Open Access
REVIEW
Ren-Peng Yu1,2,3, Ou-Yang Song1, Hong Weng2,3, Yong-Bo Wang2, Bing-Hui Li2, Hao Zi4, Yu Hao1, Qiang Li1,*, Xian-Tao Zeng1,2,3,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.079426
Abstract Objective: While novel 450 nm blue laser vaporization of the prostate (BLVP) has emerged as a promising treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), comprehensive evidence-based validation remains lacking. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of BLVP for BPH. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP, and Wanfang database up to 1 September 2025 (an updated search was performed on 31 December 2025). Single-arm meta-analyses summarized the absolute efficacy and safety of BLVP. For the comparison of BLVP with… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Lucas B. Vergamini, Pedro Z. Padovani, Nicholas Choi, Wilson R. Molina, Donald Neff, David A. Duchene, Emily Elliott, Colby Souders, Maxton Thoman, Bristol B. Whiles*
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.078800
Abstract Objectives: In September 2024, Hurricane Helene caused extensive infrastructure damage in the United States, including severe disruption to a major Baxter sterile irrigation fluid manufacturing facility in North Carolina, leading to a nationwide shortage of sterile irrigation fluids used in surgical procedures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the nationwide sterile irrigation fluid shortage on urologic practice across the United States (U.S.) Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) survey was distributed to U.S. urologists. The questionnaire captured provider demographics, procedure delays, and practice/procedure modifications. Results: Ninety-five surgeons responded.… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Ahnaf J. Ahmed1, Austin J. Marrah2, Trenton G. Mayberry2, Braydon C. Cowan2, Mark R. Wakefield2,3, Yujiang Fang1,2,3,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.077527
Abstract Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) is a significant cause of secondary hypertension and kidney injury with important cardiovascular consequences. This review briefly discusses the pathophysiology of ARAS, evaluates in-depth the diagnostic performance of duplex ultrasound, computed tomography angiography, and magnetic resonance angiography, and synthesizes results from major randomized trials and observational studies to explore current treatment options. The objective is to define the current diagnostic and therapeutic landscape of ARAS in a manner that supports evidence-based clinical decision making, and identify which treatment modality may be appropriate based on clinical presentation. The preference for optimized… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Ting Zhu1,2,#, Junjie Tian3,#, Chuan Wang2, Zhishang Li2, Yanfeng Bai4, Shien Rao2, Ping Wang1,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.077709
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Molecular Imaging and Targeted Therapies for Prostate Cancer)
Abstract Backgrounds: Castleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder. While its general clinical and pathological features are well-described, detailed data on retroperitoneal CD—a diagnostically challenging location—remain scarce. This study characterizes the clinicopathological profile, management, and long-term outcomes of retroperitoneal CD. The aim of this study is to clarify the clinical and therapeutic characteristics of retroperitoneal CD, and to provide practical evidence for its accurate diagnosis and individualized management in clinical practice. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 59 patients with pathologically confirmed retroperitoneal CD (September 2010–December 2025) was conducted at a single center. Patients were classified… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Lucas Bergadá1,*, Jonatan Reyes Olivera1, Federico Ignacio Tirapegui1, Christian Cristallo1, Diego Santillán1, Guillermo Montelli Yanzi1, Melissa Segura2, José Ramos1, Ignacio Tobia1, Mariano Sebastián González1
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.077406
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Prostatic Enucleation: Current Evidence and Contemporary Practice)
Abstract Backgrounds: Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is a widely accepted technique for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Developed in the 1990s, its safety and efficiency have improved with adenoma morcellation. Multiple morcellation devices exist, with oscillatory systems offering higher efficiency and safety. Notable among these are the DrillCut Storz™ (DC) and the Multicut SOLO Jena Surgical™ (MC). Currently, evidence on the efficiency of MC is limited, and no comparative analysis exists between oscillatory morcellators. The objective of this study is to compare the morcellation efficiency (g/min) of the DC and the MC. A… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Xiaokai Shi, Li Zuo*
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.074350
Abstract Background: Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic condition characterized by frequent urination, urgency, and pelvic pain. While its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, the prevailing epithelial theory suggests that a defective glycosaminoglycan (GAG) layer increases bladder permeability, allowing urinary toxins to chronically stimulate the detrusor muscle and activate mast cells. Current therapies, such as intravesical hyaluronic acid instillation, have demonstrated limited efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of sterile recombinant human collagen type III (rHCIII) in mitigating bladder injury and its histological effects on urothelial integrity. Method: An IC rat model was established using… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Marie-Elise Henckes, Ben Van Cleynenbreugel*
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.072379
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances and Evolving Techniques in Functional Urology)
Abstract Objectives: This study aims to assess the precision of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) measurement of the prostate volume when performed by a urologist compared with a radiologist. To date, no prior research has directly compared the accuracy of prostate volume measurements between these two groups. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using data from 307 men who underwent enucleation of the prostate between 2020 and 2022 in two Belgian hospitals (University Hospital Leuven and Maria Middelares Hospital [Ghent]). A comparison was made between the prostate volume measured on ultrasound pre-operatively and the measured resected volume after… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Crystal Su1, Barrett Carley1, Casandra Gardner1, Andrea Shepherd1, Adrian Wagg2,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.079016
