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Thosea sinensis Walker (TSW) rapidly spreads and severely damages tea plants. Therefore, finding a reliable operational method for identifying the TSW-damaged areas via remote sensing has been a focus of the research community. Such methods also enable us to calculate the precise application of pesticides and prevent the subsequent spread of pests. In this work, based on the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform, five band images of the multispectral red-edge camera were obtained and used for monitoring the TSW in tea plantations.
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  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Global and Comparative Proteome Analysis of Nitrogen-Stress Responsive Proteins in the Root, Stem and Leaf of Brassica napus

    Liang Chai1,2, Cheng Cui1, Benchuan Zheng1, Jinfang Zhang1, Jun Jiang1, Haojie Li1,2,*, Liangcai Jiang1,*
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.3, pp. 645-663, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.024717 - 29 November 2022
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Plant Omics in Challenging Environment)
    Abstract Nitrogen (N) is one of the basic nutrients and signals for plant development and deficiency of it would always limit the productions of crops in the field. Quantitative research on expression of N-stress responsive proteins on a proteome level remains elusive. In order to gain a deep insight into the proteins responding to nitrogen stress in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), comparative proteomic analysis was performed to investigate changes of protein expression profiles from the root, stem and leaf under different N concentrations, respectively. More than 200 differential abundance proteins (DAPs) were detected and categorized into groups More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    A Novel Dominant Allele from 93-11, ES(4), Represses Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging and Leads to Early-Senescence in Rice

    Zhishu Jiang#, Cong Gan#, Yulian Liu, Xiaoli Lin, Limei Peng, Yongping Song, Xiaowei Luo, Jie Xu*
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.3, pp. 665-677, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.025266 - 29 November 2022
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: High-Yield Rice Physiology & Genetics)
    Abstract Senescence is the last developmental process in plant, which has an important impact on crop yield and quality. In this study, a stable hereditary early-senescence line BC64 was isolated from the high-generation recombinant inbred lines of 93-11 and Wuyunjing7 (W7). Genetic analysis showed that the premature aging phenotype was controlled by a dominant gene derived from 93-11. By linkage analysis, the gene was primarily mapped in the region between marker B4 and B5 near the centromere of chromosome 4, described as ES(4). Through multiple backcrossing with W7, the near-isogenic line of ES(4) (NIL-ES(4)) was obtained. Compared More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    REVIEW

    Research Progress and Application of Plant Branching

    Yaru Yang1, Yulan Hu1, Ping Li1, John T. Hancock2, Xiangyang Hu1,*
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.3, pp. 679-689, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.024904 - 29 November 2022
    Abstract Plant branching development plays an important role in plant morphogenesis (aboveground plant type), the number and angle of branches are important agronomic characters that determine crop plant type. Effective branches determine the number of panicles or pods of crops and then control the yield of crops. With the rapid development of plant genomics and molecular genetics, great progress has been made in the study of branching development. In recent years, a series of important branching-related genes have been validated from Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, pea, tomato and maize mutants. It is reviewed that plant branching development is More >

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    ARTICLE

    Nucleotide Sequence Assessment of Four ORFs of Citrus Tristeza Virus: Evidence of Recombination

    Adel A. Rezk1,2,*, Hala A. Amin2
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.3, pp. 691-705, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.024208 - 29 November 2022
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Plant–Environment Interactions)
    Abstract Citrus Tristeza Virus (CTV), usually occurs in nature as a mixture of genotypes. Six naturally infected citrus (Citrus sinensis) trees grafted on sour orange rootstock were collected from three citrus growing governorates in Egypt (Sharqia, Qalyubia and Garbia). In this study, RT-PCR, Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) and nucleotide sequence analysis were used for four independent CTV genomic regions (p65, p18, p20, and p23) to detect and assess the sequence and genetic variabilities among CTV Egyptian isolates. RTPCR products (650 bp) for the CTV p23 gene obtained from the selected isolates were used for the SSCP analysis… More >

