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ARTICLE

Herrera-Parra E^1,2, J Ramos-Zapata¹, J Cristóbal-Alejo³, J Tun-Suarez³, A Reyes-Ramírez³
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 7-13, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.007
Abstract The root knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. is an important endoparasite limiting the cultivation of horticultural species and affecting the plants of at least 3000 species, including grasses, vegetables, ornamentals, fruit and forest. The aim of this study was to estimate the potential of three species of Trichoderma as antagonists of M. incognita in plants of Capsicum chinense under greenhouse conditions. A bioassay was established with plants of C. chinense previously inoculated with Trichoderma spp. and transplanted to pots with sterile substrate; the plants were subsequently inoculated with 300 infective second-stage larvae (J₂) and 1000 larvae eggs of M. incognita. A… More >

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Barresi O^1,2, VM Chiocchio^1,2, RS Lavado²
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 14-17, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.014
Abstract Previous studies in soils of the Pampas region indicate the prevalence of calcium phosphates within the very complex mix of phosphorus (P) compounds in the soils. We studied the changes in P fractions in a punctual situation in the Pampas region. The sampling was carried out in a farm located near the city of Junín (-34.585; -60.9589) and the soil was Junín series Typic Hapludoll. The farm was devoted to grazing and sporadic crops, but from the last 30 years changed to continuous agriculture. At no time fertilization matched nutrients removal by crops. The soil P fractions were determined using… More >

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876

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Díaz-López E¹, A Morales-Ruíz¹, A Olivar-Hernández¹, HR Bravo-Delgado², JM Loeza-Corte³
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 18-24, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.018
Abstract Sunflower is a crop that is used as ornamental, oleaginous, forage, and currently as a bioremediation plant, of hard water affected soils. For this reason, the main objective of this investigation was to study the effect of potassium fertilization on yield under field conditions, and the effect of gibberellic acid (GA₃), at postharvest of inflorescences. Two experiments were established, under field and laboratory conditions. In the field experiment, four levels of potassium, 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha were evaluated, under a randomized complete block design and four replicates (4×4) = 16 experimental units. The variables evaluated were agronomic and… More >

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Zafar-ul-Hye M¹, A Nasir¹, M Aon¹, S Hussain¹, M Ahmad², I Naz¹
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 25-31, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.025
Abstract Abiotic stresses like salt stress and soil compaction are responsible for increased ethylene production which may adversely affect crop growth. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of seed inoculation with ACC-deaminase containing rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas syringae) in the presence of recommended or half of a recommended rate of inorganic fertilizers at different growth stages of fodder maize in a compacted saline-sodic soil. At both fertilizer rates, seed inoculation with P. fluorescens and P. syringae significantly improved all growth parameters over the control treatment. After 30, 60 and 75 days of sowing, treatment with recommended NPK… More >

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907

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Jianar A, JH Yuan, YF Yang
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 32-39, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.032
Abstract Ulmus macrocarpa Hance can form monodominant woodlands in the semiarid Keerqin sandy lands, China. Methods of sampling at meter intervals from the bases of trees at the woodland edges and isolated trees, respectively, were employed along vertical sections in different directions. Using statistical methods based on the density function of the Weibull distribution, the patterns of seed dispersal and the spatial expansion response of U. macrocarpa, which is a typical anemochorous plant, were analyzed. Although as an effect of the wind direction varying owing to the monsoon, there were differences in the degree of dispersal of seeds in terms of… More >

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REVIEW

Li QK¹, J Tang², T Wang³, D Wu², CA Busso⁴, RF Jiao², XJ Ren²
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 40-50, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.040
Abstract Fresh water is a valuable nonrenewable resource and plays an important role in maintaining economic and social development. Considering its large population and consumption potential, water resource deficits will certainly not allow a sustainable development of basic industries in China in the near future. Application of sewage irrigation, to some extent, was regarded as an alternative way to solve the problem of agricultural water shortage in some areas (such as North China). However, accompanied with an extensive implementation of sewage irrigation, some problems with sewage irrigation became gradually obvious in agriculture, especially those related with pollution and destruction of farmlands.… More >