Abstract Backgrounds: Urinary incontinence (UI) is increasingly prevalent, particularly in older adults. UI management is frequently under-resourced and is associated with the development of potentially avoidable complications, placing a significant burden on the patient and on the healthcare system. This study aimed to estimate the cost of UI-related complications in Canada. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review using PubMed, Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) data and citation mining to identify the prevalence of UI, UI-related complications, and associated treatment costs across each of acute care, long-term care (LTC), homecare and self/family care. UI-related complications… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Carla Simone Moreira Freitas1,2,*, Fabiana Rocha-Silva2, Thaís Almeida Marques-Silva2, Ana Carolina Ribeiro de Oliveira1, Sérgio Gomes da Silva1,3,4, Fabrizio dos Santos Cardoso1,5, Aleida Nazareth Soares2
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.069559
Abstract Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is widely employed in the management of advanced prostate cancer, with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists such as leuprolide and goserelin being common options. However, pharmacological and metabolic differences between these agents may affect the efficacy of hormonal suppression and adverse event profiles. This study compared the effects of leuprolide (22.5 and 45 mg) and goserelin (10.8 mg) on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and testosterone reduction, as well as their metabolic and cardiovascular impacts and the influence of genetic variants on therapeutic response. Methods: A prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Tiffany R. Huang1,*, Bruce M. Gao1, Aymon Ali1, Mariah C. Hernandez1, Christopher D. Yang1, Jonathan Badin-Castro1, Carol Davis-Dao1,2, Helen Gao1, Seyedamirvala Saadat1, Seyed Amiryaghoub M. Lavasani1, Sohrab N. Ali1, Pengbo Jiang1, Roshan M. Patel1, Jaime Landman1, Ralph V. Clayman1,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.077477
Abstract Background: Ureteroscopy is the recommended surgical treatment for renal stones less than two centimeters in diameter but often leaves residual fragments, increasing the risk of stone recurrence. Autologous blood coagulum is a potential adjunct to ureteroscopy for aiding fragment retrieval. This study evaluates the efficacy and efficiency of autologous blood coagulum assisted ureteroscopy compared to ureteroscopy and basketing for achieving absolute stone-free Grade A status. Methods: Following Institutional Review Board approval, a retrospective review of our comprehensive UC Irvine Minimally Invasive Surgery Ureteroscopy database consisting of 962 patients undergoing ureteroscopy between 2018 to 2025 identified… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Sri Saran Manivasagam, Joseph Y. Clark, Jay D. Raman*
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.078196
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Diagnosis and Management of Bladder Cancer: From Molecular Insights to Therapeutic Innovations)
Abstract Objectives: Postoperative ileus (POI) after radical cystectomy (RC) is a common complication that carries significant morbidity. Prolonged antibiotic usage has been associated with an elevated risk of POI. The American Urological Association guidelines recommend that only a single dose of peri-procedural antibiotic prophylaxis is sufficient. This study aims to evaluate the association between oral antibiotic bowel preparation (ABP) and prolonged surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) (>24 h) with postoperative ileus (POI) following radical cystectomy (RC). Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program procedure-targeted RC dataset was… More >
Open Access
HOW I DO IT
Giovanni Mosiello1, Martina Monti1,2,*, Rebecca Pulvirenti1, Noemi Deanesi1,3, Antonio Maria Zaccara1, Chiara Pellegrino1, Maria Luisa Capitanucci1
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.079335
Abstract Pediatric patients with functional or anatomical lower urinary tract obstruction, including neurogenic bladder, require effective bladder drainage to maintain low intravesical pressures, prevent infections, and preserve renal function. Clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) is the standard approach, but it is not always feasible due to patient- or anatomy-related factors. In these cases, continent or non-continent urinary diversion techniques are considered. Among non-continent options, vesicostomy has traditionally been used but is associated with significant morbidity and long-term complications. The cystostomy button (CB), originally developed for enteral feeding, has emerged as a minimally invasive, catheterizable alternative for bladder More >
Open Access
CASE REPORT
Jianlin Xie1,#, Qingwei Zhang1,#, Jingde Wu1, Yingjun Ma2, Yujie Yan2, Xiande Huang3,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.076571
Abstract Background: Primary urethral malignant melanoma is an extremely rare malignancy of mucosal origin. Its clinical manifestations are non-specific, often leading to misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis. Due to its highly aggressive nature and propensity for early metastasis, patient prognosis is generally poor. Case description: This case report describes an 81-year-old Chinese female patient who presented to the Department of Urology at Gansu Provincial Hospital with the chief complaint of “a black mass at the external urethral meatus accompanied by urinary incontinence for two months. Physical examination revealed a dark, protruding mass at the external urethral orifice. Imaging… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Usman Khalid1, Nikhil Shah1, Rajesh Kavia2, Deepak Batura2,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.074820
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advancing the Diagnosis and Treatment of Urological Diseases through Big Data)