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    ARTICLE

    Identification and Characterization of ZF-HD Genes in Response to Abscisic Acid and Abiotic Stresses in Maize

    Xiaojie Jing1,2,3,#, Chunyan Li1,2,3,#, Chengjuan Luo1,2,3, Chaonan Yao1,2,3, Jiahao Zhang1,2,3, Tingting Zhu1,2,3, Jiuguang Wang1,2,3, Chaoxian Liu1,2,3,*
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.3, pp. 707-723, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.024338 - 29 November 2022
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Identification of Genetic/Epigenetic Components Responding to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Crops)
    Abstract The zinc finger homeodomain (ZF-HD) genes belong to the homeobox gene family, playing critical roles in flower development and stress response. Despite their importance, however, to date there has been no genome-wide identification and characterization of the ZF-HD genes that are probably involved in stress responses in maize. In this study, 24 ZF-HD genes were identified, and their chromosomal locations, protein properties, duplication patterns, structures, conserved motifs and expression patterns were investigated. The results revealed that the ZF-HD genes are unevenly distributed on nine chromosomes and that most of these genes lack introns. Six and… More >

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    ARTICLE

    Conventional Breeding and Molecular Markers for Blast Disease Resistance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

    Adel A. Rezk1,2, Mohamed M. El-Malky3, Hossam S. El-Beltagi1,4,*, Mohammed Al-daej1, Kotb A. Attia5,6
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.3, pp. 725-746, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.024645 - 29 November 2022
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Plant–Environment Interactions)
    Abstract Monogenic lines, which carried 23 genes for blast resistance were tested and used donors to transfer resistance genes by crossing method. The results under blast nursery revealed that 9 genes from 23 genes were susceptible to highly susceptible under the three locations (Sakha, Gemmeza, and Zarzoura in Egypt); Pia, Pik, Pik-p, Piz-t, Pita, Pi b, Pi, Pi 19 and Pi 20. While, the genes Pii, Pik-s, Pik-h, Pi z, Piz-5, Pi sh, Pi 3, Pi 1, Pi 5, Pi 7, Pi 9, Pi 12, Pikm and Pita-2 were highly resistant at the same locations. Clustering analysis confirmed the results, which divided into two groups; the first one included all the susceptible genes,… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Monitoring Thosea sinensis Walker in Tea Plantations Based on UAV Multi-Spectral Image

    Lin Yuan1, Qimeng Yu1, Yao Zhang2,*, Xiaochang Wang3, Ouguan Xu1, Wenjing Li1
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.3, pp. 747-761, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.025502 - 29 November 2022
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Symbiotic Associations for Nutrients Management and Complexes Formation for Better Agricultural Crops Productivity under Biotic and Abiotic Stresses)
    Abstract Thosea sinensis Walker (TSW) rapidly spreads and severely damages the tea plants. Therefore, finding a reliable operational method for identifying the TSW-damaged areas via remote sensing has been a focus of a research community. Such methods also enable us to calculate the precise application of pesticides and prevent the subsequent spread of the pests. In this work, based on the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform, five band images of multispectral red-edge camera were obtained and used for monitoring the TSW in tea plantations. By combining the minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) with the selected spectral features,… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Silicon and Nitric Oxide-Mediated Regulation of Growth Attributes, Metabolites and Antioxidant Defense System of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) under Arsenic Stress

    Savita Bhardwaj1, Tunisha Verma1, Ali Raza2,*, Dhriti Kapoor1,*
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.3, pp. 763-782, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.025672 - 29 November 2022
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Physiological and Molecular Interventions in Improving Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants)
    Abstract

    Arsenic (As) contaminated food chains have emerged as a serious public concern for humans and animals and are known to affect the cultivation of edible crops throughout the world. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the individual as well as the combined effects of exogenous silicon (Si) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, on plant growth, metabolites, and antioxidant defense systems of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) plants under three different concentrations of As stress, i.e., 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 mM in a pot experiment. The results showed that As stress reduced the

