Due to the climate change and loss of cultivable land, the crop production needs to be increased significantly to feed the growing population. Although scientists are developing many promising crop varieties, their potential yields are often unattained due to the environmental adversities and improper crop management. As frontiers of crop production, plant physiologists are the most responsible for the improvement of crop production steadily. Various stress factors are taking place more frequently than earlier times leading to the vulnerability of crop productivity. Exploring the physiological bases of plant stress tolerance is very important in developing plant stress tolerance. Also, modern agronomic practices can create a suitable environment for optimum crop productivity. An integration between plant physiology and agronomy would be very effective in achieving desirable crop production in the era of climate change. This special issue is indented to bring together a galaxy of eminent experienced scientists to present latest developments in this field. Both research article and review are welcome.