Abstract Bladder cancer (BCa) diagnosis relies heavily on cystoscopy and imaging. Both have limited sensitivity and accuracy, particularly for muscle-invasive disease. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool for improving detection, grading, and staging by extracting imaging features that exceed human perception. We conducted a narrative review of peer-reviewed, English-language studies published between 2015 and 2025. We identified 75 articles and synthesized data from 35 key studies retrieved via PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Embase. Data were synthesized narratively, emphasizing diagnostic performance, clinical relevance, and study limitations. In cystoscopy, AI models achieved high accuracy… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Derrick Tsang1, Ioannis Loufopoulos2, Konstantinos Kapriniotis1,*, Hannah Danbury2, Ioannis Manolitsis3, Stamatios Katsimperis3, Senol Tonyali4, Patrick Juliebø-Jones5, Lazaros Tzelves2, Neha Sihra6, James Green1
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.075625
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances and Evolving Techniques in Functional Urology)
Abstract Ketamine is a potent anaesthetic drug that has been used for decades. Ketamine abuse is an increasingly common problem, particularly among young people. Over one quarter of ketamine users will have at least one bothersome urological symptom, with heavier and longer use leading to potentially irreversible damage to the lower and upper urinary tract. Hence, this study carried out a narrative review focusing on ketamine-induced uropathy pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment options. It was found that ketamine uropathy is an inflammatory condition affecting predominantly the bladder but also the upper urinary tracts. A hypersensitivity reaction… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Aaron R. Hochberg1,2, Monika Shirodkar3, Brian H. Im1,2, Xiaoying Deng4, Fitsum T. Hailemariam4, Sohan S. Shah2, Rasheed A. M. Thompson1, Francisco Aguirre1, Patrick T. Gomella1, Mihir S. Shah1, Costas D. Lallas1, Adam R. Metwalli1,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.069461
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Integrating Innovation into Clinical Practice: Advances in the Multidisciplinary Care of Genitourinary Cancers)
Abstract Objectives: Despite practice guidelines recommending hormonal testing for all cases of incidentally discovered adrenal adenomas (incidentalomas), only 30% of patients receive laboratory workup. This study sought to evaluate hormonal testing and adrenal surgery rates in incidentaloma patients seen by a specialist (endocrinologist, nephrologist, urologist, or general surgeon), compared to those not seen by a specialist. Methods: We identified incidentaloma cases by querying the TriNetX Research Network for all adult patients with an unspecified adrenal mass occurring within 1 month following abdominal imaging. We compared those seen by a specialist against those not following an incidentaloma… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Attilio Barretta1,2,*, Angelo Mottaran1, Nicolas Carl2, Francesco Prata2,3, Sara Tamburini1,2, Edoardo Beatrici2, Mario De Angelis2,4, Francesco Cei2,4, Natali Rodriguez Peñaranda2, Francesco Pepillo2, Alessio Guidotti2, Vincenzo Cavarra2, Claudio Brancelli2, Pietro Pasquini2, Pietro Piazza1, Cristian Vincenzo Pultrone1, Hussam Dababneh1, Lorenzo Bianchi1, Alessandro Larcher4, Alexandre Mottrie2, Rocco Papalia3, Riccardo Schiavina1
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.078354
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Technological Advances and Surgical Precision in Robotic Kidney Cancer Surgery)
Abstract Objectives: Complex cystic renal lesions pose a significant diagnostic challenge in the preoperative assessment of malignancy. Although percutaneous renal mass biopsy is well established for solid tumours diagnosis, its role in cystic lesions remains controversial. This systematic review aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance, safety, and clinical impact of percutaneous sampling—fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy (CNB)—in Bosniak III–IV renal cysts. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines [International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) ID CRD420251124563]. PubMed/MEDLINE (Medical Literature… More >
Open Access
CASE REPORT
Felix Lübbersmeyer, Paula Lindfeld, Margit Fisch, Roland Dahlem, Markus Von Deimling*
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.076969
Abstract Backgrounds: Ewing Sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive pediatric bone tumor requiring multimodal treatment. Primary renal ES is extremely rare and often presents with nonspecific symptoms, potentially delaying diagnosis. Imaging aids detection, while histopathological and molecular analyses confirm the diagnosis. Case description: We report on a 31-year-old female who was initially treated for pyelonephritis. As computerized tomography suggested a malignant kidney tumor with an extensive inferior vena cava thrombus, nephrectomy and caval ligation were performed. Histopathology and further staging confirmed primary renal ES, which was subsequently treated with adjuvant polychemotherapy. Conclusions: The present case highlights the variable More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Andres H. Guillen Lozoya, Milad Bonakdarhashemi, Sevann Helo, Matthew Ziegelmann, Tobias Kohler*
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.075775
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advancements in Men's Health: The Latest in Andrology, Male Infertility, and Sexual Medicine)
Abstract Erectile dysfunction (ED) has evolved from a quality-of-life concern to a recognized marker of systemic vascular disease and an early harbinger of cardiovascular events. The Princeton IV Consensus underscores that men presenting with erectile dysfunction should be presumed at increased cardiovascular risk until proven otherwise, advocating integrated risk stratification and lifestyle optimization. Beyond established risk scores, advances in omics, vascular imaging, and digital health promise precision tools for early detection and prevention. This review aims to examine erectile dysfunction as an early marker of cardiovascular disease and to summarize current and emerging approaches to cardiovascular More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Samer Shamout1, Hani Kabbara2, Claudia Covarrubias3, Jacques Corcos1, Lysanne Campeau1,2,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.073432
