been reported. Many scientists observed that inoculation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase producing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an efficacious tool to overcome this problem. These PGPR secrete ACC deaminase which cleavage the ACC into the… More >

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ARTICLE

Lantian Zhang, Siyi Wang, Yuyu Chen, Mengyuan Dong, Yunxia Fang, Xian Zhang, Tao Tong, Ziling Zhang, Junjun Zheng, Dawei Xue^*, Xiaoqin Zhang^*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 229-251, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.10022
Abstract The F-box protein-encoding gene family plays an essential role in plant stress resistance. In present study, 126 non-redundant F-box genes were identified in barley (Hordeum vulgare L., Hv). The corresponding proteins contained 165– 887 amino acid residues and all were amphiphilic, except 5 proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of F-box protein sequences in barley and stress-related F-box protein sequences in wheat and Arabidopsis thaliana (At) was used to classify barley F-box genes are divided into 9 subfamilies (A–I). A structure-based sequence alignment demonstrated that F-box proteins were highly conserved with a total of 10 conserved motifs. In total, 124 F-box genes were… More >

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ARTICLE

Jingsen Liu^1,2, Jinqi Ma^1,2, Ai Lin^1,2, Chao Zhang^1,2, Bo Yang^1,2, Liyuan Zhang^1,2, Lin Huang^1,2, Jiana Li^1,2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 253-273, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09334
Abstract Invertase (INV), a key enzyme in sucrose metabolism, irreversibly catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose, thus playing important roles in plant growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. In this study, we identified 27 members of the BnaINV family in Brassica napus. We constructed a phylogenetic tree of the family and predicted the gene structures, conserved motifs, cis-acting elements in promoters, physicochemical properties of encoded proteins, and chromosomal distribution of the BnaINVs. We also analyzed the expression of the BnaINVs in different tissues and developmental stages in the B. napus cultivar Zhongshuang 11 using qRT-PCR. In… More >

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ARTICLE

Tengyue Zou, Bing Wu, Wen Wu, Long Ge, Yong Xu^*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 275-289, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09277
Abstract Light is the major source of energy for plants and as such has a profound effect on plant growth and development. Red and blue lights have been considered to best drive photosynthetic metabolism and are beneficial for plant growth and development, and green light was seen as a signal to slow down or stop. In this study, Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) was used to investigate the effects of red, blue and green lights on the growth and development of plants from seed germination to seeding. Results demonstrated that red light showed a promotion effect but blue light a prohibition one in… More >

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ARTICLE

Waseem Mushtaq¹, M.B. Siddiqui¹, Hesham F. Alharby², Khalid Rehman Hakeem^2,3,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 291-301, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08740
Abstract Plant trichomes vary in their structure and cellular composition. Glandular trichomes contain a bulk of specific (secondary) metabolites of diverse nature. Trichomes are connected with various adaptive processes, which include protection against herbivores and pathogens as well. Our study investigates the allelopathic contribution of structures present on the leaf surface of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. against seedling growth of Cicer arietinum L. The infusion obtained after dipping Nicotiana leaves in Dichloromethane (DCM) for 10 seconds (s) was the most phytotoxic among all the infusions. The observed inhibition in Cicer growth was not only dependent on type of infusion but also the… More >

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ARTICLE

Fatih M. Tok¹, Sibel Dervis^2,*, Halit Yetisir³
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 303-314, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08801
Abstract Forty-four V. dahliae isolates were collected from symptomatic vascular tissues of okra plants each from a different field in eight provinces located in the eastern Mediterranean and western Anatolia regions of Turkey during 2006- 2009. Nitrate-nonutilizing (nit) mutants of V. dahliae from okra were used to determine heterokaryosis and genetic relatedness among isolates. All isolates from okra plants were grouped into two vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) (1 and 2) and three subgroups as 1A (13.6%, 6/44), 2A (20.5%, 9/44) and 2B (65.9%, 29/44) according to international criteria. Pathogenicity tests were performed on a susceptible local okra (A. esculentus) landrace in… More >

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ARTICLE

Ling Li^1,*, Xuyu Yan¹, Lei Mei², Shuijin Zhu²
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 315-327, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09108
Abstract The risk of cotton production on arable land contaminated with heavy metals has increased in recent years. Cotton shows stronger and more extensive resistance to heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd) than that of other major crops. Here, a potted plant experiment was performed to study Cd-induced alterations in the cottonseed kernel gossypol content and pigment gland structure at maturity in two transgenic cotton cultivars (ZD-90 and SGK3) and an upland cotton standard genotype (TM-1). The results showed that Cd accumulation in cottonseed kernels increased with increasing Cd levels in the soil. The seed kernel Cd content in plants grown… More >

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1384

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ARTICLE

Gang Li¹, Yao Zhou², Yaqi Zhao², Yaxue Liu², Yuwei Ke², Xiaoqing Jin¹, Haoli Ma^1,2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 329-344, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08874
Abstract Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is widely used for investigating gene expression patterns and has many advantages, including its high sensitivity, fidelity, and specificity. Selecting a satisfactory internal reference gene is crucial for obtaining precise gene expression results in qRT-PCR analyses. In this study, the transcriptomic data of 2 potato varieties were screened for housekeeping genes with stable expression patterns. A total of 77 putative genes were selected, which were highly and stably expressed. Then, qRT-PCR analyses were performed to examine the expression levels of these 77 candidate reference genes in various potato tissues, including leaves, flowers, stolons, and tubers. Gene… More >