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Ithurrart LS^1,2, CA Busso^1,2, YA Torres^1,3, DV Peláez^1,2,3, H Giorgetti⁴, G Rodríguez⁴, ML Ambrosino^2,5
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 51-59, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.051
Abstract Plant competition for soil resources is common in semiarid rangelands. Plants have various, alternative mechanisms to deal with soil resource acquisition. They include (1) length, weight and proliferation of roots, (2) root length density, and (3) root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhiza. In rangelands of Argentina, plants are exposed to herbivory after natural fires. As a result, knowledge on how these disturbances impact root traits is important for outlining guidelines focused on rangeland management and improvement. Our aim was to analyze the effects of defoliation after a controlled burning on root traits (1) to (3) on two preferred (Poa ligularis and… More >

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868

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Gálvez Muñoz YA¹, E Martínez Moreno², S Ramírez Vera², L Latournerie Moreno³, JM Lesher Gordillo¹, G Castañón Nájera^1*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 60-67, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.060
Abstract The research was conducted with the aim to identify the variability in situ of wild and semi-wild morphotypes of Capsicum spp. that were found growing in different places of Tabasco and the north of Chiapas States. Morphotypes included “Amashito” (five types), “Pico de paloma” (two types), “Garbanzo”, “Ojo de sapo”, “Ojo de cangrejo”, “Colmillo de lagarto” and “Corazón de pollo”. Such characterization is important because there is an extensive variability of forms cultivated in the country, resulting from a wide range of agroecological diversity as well as diverse forms, colours, flavors and sizes that constitute a valuable collection of genes… More >

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Chel-Guerrero LD¹, R Gómez-Cansino², SL Gúzman-Gutierrez³, MG Campos-Lara⁴, E Saury-Duch¹, F Díaz de León Sánchez⁵, R Reyes-Chilpa⁶, JA Mendoza-Espinoza⁷
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 68-71, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.068
Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate extracts from the peels of Annona squamosa L. (purple sugar apple), Annona reticulata L. (custard apple), Chrysophyllum cainito L. (green star apple), and Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq. (mamoncillo), as potential sources of anti-HIV-1 agents. Methanolic extracts from the peels of the aforementioned tropical fruits were obtained by maceration. Antiviral activity was evaluated through HIV-1 RT inhibition by extracts, using a non-radioactive immuno/colorimetric assay (Lenti RT Activity Assay, Cavidi Tech). Assay was performed according to the protocol provided by the manufacturer. Extracts from the peels of A. squamosa, A. reticulata, and C. cainito showed… More >

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Villa-Hernández JM¹, B García-Ocón², E del C Sierra-Palacios², C Pelayo-Zaldivar³, F Díaz de León-Sánchez¹, LJ Pérez-Flores¹, JA Mendoza-Espinoza²
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 72-78, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.072
Abstract Mexico bears witness to a long-standing tradition in the use of plants for medicinal purposes; nevertheless, standardized methodological approaches for the proper identification of these are still needed. The problem is especially noticeable during the validation of ingredients in herbal preparations, as so many of them are sold as powders. It is for these reasons that the present study aims to compare the results of classic taxonomical assessments with those obtained using more modern molecular techniques (e.g. PCR-amplified 18S ribosomal RNA gene analysis) in one ethnobotanical case-study carried out in the “Desierto de los Leones” National Park in Mexico City,… More >