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances and Evolving Techniques in Functional Urology)
Abstract Background: Onabotulinum toxin-A (BoNT/A) intradetrusor injection is an established, effective, and safe treatment for overactive bladder (OAB) refractory to anticholinergics. Although primary non-response to BoNT/A is infrequent, it remains clinically relevant. We investigated whether baseline clinical, demographic, or urodynamic characteristics could predict non-responders prior to treatment. Methods: A Retrospective analysis of 65 consecutive refractory idiopathic OAB (I-OAB) male and female patients treated with 100 U BoNT/A at Jewish General Hospital between 2005 and 2015 was conducted. Response defined as >30% increase in maximum cystometric bladder capacity (MCBC) at 12 weeks, confirmed clinically and through urodynamic… More >
Open Access
EDITORIAL
Kevin R. Loughlin
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.078441
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Samuel Tremblay1,#,*, Seyed Sajjad Tabei2,#, Shima Tayebi3, Benjamin H. Hinrichs4, Alon Lazarovich1, Jason Koehler3, Wei-Wen Hsu5, Sadhna Verma3, Abhinav Sidana1
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.075779
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Non-Radical Treatment for Prostate Cancer: A New Approach)
Abstract Background: Focal therapy (FT) is an emerging treatment modality for localized prostate cancer. However, limited data are available regarding the patterns of oncologic failure post-FT. This study aims to characterize the features of oncologic failure and salvage strategies following FT. Methods: Patients presenting with pathologic failure (PF) after receiving FT (cryotherapy, High-intensity focused ultrasound, or irreversible electroporation) for intermediate-risk prostate cancer were selected from a prospective registry between 2018 and 2023. All patients underwent protocol-based follow-up, including PSA testing, multiparametric MRI, and mandatory biopsy. The primary outcome was PF, defined as biopsy-confirmed Grade Group ≥2… More >
Open Access
CASE REPORT
Ramya Narasimhan1, Kikuye Sugiyama2,*, Joanna Wang3, Ricardo Munarriz3, Carmen Sarita-Reyes1
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.072310
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Prostate Cancer: Biomarkers, Diagnosis and Treatment)
Abstract Background: The incidence rate of prostate adenocarcinoma in the United States was 112 per 100,000 in 2019. Men aged 65 to 74 years had a higher incidence rate (638 per 100,000), and 70% of the cases were detected locally (confined to the primary site) per the United States Cancer Statistics. While rare, prostate adenocarcinoma metastasis to the penis has variable presentation and potentially atypical histology that may require immunohistochemical, biomarker, and genetic analysis for confident diagnosis. Case Description: We present a 56-year-old patient with advanced prostate cancer post-chemoradiation and androgen deprivation therapy with an uncommon site… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Volkan Sabur1,*, Abdullah Gölbaşı2
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.074330
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Prostatic Enucleation: Current Evidence and Contemporary Practice)
Abstract Background: Recurrent prostate surgery may pose additional challenges for achieving an efficient and anatomically precise enucleation. This research investigates how prior transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) affects the perioperative course, functional outcomes, and technical difficulty of Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP) when performed as a primary procedure versus as a salvage treatment. Methods: In this retrospective study, 174 patients who underwent HoLEP between August 2023 and April 2025 were analyzed. Group 1 included 137 patients undergoing primary HoLEP, and group 2 included 37 patients undergoing HoLEP for TURP recurrence. Outcomes assessed included enucleation… More >
Open Access
CASE REPORT
Alberto Zambudio-Munuera1, María del Carmen Cano-Garcia1,2, Africa Navarro-Garcia1, Jose Luis Martin-Rodriguez3,4, Miguel Angel Arrabal-Polo1,2,4,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.077945
Abstract Background: Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a congenital overgrowth disorder that may be associated with renal abnormalities, although benign renal manifestations presenting in adulthood are less well characterized. Case description: We report the case of a 20-year-old woman with genetically confirmed BWS who was diagnosed with medullary sponge kidney (MSK) during adulthood after imaging evaluation for suspected renal abnormalities. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and intravenous urography demonstrated characteristic medullary collecting duct dilatation with nephrocalcinosis, consistent with MSK, associated with hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia. Medical management with thiazide diuretics and potassium citrate achieved metabolic control and stable imaging findings. Conclusion: More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Jonathan J. Song1, I-Chun (Jinn) Thomas2, Amber Herbert3, Calyani Ganesan2,3,4, Alan C. Pao2,3,4, Timothy Chang2,3, Ryan R. Sun3, John T Leppert2,3,4, Simon L Conti3,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.074683
Abstract Background: The prevalence of urinary stone disease (USD) is increasing among older patients. Data examining the association between patient age and clinical outcomes following surgical treatment for USD are limited. Our objective was to assess the safety profiles of ureteroscopy (URS), extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for USD by age in an older patient population. Methods: We retrospectively identified all patients who underwent URS, ESWL, and PCNL for USD from 2010 to 2019 in the Veterans Health Administration. We fit multivariable logistic regression models to determine the association between age and… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Liliana Guadagni1, Marco Falcone2,3,4, Lorenzo Cirigliano2,5,*, Ilaria Ferro2, Mirko Preto2, Natalia Plamadeala2, Martina Scavone2, Emanuele Zupo2, Paolo Gontero2
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.076284
