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REVIEW

Heba I. Mohamed^1,*, Eman M. Fawzi¹, Abdul Basit², Kaleemullah³, Rafiq Lone⁴, Mahmoud R. Sofy⁵
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.7, pp. 1303-1325, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020642
Abstract After wheat, rice, maize, and barley, sorghum is the fifth most widely grown cereal on the planet. Due to its high production, drought resistance, and heat tolerance, this crop is replacing maize in some areas. Sorghum is available in a variety of colors, including cream, lemon-yellow, red, and even black. The principal grain anatomical components are pericarp, germ or embryo and endosperm. This review provides an overview of key sorghum grain components, including starches, fiber, proteins, lipids, and vitamins. Also, we summarized phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, carotenoids, vitamin E, amines, Policosanols and Phytosterols in sorghum grains. Sorghum is used to… More >

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991

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REVIEW

Jinfeng Liu¹, Yuzhe Zhang¹, Yushi Jiang¹, Hongji Sun¹, Ruijie Duan¹, Jing Qu², Dan Yao¹, Siyan Liu^2,*, Shuyan Guan^2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.7, pp. 1327-1340, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.019870
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Integrating Agronomy and Plant Physiology for Improving Crop Production)
Abstract Seed shattering refers to the phenomenon in which the pods split along the abdominal and back sutures before the crop is received, so that the seeds are spread. Seed shattering is vital to the reproduction of their offspring in wild plants, but it is also the main cause of crop yield loss reason. Pod-explosion resistance is a complex process of physical and physiological and biochemical reactions. Soybean seed shattering phenomenon is widespread, which severely restricts the development of soybean industry. Seed shattering (pod cracking or fruit dropping) is essential for the reproduction of its offspring in wild plants, but it… More >

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794

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ARTICLE

Álvaro Rodríguez-Peña¹, Ana C. Gonzalez-Franco¹, Jared Hernández-Huerta¹, Nora A. Salas-Salazar¹, Dámaris L. Ojeda-Barrios¹, Esteban Sánchez², Loreto Robles-Hernández^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.7, pp. 1341-1351, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.019728
Abstract Antibiotics are widely used in fire blight management programs, yet there are no studies that demonstrate the evaluation of their efficacy in Mexico. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of the active ingredients in five commercial products (Kasumin^® 2L, Agrygent Plus^®, Agricultural Terramycin^®, Agrimicin^® 100, and Actigard^®) on fire blight suppression, and fruit yield and quality of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cv. Golden Glory. The experiment was conducted in a commercial orchard using a completely randomized block design, with six treatments: (1) Oxytetracycline [Ox], 110 mg L⁻¹; (2) Kasugamycin [Kas], 4.7 mL L⁻¹; (3) Oxytetracycline + Gentamicin [Ox… More >

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685

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ARTICLE

Simiao Wang^1,#, Xiaohang Li^1,#, Meiting Jiang¹, Xinlong Wu², Yuying Zhao¹, Meiyu Liu¹, Xiaoyan Xu¹, Huimin Wang¹, Hongda Wang¹, Heshui Yu², Wenzhi Yang^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.7, pp. 1353-1364, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.021093
Abstract Quality control of ginseng currently is mainly based on ginsenoside analysis, but rarely focuses on the volatile organic components. In the current work, an untargeted metabolomics approach, by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS), was elaborated and further employed to holistically compare the compositional difference of the volatile components simultaneously from 12 Panax herbal medicines, which included P. ginseng (PG), P. quinquefolius (PQ), P. notoginseng (PN), red ginseng (PGR), P. ginseng leaf (PGL), P. quinquefolius leaf (PQL), P. notoginseng leaf (PNL), P. ginseng flower (PGF), P. quinquefolius flower (PQF), P. notoginseng flower (PNF), P. japonicus (PJ), and P. japonicus… More >

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596

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ARTICLE

Ekaterina Yotsova¹, Martin Stefanov¹, Georgi Rashkov¹, Margarita Kouzmanova², Anelia Dobrikova¹, Emilia Apostolova^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.7, pp. 1365-1380, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020566
Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris on the rice seedlings at physiological conditions and under cadmium (Cd) stress. We examined the effects of C. vulgaris in the nutrient solution on rice seedlings grown hydroponically in the presence and the absence of 150 μM CdCl₂, using the low (77 K) temperature and pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) chlorophyll fluorescence, P700 photooxidation measurements, photochemical activities of both photosystems, kinetic parameters of oxygen evolution, oxidative stress markers (MDA, H₂O₂ and proline), pigment content, growth parameters and Cd accumulation. Data revealed that the application C. vulgaris not… More >

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682

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Xiyue Wang, Zihao Wu, Chao Yan, Chunmei Ma, Shoukun Dong^*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.7, pp. 1381-1401, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020251
Abstract Soybeans are one of the most important grain crops worldwide. Water deficit, which seriously affects the yield and quality of soybeans, is the main abiotic stress factor in soybean production. As a follow-up study, the droughttolerant soybean variant Heinong 44 was analyzed via proteome analysis. Soybean was exposed to water deficit for 0, 8, and 24 h, and protein samples were extracted for detection of differentially expressed proteins. Protein sequencing of leaf tissues under water stress yielded a total of 549 differentially expressed proteins: 75 and 320 upregulated proteins as well as 70 and 84 downregulated proteins were obtained after… More >