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  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Metabolites Composition of Bacillus subtilis HussainT-AMU Determined by LC-MS and Their Effect on Fusarium Dry Rot of Potato Seed Tuber

    Touseef Hussain1,*, Abrar A. Khan1, Heba I. Mohamed2,*
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.3, pp. 783-799, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.026045 - 29 November 2022
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Role of Biostimulants in the Alleviation of Biotic and Abiotic Stress)
    Abstract Fusarium dry rot is considered to be the most critical soilborne and postharvest disease that damages potato tubers worldwide when they are stored for a long time. This study was performed to demonstrate the effect of crude extract, culture filtrate, and cell suspension obtained from the bacterium Bacillus subtilis HussainT-AMU, on the net house and field. From oil-contaminated soil, through the serial dilution method, biosurfactant bacteria were isolated on nutrient agar medium. To isolate and screen the prospective biosurfactant strain, various biosurfactant screening methods were used. Standard protocols were carried out for morphological, molecular, and chemical… More >

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    ARTICLE

    Selection of Stable Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR on Herbaceous Peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) in Response to Drought Stress

    Zhipeng Sheng, Yuting Luan, Cong Xu, Jun Tao*, Daqiu Zhao*
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.3, pp. 801-814, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.024953 - 29 November 2022
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Identification of Genetic/Epigenetic Components Responding to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Crops)
    Abstract Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.), as a high-end cut flower in the international market, has high ornamental and medicinal values. But in Northern China, drought is a major environmental factor influencing the growth and development of P. lactiflora. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) can evaluate gene expression levels under different stress conditions, and stable internal reference is the key for qRT-PCR. At present, there is no systematic screening of internal reference for correcting gene expressions of P. lactiflora in response to drought stress. In this study, 10 candidate genes [ubiquitin (UBQ2), UBQ1, elongation factor 1-α (EF-1α), Histidine (His), eukaryotic… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution and Expression Analyses of GA2ox Gene Family in Brassica napus L.

    Yanhua Li1,#, Hualei Huang1,#, Youming Shi1, Shuqin Huang1, Tao Liu1, Changming Xiao1, Xiaoqing Tian2, Ping Zhao1, Xiaoyan Dai3, Taocui Huang1,*, Yan Zhou1,*
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.3, pp. 815-835, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.023928 - 29 November 2022
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Identification of Genetic/Epigenetic Components Responding to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Crops)
    Abstract Gibberellin 2-oxidases (GA2ox) are important enzymes that maintain the balance of bioactive GAs in plants. GA2ox genes have been identified and characterized in many plants, but these genes were not investigated in Brassica napus. Here, we identified 31 GA2ox genes in B. napus and 15 of these BnaGA2ox genes were distributed in the A and C subgenomes. Subcellular localization predictions suggested that all BnaGA2ox proteins were localized in the cytoplasm, and gene structure analysis showed that the BnaGA2ox genes contained 2–4 exons. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that BnGA2ox family proteins in monocotyledons and dicotyledons can be divided into four groups, including two… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Comparative Analysis of the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Active Compounds of Semiliquidambar cathayensis Chang Heteromorphic Leaves

    Xiaoming Tian*, Guangfeng Xiang, Hao Lv, Jing Peng, Lu Zhu
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.3, pp. 837-850, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.024408 - 29 November 2022
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Identification of Genetic/Epigenetic Components Responding to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Crops)
    Abstract In the present study, the variation patterns of leaf shape in different populations of individual Semiliquidambar cathayensis plants were analyzed to investigate the relationship among leaf shape variation, photosynthetic properties, and active compounds to understand the genetic characteristics of S. cathayensis and screen elite germplasms. The leaf shape of 18 offspring from three natural S. cathayensis populations was analyzed to investigate the level of diversity and variation patterns of leaf shape. Furthermore, photosynthetic pigment content, physiological parameters of photosynthesis, and the active compounds in leaves of different shapes were determined. Statistical analysis showed that the leaf shape variation in  S.More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    The Physiological and Molecular Responses of Exogenous Selenium to Selenium Content and Fruit Quality in Walnut