Abstract Background: Testicular prosthesis implantation (TPI) is frequently performed as part of masculinizing genital gender-affirming surgery (GGAS), but complication and satisfaction data for assigned female at birth (AFAB) men remain limited. We report a single-centre experience assessing postoperative complications, explantation-free survival (EFS) and patient-reported satisfaction. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study including all patients who underwent unilateral or bilateral transmasculine TPI (TM-TPI) from May 2007 to April 2025. Primary outcomes were postoperative complications (e.g., surgical-site infection, contamination, hematoma, migration, pain, extrusion) and EFS rate. Satisfaction was measured at 12 months using the 13-item Transmasculine Testicular… More >
Open Access
Alberto Olivero1,*, Sofia Giudici2, Alberto Caviglia1, Erika Palagonia1, Marco Nizzardo3, Alberto Quistini3, Andrea Grasso4, Ofir Maltzman1, Marco Colombo5, Stefano Tappero1, Elio Mazzone1, Paolo Dell’Oglio1, Aldo Massimo Bocciardi1, Antonio Galfano1, Silvia Secco1
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.076804
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances and Evolving Techniques in Functional Urology)
Abstract Background: Minimally invasive surgical techniques (MISTs) are becoming an increasingly popular outpatient treatment option for lower urinary tract symptoms. Although generally well-tolerated, MISTs may cause periprocedural discomfort. Virtual reality devices (VRDs) have been shown to reduce patient-reported pain during several procedures. This study aims to evaluate whether the use of VRD during MISTs could improve perioperative endovenous sedation needs of a VRD during MISTs in a case-control design. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patient data from MISTs performed between January 2024 and July 2025 at a single referral center (ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy).… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Nicola Fazaa1,#, Kamil Malshy2,#,*, Yuval Shafran1, Ameer Nsair1, Etan Eigner1, Melissa Atallah1, Shadie Badaan1, Kirolos Meilika2, Ariel Zisman1
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.076687
Abstract Urethral stricture disease remains a challenging clinical entity within contemporary urology, requiring interventions that achieve sustained urethral patency while preserving functional outcomes. Established modalities such as urethral dilation, endoscopic urethrotomy, and urethroplasty using autologous grafts provide effective treatment for many patients. However, they are constrained by morbidity, graft contraction, and suboptimal success in complex or recurrent strictures. These inherent limitations have stimulated growing investigation of therapeutic strategies. Among device-based innovations, drug-coated balloon dilation, exemplified by the Optilume™, combines mechanical expansion with localized antiproliferative drug delivery and represents a significant evolution in endoscopic management. Pharmacologic adjuncts… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Tyler Overholt Daniel1,*, David Thole2, Randy Casals3, Anthony Atala3, Steve Hodges3, Marc Colaco3
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.074059
Abstract Objectives: Day of surgery cancellations present several workflow challenges that result in delay of care for patients and revenue loss for physicians. This study aimed to further understand same-day pediatric urology surgical cancellations, and the authors assessed identifiable trends for quality improvement over a one-year time period. Methods: Same-day surgical cancellations were prospectively identified at a single tertiary care center, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, from 01 October 2022 to 30 September 2023. Reasons for cancellation were recorded per the parent/legal guardian and categorized as an avoidable or unavoidable cause. Demographic data, surgical rescheduling, and… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Xiaoxiao Guo1,2,#, Mingyu Chang1,2,#, Gangyue Hao1,2, Fengbo Zhang3,*, Haoran Xia1,2,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.075599
Abstract Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is prevalent among aging men. Whether exposure to internet-derived health information is associated with disease awareness and symptom burden at initial diagnosis remains unclear. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 400 newly diagnosed BPH outpatients. Participants were classified by prior exposure to internet-derived BPH content. BPH awareness and International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS) were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test and multivariate linear regression adjusted for age, education, and disposable income. Stratified analyses were performed according to educational attainment, disposable income, and content format. Results: Exposure to internet-derived BPH content… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Daxun Luo#, Bixiao Wang#, Haifeng Song, Chaoyue Ji, Weiguo Hu, Bo Xiao, Boxing Su, Yubao Liu*, Jianxing Li*
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.076790
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Endoscopic Management of Urolithiasis)
Abstract Objectives: Urinary stone composition critically influences treatment selection and recurrence prevention, yet current intraoperative assessment remains imprecise. This study aims to achieve intraoperative prediction of stone composition by applying a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to routinely captured endoscopic images. Methods: We retrospectively studied endoscopic images from stone-breaking surgeries in Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital during 2022-12–2024-12. Images were captured before and after laser lithotripsy. Based on postoperative infrared spectroscopy, stones were divided into five categories. In total, 1780 images (1167 from RIRS, 613 from PCNL) were included and split into training and testing sets at… More >
Open Access
CASE REPORT
Jianlin Xie1,#, Jingde Wu1, Qingwei Zhang1, Yuanqi Guo1, Xiande Huang2,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.075856
Abstract Background: Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (CNDI) is most frequently caused by mutations in the AVPR2 gene. Patients exhibit persistent polyuria due to renal insensitivity to antidiuretic hormone. Chronic high urine output predisposes to bladder dysfunction and upper urinary-tract dilatation, notably hydronephrosis. Although pharmacotherapy can partially reduce urine volume, its capacity to reverse established hydronephrosis is limited. Clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), a mainstay in managing neurogenic bladder, warrants investigation regarding its utility in CNDI-associated hydronephrosis.