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ARTICLE

María Laura Molinelli^*, Rocío Tarifa, Patricia Perissé
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 345-360, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08796
Abstract Echium plantagineum (Boraginaceae) is native of the Mediterranean regions, has been introduced and become widespread within the American continent (North to South), South Africa, New Zealand and Australia. This plant has seed dormancy, aggressively spreads to infest vast areas of predominantly agricultural land and is considered a toxic weed to livestock. The objectives of this research were: (i) to study the morpho-anatomy of the diaspores of E. plantagineum; (ii) to identify the pathway of water uptake; and (iii) to characterize the germination and the seedling. The morpho-anatomical studies were carried out analyzing semi-permanent slides of transverse and longitudinal sections of… More >

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ARTICLE

Gerardo Montelongo-Ruíz¹, Yolanda del Rocio Moreno-Ramírez¹, María Cruz Juárez-Aragón¹, Nohemí Niño-García², Reyna Ivonne Torres-Acosta², Torres-Castillo Jorge Ariel^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 361-373, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08499
Abstract This work aims to determine the phytochemical characterization of the pericarp of Chamaedorea radicalis Mart. fruit as a non-timber product with potential to obtain phytochemicals with potential applications in the industry. Fruit from C. radicalis were grouped in four ripening stages named as S1, S2, S3 and S4, according to maturity; S1 the most unripe stage and S4 the completely ripe stage. Determinations of total phenolic compounds, free radical scavenging activities and total flavonoid contents using spectrophotometric methods were done. Also, the tentative identification of phytochemicals during fruit ripening was done using UPLC-MS-MS. Total phenolic compound (TPC) content ranged from… More >

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Yuhao Weng¹, Liming Zhu², Yan Ma³, Hao Su¹, Lu Lu¹, Pengkai Wang¹, Jinhui Chen¹, Asif Ali¹, Renhua Zheng^4,*, Jisen Shi^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 375-384, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08831
Abstract Cerasus Campanulata is one of several species belonging to the Prunoideae focke, a subfamily of the flowering plant Rosaceae. We investigated the details of its chloroplast genome which may reveal its genus independent of morphological determination. Here, we determined the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of C. campanulata and performed sequence analysis to reveal the presence of 18 forward repeats, 20 palindrome repeats, 2 complement repeats, 4 reverse repeats and 93 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). We additionally performed a comparative study of C. campanulata and seven other Prunoideae focke species. Then, maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analyses… More >

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ARTICLE

Lu Zhu, Qiuyue Ma, Shushun Li, Jing Wen, Kunyuan Yan, Qianzhong Li^*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 385-403, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09259
Abstract Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) technology has been extensively used to estimate gene expression levels, and the selection of appropriate reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis is critically important for obtaining authentic normalized data. Acer palmatum is an important colorful leaf ornamental tree species, and reference genes suitable for normalization of the qRT-PCR data obtained from this species have not been investigated. In this study, the expression stability of ten candidate reference genes, namely, Actin3, Actin6, Actin9, EF1α, PP2A, SAMDC, TIP41, TUBα, TUBβ and UBQ10, in two distinct tissues (leaves and roots) of A. palmatum under four different abiotic stress… More >

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ARTICLE

Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye^1,*, Misbah Batool Zahra¹, Subhan Danish¹, Mazhar Abbas², Abdur Rehim¹, Muhammad Naeem Akbar¹, Ayesha Iftikhar¹, Mehreen Gul¹, Ifat Nazir¹, Maria Abid¹, Muhammad Tahzeeb-ul-Hassan¹, Maria Murtaza³
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 405-413, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08918
Abstract Rhizosphere bacteria that colonize plant roots and confer beneficial effects are referred as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Among all PGPR, some rhizobacteria have an ability to produce ACC deaminase enzyme. This enzyme catalyzes stress ACC into a-ketobutyrate and ammonia instead of letting it to be converted to ethylene. Ethylene level rises in plants under stress conditions i.e., drought, salinity, poor soil fertility etc. As poor soil fertility is a big hurdle to achieve the optimum yield of crops, inoculation of ACC deaminase PGPR can overcome this problem to some extent. The aim of the current study was to examine… More >

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Xiaohong Yin, Zui Tao, Jiana Chen, Fangbo Cao, Min Huang^*, Yingbin Zou
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 415-422, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08962
Abstract It has been shown that adding biochar to soil can improve nitrogen (N) uptake and utilization in rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, there is a lack of research on the physiological alterations of rice as a result of the changes in nitrogen uptake due to the addition of biochar. This study conducted field experiments in 2015 and 2016 with the goal of testing the hypothesis that the application of biochar would enhance radiation use efficiency (RUE) of rice by improving the plant’s ability to take in and utilize nitrogen. Our results demonstrated that the application of biochar (20 t ha⁻¹… More >

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ARTICLE

Yong Liang¹, Yuexing Chen², Dong Liu¹, Jianping Cheng³, Gang Zhao¹, Tzion Fahima⁴, Jun Yan^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 423-435, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09339
Abstract Mineral nutrient malnutrition, especially deficiency in selenium (Se), affects the health of approximately 1 billion people worldwide. Wheat, a staple food crop, plays an important role in producing Se-enriched foodstuffs to increase the Se intake of humans. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different Se application methods on grain yield and nutritional quality, grain Se absorption and accumulation, as well as 14 other trace elements concentrations in wheat grains. A sand culture experiment was conducted via a completely randomized 3 × 2 × 1 factorial scheme (three Se levels × two methods of Se application, foliar or soil… More >

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