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ARTICLE

Rodrigues Costa A^1,2, PS Pereira³, MK Alves de Sousa^1,2, FC Rodrigues⁵, VR Duarte Mendes¹, KR Rodrigues Lima¹, L Marivando Barros^1,4, CM Rocha Sousa¹, MS Alcântara¹, AB Leite Cavalcante⁴, R Cruz Macedo⁵, JP Kamdem³, AE Duarte^1,2
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 79-86, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.079
Abstract The species Rhaphiodon echinus, known as betonica or creeping mint, is considered an infesting plant species, typical of the caatinga biome. Morphoanatomy is a very important tool to study the structure of plants, both its external and internal morphology, opening the knowledge about the production of secondary metabolites. These compounds are of great importance for scientific research, which may present themselves as the best antioxidants. Taking into account a lack of data in the literature on the essential oil of R. echinus, this study aimed to demonstrate its antioxidant activity and toxicity. In order to test this hypothesis, tests were… More >

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García-Zambrano EA¹, MC Ojeda-Zacarías¹, JG Gutiérrez-Soto¹, SR Sinagawa-García¹, A Gutiérrez-Díez¹, J Martínez-de la Cerda¹, JA Pedroza-Flores¹, C Gallegos-Vázquez², JI García-Zambrano³
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 87-93, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.087
Abstract The technologies based on molecular markers of DNA are the most advanced and possibly the most effective and accurate means to identify genetic variation. The objective of this study was to use molecular genetic markers namely AFLP as a tool for the molecular differentiation of 36 accessions of xoconostle collected in the Centro Regional Universitario Centro Norte of the Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo (CRUCEN-UACh.). DNA extraction was performed by the method of cellular ruptor using FastDNA^® Kit, and quantification of purity and yield of DNA was carried out through the Nanodrop 2000. It was observed that the DNA concentrations ranged… More >

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ARTICLE

Jimarez-Montiel MJ¹, A Robledo-Paz¹, VM Ordaz-Chaparro², LI Trejo-Tellez², JC Molina-Moreno¹
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 94-104, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.094
Abstract An alternative method for improving the production of habanero chili is the tissue culture technique; however, the gelling agent, the high salt and sucrose concentrations used in the culture media raise production costs and limit the adaptation of the regenerated plants to greenhouse or field conditions. In this study, the effect of the substrates perlite-coconut fiber, coconut fiber-volcanic rock, vermiculite-perlite, and perlite-volcanic rock in conjunction with various culture media in in vitro plant regeneration from embryos was evaluated. The differentiation of adventitious shoots on substrates was scarcely observed or non-existent. Inducing the formation of shoots on agar and their development… More >

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842

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Espinoza-Sánchez EA¹, YA Sánchez-Peña², JA Torres-Castillo³, EA García-Zambrano², JE Treviño Ramírez², F Zavala-García², SR Sinagawa-García²
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 105-112, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.105
Abstract In this study, we established an in vitro regeneration system from immature embryos of four varieties of Sweet Sorghum with biotechnological potential. A total of 17 treatments were assesses in the induction of somatic embryogenic calli. We analyzed the effect of Murashige y Skoog media supplemented with different concentrations of plant growth regulators such as auxins and cytokinins. The callus induction response was evaluated using three immature embryos development stages and based on the number of embryos with callus induction. Different responses were observed in the embryos depending of the embryo age, culture condition, media composition and variety. The results… More >

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857

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ARTICLE

Han DY^1,2, YF Yang²
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 113-122, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.113
Abstract Rapid and precise assessment of biodiversity is a central issue in conservation biology and biodiversity science. Higher taxonomic units and life form-based morphospecies were utilised to assess plant diversity patterns at the habitat scale in temperate meadow steppe, Songnen Plain, China. Patch area, taxonomic composition (families and genera) and life form (based on Raunkiaer’s life forms, and stem and root growth forms) were recorded in five communities. Taxonomic unit-based hierarchical diversity indices (HDI) and life form-based hierarchical diversity indices (HLDI) were calculated. Twenty-six families, 67 genera, and 87 species were recorded in the five communities. HDI and HLDI were significantly… More >

