Open Access

EDITORIAL

Laurence H. Klotz
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.10, No.5, pp. 1969-1969, 2003
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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ARTICLE

Lynn Stothers¹, Ismail Laher², George T. Christ³
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.10, No.5, pp. 1971-1980, 2003
Abstract Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common and costly conditions that affect millions of men and women worldwide. A focal area of research into the cause and potential treatment of LUTS is the nitric oxide pathway, which is involved in nerve-induced relaxation in the lower urinary tract. Isoforms of NOS, including nNOS, eNOS, and iNOS, have been identified in the lower urinary tract of both animals and humans. Nerves that are immunoreactive to nitric oxide synthase (NOS) mainly serve the bladder outlet region, but some serve the detrusor. Pathology of the l-arginine-nitric oxide-cGMP pathway involving More >

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Open Access

ARTICLE

R. Choo¹, L. Sugar², E. Hong¹, K. Mackenzie¹, G. DeBoer¹, C. Danjoux¹, G. Morton¹, L. Klotz²
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.10, No.5, pp. 1981-1985, 2003
Abstract Objective: To evaluate whether there is any histologic progression from radical prostatectomy (RP) to local recurrence in patients with clinically isolated local recurrence following RP.
Methods and materials: A total of 43 patients with clinically isolated, biopsy proven, local recurrence following RP were retrospectively analyzed with respect to the change in Gleason score (GS) from RP to local recurrence. Central pathology review was undertaken for both RP and local recurrence biopsy specimens. The changes in primary and secondary Gleason grade (GG), and any potential correlation between the extent of GS change and other variables were also examined.
Results:… More >

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ARTICLE

Armen G Aprikian¹, Neil Fleshner², Adrian Langleben³, Jeffrey Hames⁴
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.10, No.5, pp. 1986-1994, 2003
Abstract Objectives: To provide context in oncology for the significance of the benefits and cost of combined androgen blockade (CAB) in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
Methods: Canadian drug costs for the survival benefit with CAB in advanced prostate cancer were compared with the costs of benefit with new treatments in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), metastatic colorectal cancer, and metastatic breast cancer. Clinical toxicities were also compared.
Results: The survival benefit with CAB in advanced prostate cancer appears to be approximately 3 months. The survival benefit with the addition of vinorelbine to cisplatin for the treatment of… More >

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ARTICLE

Niels-Erik B. Jacobsen, Jeffrey B. Campbell, Michael G. Hobart
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.10, No.5, pp. 1995-1999, 2003
Abstract Objective: To compare the intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of laparoscopic versus open adrenalectomy for surgical adrenal disease.
Materials and methods: Prospectively collected data from 22 consecutive laparoscopic adrenalectomies, performed by one surgeon (MGH) over a period of 18 months at the Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, were reviewed. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed by both the transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches. In addition, a retrospective chart review was performed for all open adrenalectomies, performed at the same institution, over a 6 year period. Exclusion criteria were locally invasive lesions and masses greater than 8 cm in diameter. Adrenal pheochromocytomas… More >

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ARTICLE

Annette M. Walsh¹, Gregory G. Bailly², David G. Bell², Richard W. Norman², Rekha Gupta¹, Ekram Zayed¹, Bassam A. Nassar^1,3,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.10, No.5, pp. 2000-2006, 2003
Abstract Objectives: Urothelial carcinomas have a synchronous or metachronous multifocal pattern of occurrence, questioning their clonal origin. Genetic alterations such as microsatellite instability (MSI) affect various tumors including urothelial cancers. These alterations can affect repeat sequences and cause mutations in coding regions of genes involved in transformation, tumor suppression and apoptosis. Recently, the eight-guanine (G₈) and the seven-guanine (G₇) repeat sequences of the BAX and AXIN2 genes respectively, were shown altered in different cancers. Since BAX is involved in apoptosis while the AXIN2 is involved in β-catenin metabolism, a protein involved in cell adhesion and DNA transcription, and… More >

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Open Access

ARTICLE

Leo C.T. Fung¹, Marc W. Mittelman², Paul S. Thorner³, Antoine E. Khoury⁴
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.10, No.5, pp. 2007-2012, 2003
Abstract Objectives: It was the objective of this study to establish an animal model which simulates the conditions of a biomaterial associated bacterial urinary tract infection.
Methods: The curled portion of polyurethane double pig-tail ureteric stents, pre-coated with P. aeruginosa, were inserted transurethrally into the bladder in eight rabbits. Eight control animals received sterile stent material. Microbiology studies of the stent, bladder tissue, and urine, as well as bladder histopathology were evaluated.
Results: P. aeruginosa was recovered from all stent, bladder, and urine specimens in the P. aeruginosa pre-coated stent group, and no P. aeruginosa was present in any More >

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RESIDENT’S CORNER

Eric Mayer, Daniel J. Caruso, Murali Ankem, Mark C. Fisher, Kenneth B. Cummings, Joseph G. Barone
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.10, No.5, pp. 2013-2016, 2003
Abstract Objective: Circumcision is one of the commonly performed procedures on males in the United States, Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom. The association of minor anatomic variations of the newborn genitalia in patients with minor circumcision complications has not been previously examined. In this study, we looked for an association between subtle genital anatomic variations and newborn circumcision complications.
Materials and methods: Over an 18-month period, children presenting for circumcision revision were examined for minor variations in genital anatomy. Children referred for other urological problems during the same period comprised the control group. The same physician evaluated… More >

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Open Access

HOW I DO IT

Ivan Hsia, Anil Kapoor
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.10, No.5, pp. 2017-2019, 2003
Abstract Laparoscopic nephrectomy is quickly becoming accepted as the standard treatment for small renal neoplasms and benign renal disease. The presence of an ileal conduit has been termed a relative contraindication to laparoscopic surgery. A 58-year old female presented with recurrent pyelonephritis and hydronephrosis of her left kidney. Surgical removal was necessary and we considered a transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy for her. The patient had an ileal conduit and it was because of this reason that only after careful consideration was it decided to attempt the surgery using the laparoscopic approach. We present our technique of transperitoneal More >

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