Case Description: A 9-year-old Chinese boy presented with lifelong polydipsia and polyuria, with a peak 24-h urine output of approximately 7100 mL. Renal ultrasonography… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Mutlay Sayan1,*, Yetkin Tuac2, Zhiyu Qian3,4, Alexander P. Cole3,4, Jonathan E. Leeman1, Martin T. King1, Paul L. Nguyen1, Anthony V. D’Amico1
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.074677
Abstract Objectives: Under-grading exists in up to 7% of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer (PC). We assessed whether underrepresented race and ethnicity disproportionately increased the odds of adverse pathology at RP in patients with biopsy Gleason score 6 or 7 PC at high-risk for upgrading and/or upstaging at RP based on age and PC indices at presentation. Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 76,474 patients in the National Cancer Database (2015–2021) with biopsy Gleason score 6 or 7 N0M0 PC. Odds ratio (OR) at RP of adverse pathology defined as prostatectomy (p) Gleason… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Mehmet Adıyeke1, Suna Yıldırım Karaca1, S. Anil Ari1, Rüyam Ercenk1, Mücahit Furkan Balci2, İbrahim Karaca1,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.074502
Abstract Objectives: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a prevalent condition that impairs quality of life; while midurethral sling (MUS) surgery is the standard treatment, intraurethral bulking injection offers a minimally invasive alternative. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of intraurethral cross-linked hyaluronic acid/dextranomer (CLHA/Dx, DEXSUI®) injection with midurethral sling surgery in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women. Methods: This retrospective study included women who presented with stress urinary incontinence to İzmir Bakırçay University, Çiğli Training and Research Hospital between January 2024 and June 2025. Patients underwent either midurethral sling surgery or intraurethral… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Ernest A. Morton*, Reza Lahiji, Elizabeth Chu, William Luke, Vivian I. Anyaeche, Dattatraya Patil, Akanksha Mehta, Shreyas S. Joshi, Taylor A. Goodstein, Valentina Grajales, Mohammad Hajiha
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.073853
Abstract Objectives: Prostate cancer (PCa) progression is influenced by a myriad of germline and/or somatic variants estimated to occur in 4.6%–11.8% of patients. Identified pathogenic variants may carry implications for treatment selection and prognosis. Despite the importance of genetic testing, referrals to counselling remain underutilized by urologists. This study aimed to understand referral patterns, testing uptake, and genetic results among men with PCa at a single large academic center. Methods: Records from 2010 to 2022 at Emory University were reviewed to identify men undergoing prostate biopsy and subsequent genetic counselling (CPT 96040). Referrals were confirmed as… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Minkai Xie#, Chong Liu#, Ziwei Wei*, Bin Xu*
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.073929
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Urinary Tract Injuries: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management)
Abstract Objectives: Current surgical interventions for pelvic fracture urethral injury (PFUI) are constrained by multiple limitations. This study aimed to introduce the prior exposure maneuvers urethroplasty (PEM-U) in complex posterior anastomotic urethroplasty for PFUI. Methods: From February 2018 to March 2023 at Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, 78 patients with complex PFUI underwent transperineal anastomotic urethroplasty, 39 patients of whom underwent classic Webster urethral urethroplasty in which bodies splitting or an inferior pubectomy after transection of bulbar urethra (Group A), and the other 39 patients underwent improved urethral urethroplasty (Group B), in which using PEM-U (corporeal bodies… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Guancan Liang#, Jian Pan#, Ruixiang Dai, Ziyi Lin, Xunbao Wang, Teng Hou, Zhicheng Luo, Xiaoming Wang*
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.074252
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: From Mechanisms to Models: Data-Driven Innovation in Urological Disease Research)
Abstract Background: The causal link between mental illness and prostatitis remains inconclusive, largely due to heterogeneity and potential confounders. This study explored the causal link between mental illness and prostatitis in men using Mendelian randomization (MR), and offered recommendations for enhancing future research. Methods: Publicly accessible genome-wide association study (GWAS) data were accessed via the IEU OpenGWAS platform and FinnGen database for this research. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach served as the primary Mendelian randomization analysis, while MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode methods were additionally applied to evaluate potential relationships between prostatitis… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Sezgin Yeni1,*, Hakan Kilicarslan2, Bertan Tanrıbuyurdu2, Levent Turan2, Hatice Ortac3, Onur Kaygisiz2
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.072974
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Innovations and Future Directions in the Surgical Management of Urinary Stone Disease)
Abstract Objectives: Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) has become an increasingly preferred minimally invasive option for the management of kidney stones. However, postoperative pain remains a major clinical concern that may adversely affect patient comfort and recovery. This study aimed to evaluate whether intraluminal administration of lidocaine at the end of RIRS could effectively reduce postoperative pain and analgesic requirements. Methods: A total of 61 patients who underwent RIRS between March and July 2024 were evaluated. Four patients were excluded due to residual stones, and five due to a history of cardiac arrhythmia, leaving 52 patients for… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Sofia Fontanet*, Julio F. Calderón-Cortéz, Edgar Suquilanda, Fernando Gaona, Alejandro García Navarro, Marta Piqueras