    Mufang Sun1, Xinran Hui2, Cuiling Tong3, Longyi Yuan2, Dejian Zhang1,2,*
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.3, pp. 851-860, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.025147 - 29 November 2022
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Integrating Agronomy and Plant Physiology for Improving Crop Production)
    Abstract To study the effect of exogenous selenium on fruit quality in walnut (Juglans regia L.), 8-year-old walnut (Qingxiang) was taken as the research object. In the fruit expansion stage, 300 mg/L of sodium selenate, yeast selenium and sodium selenite solutions were applied on the leaf of walnut, and the selenium levels in leaves, pericarp and kernel were determined at the ripening stage. The fruit quality, mineral nutrient content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and related genes’ expression were analyzed. The results showed that the three exogenous selenium increased the selenium levels in leaves, pericarp and kernel of walnut.… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Salt Stress Affects the Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by Altering the Antioxidant Machinery and Expression of Hormones and Stress-Specific Genes

    Shahid Hussain1, Rui Zhang1, Shuli Liu1, Yang Wang1, Irshad Ahmad2, Yinglong Chen1, Hongyan Hou3, Qigen Dai1,*
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.3, pp. 861-881, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.025487 - 29 November 2022
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Physiological and Molecular Interventions in Improving Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants)
    Abstract

    Understanding physiological responses in saline agriculture may facilitate wheat breeding programs. Based on a screening test, the Ningmai-14 (NM-14) and Yangmai-23 (YM-23) wheat cultivars were selected for further experiments to understand the underlying salinity tolerance mechanism. This study investigated the effects of five salinity levels such as Control (CK) = 0 (without NaCl stress), S1 = 0.20%, S2 = 0.25%, S3 = 0.30% and S4 = 0.35% of NaCl concentrations of soil on wheat plants. The results showed that increased salinity concentration reduced the growth and yield of wheat cultivars (NM-14 and YM-23). However, YM-23 (12.7%)

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  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Improvement of Early Maturing and Climate Resilient Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cultivars Suitable for Multiple Environments in Bangladesh

    Md. Aktar-Uz-Zaman1, Md. Ariful Islam2, Md. Shahin Iqbal1, Md. Jahangir Alam1, Debashish Sarkar1, Bander Albogami3, Ahmed Gaber3, Akbar Hossain4,*
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.3, pp. 883-899, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.025022 - 29 November 2022
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Plant–Environment Interactions)
    Abstract Ensuring food security for the rapidly increasing population and changing climatic scenarios are requisites for exploiting the genetic divergence of food crops. A study was undertaken to sort out an early maturing chickpea variety for fitting easily between rice-rice cropping systems in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain of Bangladesh. The trial was comprised of eight elite lines of chickpea and executed at various localities in Bangladesh from 2014– 15 to 2017–18. The result explored the chickpea genotype, BARI Chola-11 remained superior to the rest of the elite genotypes for having a short maturity period (100–106 days), More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Biochemical and Physiological Responses of Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves to Moderate Mechanical Stimulation

    Iva Šutevski1,#, Klara Krmpotić1,#, Sandra Vitko1, Nataša Bauer1, Eva Fancev2, Mario Cifrek2, Željka Vidaković-Cifrek1,*
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.3, pp. 901-920, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.025165 - 29 November 2022
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Plant–Environment Interactions)
    Abstract Mechanical stimulation of plants can be caused by various abiotic and biotic environmental factors. Apart from the negative consequences, it can also cause positive changes, such as acclimatization of plants to stress conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to study the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying the response of plants to mechanical stimulation. Our aim was to evaluate the response of model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to a moderate force of 5 N (newton) for 20 s, which could be compared with the pressure caused by animal movement and weather conditions such as heavy rain. Mechanically stimulated leaves… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    In Vitro and in Silico Insights on the Biological Activities, Phenolic Compounds Composition of Hypericum perforatum L. Hairy Root Cultures