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820

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ARTICLE

Wang XG¹, Wuyunna^1*, CA Busso², YT Song¹, FJ Zhang¹, GW Huo¹
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 123-132, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.123
Abstract Chemical elements, such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), are major limiting nutrients in arid and semiarid grasslands and their stoichiometry (C:N:P) is a very important ratio to determine. In addition, it is critical to understand how plant stoichiometry responds to multiple environmental factors at the species level. In this study, we conducted a greenhouse experiment to investigate the effects of salt stress (4 g NaCl/kg soil), drought (35% of the soil water holding capacity) and N addition (10 g N/m²), as well as their interactions, on C, N and P concentrations and C:N:P ratios in two dominant… More >

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805

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ARTICLE

Jabbari H¹, M Gholamhosseini¹, M Naeemi², A Nasiri³
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 133-142, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.133
Abstract Two experiments were performed in 2011-2012 to investigate the response of three oilseed rape cultivars to drought stress, grown under two climate conditions in Iran (cold and hot climates). The experiments were conducted using a randomized complete-block design arranged in split-plot with three replicates. The irrigation treatments (FI: full irrigation; WIF: withholding irrigation at flowering stage, and WIS: withholding irrigation at the silique formation stage until physiological maturity) were allocated to main plots, whereas subplots consisted of the oilseed rape cultivars: early maturating (GKH2005), relatively late maturing (Opera) and late maturing (Okapi). Drought caused a significant reduction in seed number,… More >

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886

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ARTICLE

Xin ZM^1,2, MH Liu², Q Lu^1,3, CA Busso⁵, YJ Zhu^1,3, Z Li², YR Huang², XL Li2, FM Luo², F Bao¹, JQ Qian^4*, YH Li^1,3*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 144-155, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.144
Abstract Leaf δ¹³C is widely used to explain plant strategies related to resource availability in different environments. However, the coupled response of leaf δ¹³C to precipitation and temperature as well as the relationship between leaf δ¹³C and leaf traits remain unclear. The leaf δ¹³C and its relationship with leaf traits [leaf size (LS), leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW), leaf length to width ratio (L:W), specific leaf area (SLA) and mass-based leaf nitrogen concentration (N_mass)] were investigated on the dominant shrub species Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. in the arid region (Dengkou and Minqin) of northwestern China under the simulated increasing precipitation (PGS)… More >

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ARTICLE

Deng JB^1,2*, G Gao³, KS Ahmad⁴, XQ Luo^1,2, FT Zhang^1,2, S Li^1,2, RW Yang⁵
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 156-161, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.156
Abstract Six mitochondrial (mtDNA) markers, cox2, ccmFn, ccb256, cox3, Nad4L-orf25, and atp4, were combined to assess genetic relationships by using Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Maximum parsimony (MP). This was done among nine Chinese Curcuma herbal species, included two rare species which are difficult to distinguish from their morphological characters. The relationships are very close among the nine species, and the overall distance was 0.018. In this study, the backbone of such nine species was achieved firstly to date, and being divided into two groups with moderate to strong bootstrap support. Both the ML and MP tree were obtained with similarity topologies… More >

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Tantasawat PA, K Lunwongsa, T Linthaisong, P Wirikitgul, N Campatong, N Talpolkrung, A Tharapreuksapong, O Poolsawat, A Khairum, A Sorntip, C Kativat
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 162-170, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.162
Abstract Genetic diversity and relatedness of 17 water primrose (Ludwigia hyssopifolia) accessions in Thailand were estimated using morphological characters and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Eight morphological characters were diverse among the accessions. However, some accessions could not be distinguished from one another based on these morphological characters alone. Unweighted pair-group arithmetic average (UPGMA) analysis of these characters separated these 17 accessions into 2 major clusters. Among the 5 RAPD primers used, a total of 68 fragments (150 to 2000 bp) were amplified, showing a polymorphism percentage of 80%. The polymorphic information content (PIC) among accessions varied from 0.31 to… More >