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665

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Reza Shokri-Gharelo¹, Ali Bandehagh^1,*, Mohammad Anwar Hossain^2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.7, pp. 1403-1417, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020431
Abstract Drought stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses that plants face frequently in nature. Under drought conditions, many morphological, physiological, and molecular aspects of plants are changed and as a result plants experience a remarkable reduction in growth, yield, and reproduction. To expand our understanding of the molecular basis of the plant response to drought stress, the proteomic profile and protein-protein network of canola (Brassica napus L.) were studied. The focus was to show molecular mechanisms related to canola susceptibility to drought stress. The experiment used a completely randomized design, implemented in a hydroponic system under greenhouse conditions.… More >

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688

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ARTICLE

Longhua Zhou^1,2,#, Ting He^1,2,#, Jing Li^1,2,3, Guimei Guo^1,2, Yingbo Li^1,2, Hongwei Xu^1,2, Runhong Gao^1,2, Linli Huang^1,2, Yifei Wang^1,2, Ruiju Lu^1,2, Zhiwei Chen^1,2,*, Chenghong Liu^1,2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.7, pp. 1419-1428, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.019912
Abstract Phytohormones play important roles in plant growth and development, and polyploids are thought to be an important method for plant breeding. However, the relationship between ploidy and phytohormone is still unclear. In this study, barley at three ploidy levels were produced by microspore culture. Therefore, we further analyzed the phytohormone content in the shoots and roots of the three kinds of barley materials to study the effect of ploidy on phytohormones accumulation and distribution. The results showed that Abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), jasmonic acid (JA), auxin (IAA), salicylic acid (SA) and cytokinin (CTK) were successfully determined in shoots and… More >

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606

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Hameed Gul¹, Mengya Qian¹, Mohammad G. Arabzai^1,2, Tianhui Huang¹, Qiannan Ma¹, Fangyu Xing¹, Wan Cao¹, Tingting Liu¹, Hong Duan¹, Qianlin Xiao^1,*, Zhizhai Liu^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.7, pp. 1429-1443, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.019842
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Integrating Agronomy and Plant Physiology for Improving Crop Production)
Abstract Kernel size-related traits, including kernel length, kernel width, and kernel thickness, are critical components in determining yield and kernel quality in maize (Zea mays L.). Dissecting the phenotypic characteristics of these traits, and discovering the candidate chromosomal regions for these traits, are of potential importance for maize yield and quality improvement. In this study, a total of 139 F2:3 family lines derived from EHel and B73, a distinct line with extremely low ear height (EHel), was used for phenotyping and QTL mapping of three kernel size-related traits, including 10-kernel length (KL), 10-kernel width (KWid), and 10-kernel thickness (KT). The results… More >

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596

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Huimin Cui, Shuo Qu, Abraham Lamboro, Yaolei Jiao, Piwu Wang^*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.7, pp. 1445-1464, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020010
Abstract In agricultural production, a single insect-resistant and disease-resistant variety can no longer meet the demand. In this study, the expression vector pCAMBIA-3301-PR1 containing the disease-resistant gene PR1 was constructed by means of genetic engineering, and the PR1 gene was genetically transformed to contain the PR1 gene through the pollen tube method. In CryAb-8Like transgenic high-generation T₇ receptor soybean, a new material that is resistant to insects and diseases is obtained. For T₂ transformed plants, routine PCR detection, Southern Blot hybridization, fluorescence quantitative PCR detection, indoor and outdoor pest resistance identification and indoor disease resistance identification were performed. The results showed… More >

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ARTICLE

Siyan Liu^1,*, Jinfeng Liu¹, Yuzhe Zhang¹, Yushi Jiang¹, Shaowang Hu¹, Andi Shi¹, Qiyao Cong¹, Shuyan Guan^2,*, Jing Qu², Yao Dan¹
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.7, pp. 1465-1482, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.018836
Abstract Exploring the molecular mechanism of soybean response to drought stress, providing a basis for genetic improvement and breeding of heat-resistant varieties, relying on the transcriptome sequencing data of unpollinated ovary at the seven-leaf stage of soybean Jinong 18(JN18) and Jinong 18 mutant (JB18) soybeans, using reverse transcription, one gene in the sHSP family was cloned using PCR (RT-PCR) and it was named sHSP26. In this experiment, the soybean sHSP26 gene was successfully cloned by RT-PCR, the protein encoded by the sHSP26 gene was analyzed by bioinformatics, and the sHSP26 gene overexpression vector and CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing vector were constructed. The positive… More >