    Oliver Tusevski1,*, Marija Todorovska1, Jasmina Petreska Stanoeva2, Marina Stefova2, Sonja Gadzovska Simic1
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.3, pp. 921-941, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.024995 - 29 November 2022
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: Plant Bioactive Compounds-Chemotaxonomic Significance, Antioxidant Properties, Potential Application as Food Ingredients as well as Therapeutics, and the Analytical Technology in Their Efficient Discovery)
    Abstract Three Hypericum perforatum hairy root lines (HR B, HR F and HR H) along with non-transformed roots were analyzed for phenolic compounds composition and in vitro enzyme inhibitory properties. In silico molecular modeling was performed to predict the interactions of the most representative phenolic compounds in HR clones with enzymes related to depression, neurodegeneration and diabetes. Chromatographic analyses revealed that HR clones represent an efficient source of quinic acid and hydroxybenzoic acids, epicatechin and procyanidin derivatives, quercetin and kaempferol glycosides, as well numerous xanthones. In vitro antidepressant activity of HR extracts through monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibition was attributed… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Effects of Different Chinese Hickory Husk Returning Modes on Soil Nutrition and Microbial Community in Acid Forest Soil

    Qian Liu1, Sayikal Duyxanale1, Yongqian Tang2, Xinyu Shen1, Yuanlai Zhao1, Xinru Ma1, Shuai Shao1, Chenfei Liang1,*
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.3, pp. 943-954, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.023225 - 29 November 2022
    (This article belongs to the Special Issue: The Effect of Soil Quality Degradation on the Plant Growth, Quality and Food Safety in Subtropical Agroforestry Ecosystems)
    Abstract Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) is an important economic forest in Southeastern China. A large amount of hickory husk waste is generated every year but with a low proportion of returning. Meanwhile, intensive management has resulted in soil degradation of Chinese hickory plantations. This study aims to investigate the effects of three Chinese hickory husk returning modes on soil amendment, including soil acidity, soil nutrition, and microbial community. The field experiment carried out four treatments: control (CK), hickory husk mulching (HM), hickory husk biochar (BC), and hickory husk organic fertilizer (OF). The phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA)… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Drought Tolerance in Mung Bean is Associated with the Genotypic Divergence, Regulation of Proline, Photosynthetic Pigment and Water Relation

    Mohammad Rafiqul Islam1, Mohd Mostofa Kamal2, Mohammad Faruk Hossain3, Jamil Hossain4, Mohammad Golam Azam4,11, Mst Masuma Akhter5, M. Kamrul Hasan6, Ibrahim Al-Ashkar7, Khalid F. Almutairi7, Ayman EL Sabagh8,*, Md Atikur Rahman9, Muhammad Aamir Iqbal10, Mohammad Sohidul Islam6,*
    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.3, pp. 955-981, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.025138 - 29 November 2022
    Abstract Drought is one of the critical conditions for the growth and productivity of many crops including mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). Screening of genotypes for variations is one of the suitable strategies for evaluating crop adaptability and global food security. In this context, the study investigated the physiological and biochemical responses of four drought tolerant (BARI Mung-8, BMX-08010-2, BMX-010015, BMX-08009-7), and four drought sensitive (BARI Mung-1, BARI Mung-3, BU Mung-4, BMX-05001) mung bean genotypes under wellwatered (WW) and water deficit (WD) conditions. The WW treatment maintained sufficient soil moisture (22% ± 0.5%, i.e., 30% deficit… More >

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