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ARTICLE

Calixto-Muñoz JJ¹, MD Mariezcurrena-Berasain¹, AT Gutiérrez-Ibáñez¹, A Balbuena-Melgarejo¹, S Rajaram², ED Archundia-Velarde¹, DL Martínez-Pardo³, DL Pinzón-Martínez¹
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 171-177, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.171
Abstract Wheat is one of the most important protein sources for human beings. Several food products are elaborated from this cereal, such as bread. Mexican wheat breeding programs are focused on to identify those genotypes with high yields and bread quality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental effects over the Physicochemical and Bromatological quality parameters of Cal Blanco F2011, Matchett F2011 and RSM-Norman F2008 wheats sown at the experimental fields at Mexicali, Baja California, Querendaro, Michoacán and Tarimoro, Guanajuato, Mexico during the autumn-winter growing cycle for two consecutive years (2014-2016) under irrigation conditions. Grain Hectolitric weight… More >

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750

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ARTICLE

Bibi A¹, SA Majid², A Munir³, A Ulfat⁴, G Javed², S Khatoon², N Azhar², S Ashraf², S Aziz², N Mumtaz²
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 178-182, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.178
Abstract Chilling stress on cereal crops is the major form of cold stress that appears in some regions, and causes significant losses by depressing seed germination, and seedling growth and establishment. Hormones have the ability to reduce the stress effects in crops by various mechanisms. To determine the role of nitric oxide in mitigating chilling damages in wheat, two trials were conducted and seven wheat varieties were used. Seeds of wheat varieties after priming using three different concentrations (0, 10^-4, 10^-5 M) of sodium nitroprusside as nitric oxide donor were grown under two growth conditions (control, 4 °C) according to a… More >

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830

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ARTICLE

Zepeda-Guzmán S¹, M Gómez-Romero², C Sosa-Aguirre¹, J Villegas¹
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 183-190, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.183
Abstract Changes in root architecture are a strategy used by plants to explore the soil for available resources. The presence of beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere as well as plant growth regulators can cause changes in root development and promote the availability of water and nutrients. The effect of microorganisms or growth regulators on plant growth has been tested, but little is known about the effect they have on the architecture of the root of Hordeum vulgare L. Therefore the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the application of Rhizoglomus intraradices, Azospirillum brasilense, quercetin and epibrassinolide, alone… More >

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Qayyum S¹, SA Majid¹, A Bibi², A Ulfat¹, K Khanum¹, A Munir¹, S Nisar¹, S Aziz¹, N Mumtaz¹
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 191-197, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.191
Abstract Maize (Zea mays L., the third most important cereal crop after wheat and rice, is the major kharif (summer) crop of rainfed areas in Pakistan. The yield per hectare and total production of maize in Pakistan is low versus an exponentially increasing population. The objective of this work was to study the interactive effects of phytohormones [Gibberellic acid (GA), Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), Abscicic acid (ABA) and kinetin (KIN)] on morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters during the germination of maize seeds. Seeds were presoaked in different hormones, separately or in combinations. Priming with GA+SNP+ABA+KIN enhanced the total fresh (TFW) and dry… More >

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ARTICLE

Hernández LF^1,2, PM Bellés³, MA Bidegain^4,5, PD Postemsky⁴
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 198-208, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.198
Abstract Absence or underdevelopment of sunflower fruits come usually from failure in fertilization, stresses as well as physiological and morphological defects in the ovary. Thigmomorphogenesis has never been included as a possible cause. We have previously shown that a 2-3 day fertilization shift can occur between neighboring florets in the sunflower capitulum. It is proposed here that those ovaries with advanced fertilization can generate a significant radial and axial compressive stress on ovaries with delayed fertilization. This mechanical stimulus could be strong enough to trigger a thigmo response that affects further ovary development. In vivo tests were performed, isolating ovaries by… More >

