Home / Journals / CJU / Vol.10, No.5, 2003
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  • Open AccessOpen Access

    EDITORIAL

    Selling ourselves short

    Laurence H. Klotz
    Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.10, No.5, pp. 1969-1969, 2003
    Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    A review of the L-arginine – nitric oxide – guanylate cyclase pathway as a mediator of lower urinary tract physiology and symptoms

    Lynn Stothers1, Ismail Laher2, George T. Christ3
    Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.10, No.5, pp. 1971-1980, 2003
    Abstract Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common and costly conditions that affect millions of men and women worldwide. A focal area of research into the cause and potential treatment of LUTS is the nitric oxide pathway, which is involved in nerve-induced relaxation in the lower urinary tract. Isoforms of NOS, including nNOS, eNOS, and iNOS, have been identified in the lower urinary tract of both animals and humans. Nerves that are immunoreactive to nitric oxide synthase (NOS) mainly serve the bladder outlet region, but some serve the detrusor. Pathology of the l-arginine-nitric oxide-cGMP pathway involving More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Is there a progression of histologic grade from radical prostatectomy to local recurrence in patients with clinically isolated local recurrence following surgery?

    R. Choo1, L. Sugar2, E. Hong1, K. Mackenzie1, G. DeBoer1, C. Danjoux1, G. Morton1, L. Klotz2
    Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.10, No.5, pp. 1981-1985, 2003
    Abstract Objective: To evaluate whether there is any histologic progression from radical prostatectomy (RP) to local recurrence in patients with clinically isolated local recurrence following RP.
    Methods and materials: A total of 43 patients with clinically isolated, biopsy proven, local recurrence following RP were retrospectively analyzed with respect to the change in Gleason score (GS) from RP to local recurrence. Central pathology review was undertaken for both RP and local recurrence biopsy specimens. The changes in primary and secondary Gleason grade (GG), and any potential correlation between the extent of GS change and other variables were also examined.
    Results:More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    An oncology perspective on the benefits and cost of combined androgen blockade in advanced prostate cancer

    Armen G Aprikian1, Neil Fleshner2, Adrian Langleben3, Jeffrey Hames4
    Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.10, No.5, pp. 1986-1994, 2003
    Abstract Objectives: To provide context in oncology for the significance of the benefits and cost of combined androgen blockade (CAB) in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
    Methods: Canadian drug costs for the survival benefit with CAB in advanced prostate cancer were compared with the costs of benefit with new treatments in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), metastatic colorectal cancer, and metastatic breast cancer. Clinical toxicities were also compared.
    Results: The survival benefit with CAB in advanced prostate cancer appears to be approximately 3 months. The survival benefit with the addition of vinorelbine to cisplatin for the treatment of… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Laparoscopic versus open adrenalectomy for surgical adrenal disease

    Niels-Erik B. Jacobsen, Jeffrey B. Campbell, Michael G. Hobart
    Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.10, No.5, pp. 1995-1999, 2003
    Abstract Objective: To compare the intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of laparoscopic versus open adrenalectomy for surgical adrenal disease.
    Materials and methods: Prospectively collected data from 22 consecutive laparoscopic adrenalectomies, performed by one surgeon (MGH) over a period of 18 months at the Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, were reviewed. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed by both the transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches. In addition, a retrospective chart review was performed for all open adrenalectomies, performed at the same institution, over a 6 year period. Exclusion criteria were locally invasive lesions and masses greater than 8 cm in diameter. Adrenal pheochromocytomas… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Microsatellite instability in multifocal urothelial carcinoma and effect on BAX and AXIN2

    Annette M. Walsh1, Gregory G. Bailly2, David G. Bell2, Richard W. Norman2, Rekha Gupta1, Ekram Zayed1, Bassam A. Nassar1,3,*
    Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.10, No.5, pp. 2000-2006, 2003
    Abstract Objectives: Urothelial carcinomas have a synchronous or metachronous multifocal pattern of occurrence, questioning their clonal origin. Genetic alterations such as microsatellite instability (MSI) affect various tumors including urothelial cancers. These alterations can affect repeat sequences and cause mutations in coding regions of genes involved in transformation, tumor suppression and apoptosis. Recently, the eight-guanine (G8) and the seven-guanine (G7) repeat sequences of the BAX and AXIN2 genes respectively, were shown altered in different cancers. Since BAX is involved in apoptosis while the AXIN2 is involved in β-catenin metabolism, a protein involved in cell adhesion and DNA transcription, and… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    A novel rabbit model for the evaluation of biomaterial associated urinary tract infection

    Leo C.T. Fung1, Marc W. Mittelman2, Paul S. Thorner3, Antoine E. Khoury4
    Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.10, No.5, pp. 2007-2012, 2003
    Abstract Objectives: It was the objective of this study to establish an animal model which simulates the conditions of a biomaterial associated bacterial urinary tract infection.
    Methods: The curled portion of polyurethane double pig-tail ureteric stents, pre-coated with P. aeruginosa, were inserted transurethrally into the bladder in eight rabbits. Eight control animals received sterile stent material. Microbiology studies of the stent, bladder tissue, and urine, as well as bladder histopathology were evaluated.
    Results: P. aeruginosa was recovered from all stent, bladder, and urine specimens in the P. aeruginosa pre-coated stent group, and no P. aeruginosa was present in any More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    RESIDENT’S CORNER

    Anatomic variants associated with newborn circumcision complications

    Eric Mayer, Daniel J. Caruso, Murali Ankem, Mark C. Fisher, Kenneth B. Cummings, Joseph G. Barone
    Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.10, No.5, pp. 2013-2016, 2003
    Abstract Objective: Circumcision is one of the commonly performed procedures on males in the United States, Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom. The association of minor anatomic variations of the newborn genitalia in patients with minor circumcision complications has not been previously examined. In this study, we looked for an association between subtle genital anatomic variations and newborn circumcision complications.
    Materials and methods: Over an 18-month period, children presenting for circumcision revision were examined for minor variations in genital anatomy. Children referred for other urological problems during the same period comprised the control group. The same physician evaluated… More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    HOW I DO IT

    Technique of laparoscopic nephrectomy in a patient with previous urinary diversion

    Ivan Hsia, Anil Kapoor
    Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.10, No.5, pp. 2017-2019, 2003
    Abstract Laparoscopic nephrectomy is quickly becoming accepted as the standard treatment for small renal neoplasms and benign renal disease. The presence of an ileal conduit has been termed a relative contraindication to laparoscopic surgery. A 58-year old female presented with recurrent pyelonephritis and hydronephrosis of her left kidney. Surgical removal was necessary and we considered a transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy for her. The patient had an ileal conduit and it was because of this reason that only after careful consideration was it decided to attempt the surgery using the laparoscopic approach. We present our technique of transperitoneal More >

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