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538

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Walid Soufan^*, Nasser A. Al-Suhaibani
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.7, pp. 1483-1493, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020264
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Integrating Agronomy and Plant Physiology for Improving Crop Production)
Abstract Cereal-legume intercropping plays a vital role in the subsistence food production system that prevails in the arid regions. It not only provides profitable crop productivity for agricultural communities but also plays an important role in improving soil fertility. Therefore, the present research was conducted to assess the effect of the organic and mineral fertilizers on the forage yield and nutritional value in barley-pea intercropping system. The results revealed that the quality of forage grass is significantly influenced by both organic and inorganic fertilizer. Thus, organic fertilizer application has significantly influenced the dry matter (DM), crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP),… More >

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Ruoyu Xiong¹, Liming Chen¹, Daren Jiang¹, Yingjie Zhou¹, Xueming Tan¹, Xiaohua Pan¹, Yongjun Zeng¹, Jun Zhang², Yanhua Zeng^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.7, pp. 1495-1502, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.018485
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: High-Yield Rice Physiology & Genetics)
Abstract In order to investigate the effects of different irrigation management on the textural properties of two different double-cropping late Indica rice, the effects of three irrigation management including conventional irrigation (CK), constant irrigation (CI) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) on textural properties has been researched under field conditions of two years. The results indicated that the firmness, cohesiveness and chewiness were decreased under AWD treatment, and the stickiness was increased compared with CK, while the textural properties under CI treatment showed the opposite trend with AWD treatment. Additionally, AWD treatment signifi- cantly improved the springiness of TY871 compared with… More >

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Sisi Liu¹, Lisi Zhou², Jiaoli Huang¹, Huijie Zeng¹, Zhongquan Qiao¹, Yongxin Li^1,*, Gang Zhang^3,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.7, pp. 1503-1516, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020390
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Omics in Challenging Environment)
Abstract Lonicerae Flos (LF) derived from the dried flower buds or opening flowers of four Lonicera plants (Lonicera macranthoides, L. hypoglauca, L. confusa, and L. fulvotnetosa), is a popular traditional Chinese medicine. Because the four origin plants are very similar in morphology, it is difficult to control the quality of LF in actual production. Over the past decade, many reports have pointed out the differences among them, including the botanical characteristics and active ingredients. However, there is still a lack of rapid methods that can be applied to the identification of the four origins. In this study, comparative analysis of the… More >

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Weimin Zhao¹, Fengzhen Li¹, Guomin Shi³, Jialei Guo¹, Guifang He¹, Tao He^2,3,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.7, pp. 1517-1528, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.019630
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Omics in Challenging Environment)
Abstract Saussurea medusa, Saussurea hypsipeta and Saussurea obvallata are typical alpine snowline plants growing in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. They are characterized by a specialized morphology. S. medusa and S. hypsipeta have very dense trichomes on whole plant, whereas S. obvallata has transparent bracts covered inflorescences. The different forms reflect their adaptation to cold environments. To investigate the different mechanisms of adaptation of these species to cold temperatures, transcriptome sequencing was performed in three species of Saussurea DC. A total of 116394 137237 and 113879 Unigenes were identified from S. medusa, S. hypsipeta and S. obvallata, respectively. Of these, 55909 (48.03%), 65519… More >

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Peifan Wang^1,#, Shengting Rao^1,#, Jia Fang², Yongqiang Lv², Anying Zhao², Zhengqian Ye², Weijun Fu^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.7, pp. 1529-1542, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.019368
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: The Effect of Soil Quality Degradation on the Plant Growth, Quality and Food Safety in Subtropical Agroforestry Ecosystems)
Abstract Soil potentially hazardous metal (PHM) is continually attracting public attention worldwide, due to its highly toxic properties and potentially huge damage to human being through food chain. Phytoremediation is an effective and eco-friendly way in remediation technology. A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different organic materials (biogas residue (BR), mushroom residue (MR), and bamboo-shoot shell (BS)) application on phytoremediation of two PHM-contaminated soils (Fuyang soil as ‘heavily-polluted soil’ and Wenzhou soil as ‘moderately-polluted soil’, respectively) by Sedum alfrecdii Hance. The results indicated: 1) for moderately-polluted soil, the 5% BR treatment had the strongest activation to… More >

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533

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Zhijie Tian^1,*, Xueying Jia², Tingting Liu¹, Eryan Ma¹, Lamei Xue¹, Yanqiu Hu¹, Qingrong Zheng¹
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.7, pp. 1543-1556, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020329
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: The Effect of Soil Quality Degradation on the Plant Growth, Quality and Food Safety in Subtropical Agroforestry Ecosystems)
Abstract Soil respiration (Rs) plays an important role in regulating carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems and presents temporal and spatial heterogeneity. Abies nephrolepis is a tree species that prefers the cold and wet environment and is mainly distributed in Northeast Asia and East Asia. The Rs variations of Abies nephrolepis forests communities are generally environmental-sensitive and can effectively reflect the adaptive responses of forest ecosystems to climate change. In this study, the growing-seasonal variations of Rs, soil temperature, soil water content and soil properties of Abies nephrolepis forests were analyzed along an altitude gradient (2000, 2100, 2200 and 2300 m) over… More >

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