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Abud-Archila M¹, AK Espinosa-Arrioja¹, T González-Soto², VF Gutiérrez-Oliva¹, V Ruíz-Valdiviezo¹, D González-Mendoza², L Rodríguez-Hernández³, FA Gutiérrez-Miceli¹
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 209-215, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.209
Abstract The aim of this investigation was to analyze the effect of vermicompost and phosphate rock on plant growth and biochemical responses of Moringa oleifera exposed to water deficit and waterlogging conditions. Treatments included 152 g of vermicompost (V) and 1.3 g of phosphate rock (PR) added to each cultivation bag. Control was prepared with 2.3 g of urea. All treatments were irrigated under different watering conditions [water deficit: irrigated at 20% water holding capacity (WHC); control (40% WHC) and waterlogging (60% WHC)]. The overall average in plant height was 90, 86 and 68 cm, whereas chlorophyll was 45, 40 and… More >

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Vázquez Núñez E¹, S Awate², MC Carrasco Monrroy³
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 216-224, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.216
Abstract The effect of scarification methods and silver nanoparticles on plantlets growth were tested on seeds of plants belonging to the Fabaceae family (Prosopis laevigata, Acacia farnesiana and Erythrina americana), which are predominant species in semi-arid ecosystems in Mexico. The scarification methods consisted in using coarse sand paper and two different concentrations of sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄ 98% and H₂SO₄ 50%); immersion of seeds in distilled water was used as a control. The percentage of germination was calculated and the Kotowski´s coefficient was determined. After scarification, the seeds were immersed in silver nanoparticles solutions at different concentrations i.e., 100 mg/L, 500 mg/L… More >

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ARTICLE

Naz N¹, F Durrani¹, Z Shah², NA Khan¹, I Ullah¹
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 225-230, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.225
Abstract The progress and development of crops like potato are harmfully affected by increased heat stress throughout the world. Stress caused by increased heat adversely affects germination and seedling growth which result in a reduced crop development and yield. The present research was carried out to know the influence of heat stress on growth indices and physiological processes of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The heat stresses C- Control (25 °C); T1-45 °C, and T2-40 °C were applied in separate growth chambers to the plants, after 25 days from their germination. Increased heat stress considerably decreased the chlorophyll a and b pigments… More >

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Moya ME^1,2, AA Galussi^1,2, N Sattler², MS Fontana², YG Gillij^1,2
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 231-235, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.231
Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze the anatomy of stems and roots of Mnesithea selloana. Free hand cross sections were made from fresh material of reproductive stems and adventitious roots; they were colored with safranin and mounted on glycerin jelly. Observations were made using an Olympus CH2 light microscope and photographed. In cross section, the stems were circular towards the distal end of the synflorescence and semicircular toward the proximal end, and have two ribs. A uniseriate, continuous epidermis presenting a smooth and thick cuticle and no hairs was observed. Parenchyma cells increased in size towards the pith;… More >

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Shi G¹, ZY Liu¹, T Baoyin¹, J Sun², JJ Duan³, XL Li³, GF Yang⁴
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 236-241, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.236
Abstract Plant functional traits and their effects on rangeland ecosystem function have received much attention by ecologists. However, the importance of functional traits and the interactive effects of grazing exclusion and climate are poorly understood. This study, therefore, aimed to analyse the response of Leymus chinensis functional traits in long-term grazing exclusion in different habitats (rainless typical steppe and rainy meadow steppe). This study showed that although the sensitivity and variability of different traits were similar in two steppe habitats, phenotypic plasticity of L. chinensis in meadow steppe was significantly higher than typical steppes. With the increased degree of plasticity, the… More >

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712

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Song Y¹, CA. Busso⁵, Y Yu², P Wang³, Wuyunna¹, D Zhou⁴
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 242-251, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.242
Abstract The effects of different defoliation intensities and frequencies were studied on regrowth and herbage mass of Leymus chinensis and Hordeum brevisubulatum in northeast China for two years. Plants were defoliated to 6, 8 or 10 cm stubble height by removing about 40% of growth down to each designated defoliation height. In the first year, L. chinensis was defoliated 22, 17 or 13 times, and in the second year was defoliated 21, 15 or 15 times to reach 6, 8 or 10 cm stubble height treatments, respectively. H. brevisubulatum was defoliated 26, 21 or 15 times in the first year, and… More >