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.074254
Abstract Objectives: Nowadays, bladder neck contracture treatment reported is both bladder neck incisions and resection. Also, different energies have been described. This study aimed to describe and compare surgical techniques and energy sources used in Hospital Universitari de Vic. Methods: retrospective study of patients with a diagnosis of bladder neck contracture that required endoscopic surgical treatment between 2000 and 2024. Preoperative, operative, and postoperative characteristics were analysed. At the end of follow-up, the patient’s status was asymptomatic, under urethral dilatations, or with a permanent catheter. Results: 60 patients were included. Mean age was 71.1 years (SD =… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Yubao Liu, Haifeng Song, Zheng Xu, Weiguo Hu, Bo Xiao, Gang Zhang, Boxing Su, Bixiao Wang, Jianxing Li*
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.070417
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Urolithiasis in Focus: Integrated Perspectives on Infection, Metabolic Dysfunction, and Contemporary Management)
Abstract Objective: The pressure fluctuations during retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) can cause related complications, so precise monitoring and control of intrarenal pressure (IRP) play an important role. This study aimed to assess the clinical value of a Chinese-made disposable pressure-measuring flexible ureteroscope in monitoring IRP during RIRS for upper urinary tract stones <2 cm, and analyze factors affecting IRP. Methods: In this prospective single-arm study, 35 patients (38 renal units) underwent RIRS. Mean age was 42.3 ± 6.1 years, body mass index (BMI) 24.2 ± 2.6 kg/m², and maximum stone diameter 1.6 ± 0.4 cm. Stones… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
James T. Kearns*, Cecilia Chang, Chi Wang, Christopher Ward, Henry M. Dunnenberger, Kristian Novakovic, Alexander P. Glaser, Brian T. Helfand
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.073852
Abstract Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) are common in aging men and are often concomitant. The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether Aquablation in men with BPH and early-stage PCa resulted in improvements in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and urinary quality of life (QoL) similar to men with only BPH. Furthermore, we explored active surveillance (AS) cancer outcomes in men undergoing Aquablation compared with a control AS population. Methods: Two prospective IRB (institutional review board)-approved databases were used to investigate outcomes in men with GG1 PCa on AS and… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Sin Woo Lee*, Seung-Kwon Choi
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.073355
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Urolithiasis in Focus: Integrated Perspectives on Infection, Metabolic Dysfunction, and Contemporary Management)
Abstract Background: Postoperative infections are an emerging concern in endourology. This study reports an outbreak of urinary tract infections associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in patients who underwent stone removal surgery using flexible ureteroscopy (FURS) at Seoul Medical Center. Methods: Between August and December 2024, five patients who underwent FURS performed by the same surgeon developed postoperative febrile episodes requiring further treatment. Urine cultures from four patients revealed an outbreak of multidrug-resistant PA, prompting environmental cultures and an inspection of the instrument reprocessing procedures led by the hospital’s infection control department. Results: Although PA was not isolated from… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Sinan Kılıç*
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.072049
Abstract Objectives: Testicular torsion is the most common surgical cause of an acute scrotum. Manuel detorsion renewed attention as a practical initial treatment, particularly in the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze the current literature to determine whether manual detorsion offers a viable alternative to immediate surgery in improving testicular salvage rates. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251039489). Studies including ≥30 male patients comparing manual detorsion and surgical exploration were included. Searches were performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, TR Index, and… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
CASE REPORT
Shao-Chen Su, Yi-Sheng Lin*, Zhon-Min Huang*, Chao-Yu Hsu, Yen-Chuan Ou
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.073769
Abstract Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a globally prevalent infectious disease, including in Taiwan. Prostatic TB is a rare manifestation of genitourinary tuberculosis (GU-TB), which is the third most common extrapulmonary form of the disease. However, due to its insidious onset and non-specific symptoms, prostatic TB is often diagnosed late. Case Description: We report a case of a 72-year-old male patient who presented with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and painful scrotal swelling. Following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), histopathological examination revealed prostatic TB. The patient subsequently had abdominal cramping and diarrhea. A colonoscopy detected an ulcer-like More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Arif Kol1, Hüseyin Günizi2,*, Özlem Ceren Günizi3
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.070231
