Open Access

EDITORIAL

Gabriel P. Haas
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.6, pp. 4345-4345, 2008
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LEGENDS IN UROLOGY

Fritz H. Schröder
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.6, pp. 4346-4348, 2008
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ARTICLE

Barry A. Kogan
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.6, pp. 4349-4352, 2008
Abstract The American Board of Urology (ABU) has a very distinct mission that is often misunderstood by urologists in the community. In addition, there is an enormous number of acronyms associated with the ABU. In this paper, I will attempt to explain the workings of the ABU and to defi ne and explain the acronyms.
The mission of the ABU is to act for the benefi t of the public to insure a high quality, safe, effi cient, and ethical practice of urology by establishing and maintaining standards of certifi cation for urologists. The ABU views More >

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ARTICLE

Jack Barkin
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.6, pp. 4353-4358, 2008
Abstract Symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the commonest causes of men presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). We can fi nd this in 50% of men over the age of fi fty. If BPH is not treated, then one can expect that the disease will progress in a signifi cant number of individuals. What we need to do is try to predict, based on certain baseline parameters such as International Prostate Score (IPSS), prostate volume, prostate-specifi c antigen (PSA) and the degree of bother, those men to whom we should offer therapy. More >

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ARTICLE

Ross Bauer, Ronald Kaufman, Badar M. Mian
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.6, pp. 4359-4362, 2008
Abstract Lower urinary tract symptoms in men usually include symptoms of bladder overactivity such as urinary frequency, urgency or nocturia. These are often the initial presenting symptoms for men seeking medical attention for urinary dysfunction. The prevalence of overactive bladder in men is similar to women and increases with advancing age. While women with these symptoms are treated primarily with anticholinergic therapy, there is reluctance to use these agents in men due to concerns regarding worsening obstructive symptoms or urinary retention exacerbated by a large prostate. For men, alpha blocker monotherapy remains the primary therapy for More >

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ARTICLE

Shahrokh F. Shariat, Peter T. Scardino, Hans Lilja
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.6, pp. 4363-4374, 2008
Abstract The introduction of total prostate-specifi c antigen (tPSA) testing in serum has revolutionized the detection and management of men with prostate cancer. This review will highlight some of the exciting new developments in the fi eld of prostate cancer screening in general and from our SPORE research program at Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. First, it is important to understand that the inherent variability of tPSA levels affects the interpretation of any single results. Total variation in tPSA includes both analytical (i.e., pre-analytical sample handling, laboratory processing, assay performance, and standardization) and biological variation (i.e., metabolism,… More >

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ARTICLE

Bilal Chughtai, Badar M. Mian
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.6, pp. 4375-4380, 2008
Abstract Advances in the early detection and treatment of prostate cancer have progressed far beyond our ability to identify patients with high risk prostate cancer. In general, designation of high risk prostate cancer implies the presence of disease that is likely become progressive or lethal if not managed aggressively. Without proper risk stratifi cation, there is a signifi cant likelihood of both overtreatments of men with low risk disease and undertreatment for men with high risk cancer. The major issues surrounding the clinical management of high risk prostate cancer revolve around the defi nition of high… More >

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ARTICLE

Eric A. Singer, Dragan J. Golijanin, Edward M. Messing
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.6, pp. 4381-4387, 2008
Abstract Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been the cornerstone of treatment for advanced prostate cancer for over 65 years. Although there can be worrisome side effects, data will be presented that for men with metastatic prostate cancer, immediate ADT can reduce the likelihood of developing the rare but catastrophic sequellae of metastatic disease, although it is unlikely to prolong survival compared with waiting for symptoms before initiating ADT. Additionally, for patients with extremely high risk prostate cancer that is not distantly metastatic (e.g. have a life expectancy from prostate cancer less than 10 years with all… More >

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ARTICLE

Elise De
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.6, pp. 4388-4398, 2008
Abstract Urologists experience frustration in the treatment of refractory overactive bladder for a multitude of reasons. Clinical failure experienced in managing these patients can lead to long office interactions and feelings of inadequacy for both patient and provider. With newer, technically straightforward interventions, this population can be approached with confidence. Appropriately timed diagnostics are essential in identifying neoplastic, neurogenic, and infectious causes for refractory overactive bladder. When approached in an efficient, stepwise fashion, outcomes can be highly satisfactory for both the patient and the provider. More >