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Sánchez J¹, J Sáenz Mata¹, J Flores³, E Jurado², E Estrada Castillón², O Aguirre², G Muro¹
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 252-259, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.252
Abstract The chemical and physical properties of the substrate produce positive or negative effects on the germination of seeds, and different pre-germination treatments are applied to obtain better results. However, the use of soil as a substrate where the species grows is usually not evaluated or used as a treatment. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the native substrate [two types of substrate where the woody species grow (clay and sand)] on the germination of Acacia farnesiana, Larrea tridentata and Prosopis laevigata. In addition, two groups were compared in seeds (grouped and not grouped) of… More >

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Turuelo NM¹, DR Pérez²
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 260-264, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.260
Abstract In arid and semi-arid ecosystems, increasing and irreversible degradation in areas of high conservation value has prompted the search for various solutions, such as rehabilitation and ecological restoration. To implement these strategies, it is essential to solve critical issues affecting the establishment of plants in the field and the production of seedlings in nursery gardens. In the present work, the following pre-germination treatments were evaluated for the species Senna arnottiana and S. kurtzii, endemic to the Patagonian steppe (Payunia): (1) Immersion in water at 80 °C for 5 minutes; (2) Immersion in water at 80 °C for 10 minutes; (3)… More >

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Chichizola GA, AE Rovere, SL Gonzalez
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 265-273, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.265
Abstract The Onagraceae are a well-defined family of flowering plants much used by man. Many representatives of this group, which contains 75 species belonging to 8 genera, are indigenous to Argentina, and 19% of these are commonly found throughout the country. Many Onagraceae are ruderal and promote the subsequent establishment of other species, thus contributing to the restoration of degraded areas. Since it is important to know the characteristics of seeds to be used in restoration projects, we studied the basic germination physiology of Oenothera odorata Jacq., a ruderal plant indigenous to Argentina. Material was collected from roadsides and embankments along… More >

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Álvarez AS¹, DR Pérez²
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 274-279, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.274
Abstract The use of microbial inocula for the restoration of severely degraded arid environments is of great interest. This is because there is a presumption that growth-favoring microorganisms can facilitate the establishment of seedlings by increasing their ability to withstand both the stress of transplantation in the case of nursery seedlings, and the extreme conditions for natural establishment imposed by the scarce, random and variable rainfall. In this work we analyze the “slenderness index”- the height of the plant divided by its diameter at the height cotyledon node- to analyze the effect of treatments with microorganisms in the nursery. This variable… More >

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Tang Y¹, SS Jin²
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 280-285, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.280
Abstract Persistent seed banks have been detected in the Horqin Sandy Land, China using experimental methods. In this study, we used seed traits (i.e. seed mass and seed shape) to predict the persistence of seed banks using the random forest algorithm. The results showed that the mean decrease in accuracy for seed mass and seed shape was 18.26 and 9.90, respectively, suggesting that seed mass was a better predictor than seed shape. With increasing seed mass, the log of P (where P is the ratio of the number of votes selecting existence of a persistent seed bank to the number of… More >

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Ma YP^1,2,3#, ZJ Zhang^1,2#, TQ Su^1#, CA Busso⁴, ER Johnston⁵, XG Han^1,6, XM Zhang^2*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.87, pp. 286-291, 2018, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2018.87.286
Abstract Soil microbial communities are thought to be responsible for the rhizosphere priming effect (RPE). However, because soil microbial communities are comprised of diverse components, very little is known about which component plays the critical role. In this study, soybean and cottonwood were grown at two latitudinal locations with different temperature and light conditions in-situ. We quantified RPE using a natural δ¹³C method, and measured the abundance, richness and composition of bacteria and fungi communities with DNA-based molecular methods. Among all potential variables, including the three aforementioned indexes of bacteria and fungi communities and soil physicochemical and plant indexes, bacterial abundance… More >

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