Abstract Objective: Sambucus nigra (SN) has been found to exhibit strong antioxidant properties and anti-inflammatory effects. In our study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Sambucus nigra extracts (SNe) in interstitial cystitis, a condition in which inflammation plays a significant role in its pathophysiology. Methods: Thirty Wistar albino adult female rats were used in this study. All rats were housed at an average room temperature of 23°C, with a 12-h light/dark cycle, and had ad libitum access to food. The rats were divided into three groups: Group 1 (n = 10): Control (sham) group, Group 2 (n… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Jinwei Mao1,, Jie Deng2, Xiqi Peng2, Xunbao Wang2, Song Wu1,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.072113
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: From Mechanisms to Models: Data-Driven Innovation in Urological Disease Research)
Abstract Background: Concealed penis (CP) is a common congenital condition in pediatric urology, and surgical correction remains the mainstay of treatment. The modified Devine procedure (MDP) has been increasingly used, but its comparative safety and effectiveness relative to the traditional Devine procedure (TDP) remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the safety and effectiveness of the MDP with the TDP for the treatment of pediatric CP. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 and AMSTAR guidelines. Prospective, retrospective, and randomized controlled studies comparing MDP and TDP for pediatric CP… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Erdem Öztürk, Tuncel Uzel, Mustafa Işikdoğan*, İsa Dağli, Nurullah Hamİdİ, Halil Başar
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.071101
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advancing Early Detection of Prostate Cancer: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Directions)
Abstract Background: The European Association of Urology (EAU) recommends transperineal biopsy (TPBx) due to its lower infection risk and higher diagnostic rate for anterior zone tumors. This study aims to assess the learning curve of TPBx using the Perino-Flex® angle-adjustable needle guide under local anesthesia. Methods: A retrospective observational analysis was conducted from November 2023 to March 2024, involving 100 patients who underwent TPBx with coaxial technique under local anesthesia. Data collected included patient demographics, procedure and room times, pain levels, anxiety scores, and complications. The study focused on comparing procedure times, pain scores, and complication rates… More >
Open Access
CASE REPORT
Nicole Handa*, Matthew T. Hudnall, Channa Amarasekera
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.070415
Abstract Background: Penile constriction rings are most used for sexual pleasure and the management of sexual dysfunction. However, they pose a risk of injury and can be challenging to remove when strangulation occurs. Case Description: We present a case of a patient with urinary retention and a strangulation injury from a penile constriction ring present for 19 h before initial presentation. Multiple attempts to remove the penile ring were unsuccessful, and ultimately, operative management was required. Conclusions: We describe an effective technique for the removal of a stainless-steel penile constriction ring using a Stryker 505 power revision More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Jessica L. Wenzel1, Wesley H. Chou1,*, Eric J. Robinson2, Solange Bassale3, Paul Jones4, Sudhir Isharwal1,3, Christopher L. Amling1,3, Kamran P. Sajadi1, Jen-Jane Liu1,3
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.071079
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >
Open Access
CASE REPORT
Ao Li1,#, Cai Tang2,#, Xin Wei3,*, Feng Liu1,*
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.070366
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Decoding Renal Development: From Molecular Blueprints to Reconstructive Innovations)
Abstract Background: Ureteroenteric anastomotic stricture is a common complication after ureteral diversion with radical cystectomy, which leads to hydronephrosis, infection, and chronic renal failure. Although ureteroneocystostomy is reliable, its high degree of invasion often causes great damage and postoperative complications in patients. Therefore, we offer a new endoscopic approach with relatively limited invasion for severe obstructions such as ureteroenteric anastomotic atresia. Case Description: A 65-year-old man underwent radical cystectomy and urinary diversion of orthotopic neobladder and standardized chemotherapy for high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Severe left hydronephrosis was then detected due to ureteroenteric anastomotic atresia. Percutaneous nephrostomy was… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Francesco Claps1,2,*, Miguel Ramírez-Backhaus1, Álvaro Gómez-Ferrer1, Juan Manuel Mascarós1, Argimiro Collado Serra1, Augusto Wong1, Ana Calatrava Fons3, Miguel Ángel Climent4, Antonio Amodeo2, Angelo Porreca5, Jose Rubio-Briones1,6
Canadian Journal of Urology, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.070162
Abstract Objectives: Residual Disease after adjuvant chemotherapy for non-seminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) poses a significant clinical challenge and difficulties in tailored management. This study aimed to externally validate the Heidenreich criteria among patients eligible for unilateral post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC-RPLND) for residual masses of NSGCT. Methods: For validation, these criteria were retrospectively applied in 23 patients undergoing PC-RPLND for residual masses of NSGCTs. In patients qualified for unilateral-modified PC-RPLND according to the Heidenreich criteria but treated with fully bilateral dissection, pathological reports were evaluated to identify teratoma or active cancer cells inside the… More >
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