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REVIEW

Lynn Stothers, Babak Shadgan, Andrew Macnab
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.6, pp. 4399-4409, 2008
Abstract Objective: Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) uses light to monitor changes in the concentration of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin in living tissue non-invasively and in real time. Applications of NIRS in urology research and the strengths and limitations of this technology are reviewed.
Material and methods: A Medline and PubMed search using "spectroscopy" with heading terms: near infrared (NIR), near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), urology, kidney, renal, urinary tract, bladder, prostate, testis and penis.
Results: Research incorporating NIRS has investigated a range of urologic conditions where a hemodynamic or vascular etiology is thought to be the underlying pathophysiology: as an aid… More >

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ARTICLE

T. C. Theoharides^1,2,3, D. Kempuraj¹, S. Vakali¹, G. R. Sant⁴
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.6, pp. 4410-4414, 2008
Abstract Objectives: Interstitial cystitis/Painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) is a chronic bladder condition of unknown etiology and pathogenesis. However, there is evidence of bladder surface mucosal and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) dysfunction in IC/PBS and GAG replacement therapy has been used to treat the condition. The results of an open label, uncontrolled study of a dietary supplement designed to improve GAG mucopolysaccharides integrity (glucosamine sulfate, sodium hyaluronate and chondroitin sulfate) and reduce bladder wall inflammation (quercetin, rutin) are presented herein.
Methods: Two hundred fifty two IC/PBS patients (25 men, 227 women; 18-69 years old), who had failed other treatments, took four… More >

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ARTICLE

Daniel Taussky¹, Aihua Liu², Michal Abrahamowicz², Eve Léger-Bélanger¹, Jean-Paul Bahary¹, Marie-Claude Beauchemin¹, Thu Van Nguyen¹, David Donath¹, Fred Saad³
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.6, pp. 4415-4420, 2008
Abstract Objective: The present study aimed to analyze factors influencing treatment decisions in patients diagnosed with low risk prostate cancer who were referred to a brachytherapy clinic and had to choose from four treatment options: expectant management (watchful waiting), radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy, and permanent seed brachytherapy.
Methods: We analyzed factors that influenced the treatment decisions of 110 consecutive patients with low risk prostate cancer who were referred to a brachytherapy clinic in a hospital in Montreal, Canada. These factors included patient age, marital status, and profession, as well as referral source (a urologist or a… More >

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CASE REPORT

Peter Ma¹, Tim Leonard², J. C. Trussell³
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.6, pp. 4421-4424, 2008
Abstract We present a patient with a T2NXMX lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) of the lower third of her left ureter discovered incidentally during removal of a large uterine mass. This case of LELC is unique for its presentation in the context of fibroid mass and its distinct (incidental) manner of discovery. To our knowledge, this will be the sixth case report to describe LELC of the ureter. A review of available literature and summary of upper tract cases are provided. More >

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CASE REPORT

Aditya Bagrodia¹, Robert Gold^1,2, Charles Handorf^1,3, Andrew Liman⁴, Ithaar H. Derweesh¹
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.6, pp. 4425-4427, 2008
Abstract We report a case of metastatic collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) incidentally found on computer assisted tomography in an 18-year-old male who presented status post a motor vehicle crash (MVC). The patient underwent total nephrectomy/renal vein thrombectomy with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, followed by multimodal therapy, with gemcitabine and platinum salt therapy, effecting a short lived complete response, followed by single agent paclitaxel chemotherapy effecting a similarly short lived partial response. We conclude that cytoreductive nephrectomy and lymphadenectomy combined with chemotherapy may be useful for extending and increasing the quality of life of selected patients with More >

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RESIDENT’S CORNER

Jeffrey J. Tomaszewski, Marc C. Smaldone, Ronald M. Benoit
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.6, pp. 4428-4430, 2008
Abstract Peritoneal carcinomatosis, the second most common cause of death among patients with colorectal carcinoma, may be managed with cytoreductive surgery and adjuvant intraoperative peritoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy (IHPC). We present the case of a 35-year-old male with locally recurrent colorectal adenocarcinoma in the inguinal canal and testis following intraperitoneal debulking and IPHC. When communicating with the peritoneal cavity, the inguinal canal may act as an anatomic sanctuary site and allow peritoneal carcinomatosis to escape the effects of intraperitoneal chemotherapy. More >

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RESIDENT’S CORNER

K. Clint Cary, Chandru P. Sundaram
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.6, pp. 4431-4432, 2008
Abstract Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of renal origin, PNET, is extraordinarily rare and often lethal. Here we present a case of renal PNET managed successfully by radical nephrectomy, caval thrombectomy, and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. More >

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CLINICAL TRIALS

Richard W. Casey¹, Jack Barkin²
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.6, pp. 4433-4437, 2008
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CLINICAL TRIALS

Mary J. Mackenzie, George Rodrigues, Eric Winquist
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.6, pp. 4438-4444, 2008
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