Open Access

EDITORIAL

Gabriel P. Haas
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.1, pp. 3857-3857, 2008
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GUEST EDITORIAL

Christopher K.O. Williams
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.1, pp. 3858-3859, 2008
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ARTICLE

Rose I. Anorlu
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.1, pp. 3860-3865, 2008
Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection. The incidence of this infection has been on the rise in recent times. It is estimated that approximately 6 million new HPV infections are acquired each year in the United States alone, and prevalence data suggest that as many as 24 million American adults—that is, 1 in 5—may be infected with HPV. Unfortunately, there is little public awareness and knowledge about the infection and its sequelae. It is well known that more than 90% of cases of anogenital warts are caused by HPV. HPV has… More >

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ARTICLE

Gabriel P. Haas¹, Nicolas Delongchamps¹, Otis W. Brawley^2,3, Ching Y. Wang¹, Gustavo de la Roza⁴
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.1, pp. 3866-3871, 2008
Abstract Introduction: Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed non-skin cancer in the United States and the third leading cause of cancer deaths. International trends in the incidence, mortality and prevalence of prostate cancer are assessed.
Methods: Databases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program of the National Cancer Institute and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and the literature on autopsy studies on prostate cancer were reviewed and summarized in the article.
Results: Prostate cancer remains an important public health concern in Western countries and an emerging malignancy in developing nations. Prostate cancer More >

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ARTICLE

Charnita M. Zeigler-Johnson¹, Elaine Spangler¹, Mohamed Jalloh², Serigne M. Gueye², Hanna Rennert³, Timothy R. Rebbeck^1,4
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.1, pp. 3872-3882, 2008
Abstract Introduction: Disparities in prostate cancer incidence and outcomes are a hallmark of the global pattern of prostate cancer, with men of African descent suffering disproportionately from this disease. The causes of these disparities are poorly understood.
Methods: A review of the literature was undertaken to evaluate the role that genetic susceptibility may play in prostate cancer etiology and outcomes, with a particular emphasis on disparities.
Results: The genetic contribution to prostate cancer is well established, and a number of candidate prostate cancer genes have been identified. Significant differences in the frequency of risk alleles in these genes… More >

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ARTICLE

Mohamed Jalloh¹, Charnita Zeigler-Johnson², Marguette Sylla-Niang¹, Lamine Niang¹, Issa Labou¹, Karamo A. Konte², Timothy R. Rebbeck², Serigne Gueye¹
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.1, pp. 3883-3885, 2008
Abstract Objectives: Limited data exist about prostate cancer screening in Africa. The goal of this study was to describe the distribution of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values in an unselected population of Senegalese men being screened for prostate cancer, and to assess the role of PSA screening tests in the early detection of prostate cancer in this population.
Patients and methods: We undertook a cross-sectional study in a community outreach setting with 113 unselected Senegalese men. Participants completed a questionnaire, underwent a digital rectal examination (DRE), and provided a blood sample for PSA testing. The questionnaire focused on demographic… More >

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ARTICLE

Albert Ruenes Jr¹, Serigne M. Gueye²
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.1, pp. 3886-3889, 2008
Abstract In the United States alone, approximately 220000 new cases of prostate cancer will be detected in 2007, and 27000 men will die of that disease. African American men will suffer disproportionately, having a prostate cancer incidence that is nearly 60% higher than their Caucasian counterparts. In fact, it is widely accepted that African American men have the highest incidence of prostate cancer in the world. This observation has led investigators to study the prostate cancer risk among African men in an effort to identify factors responsible for the high incidence of prostate cancer that plagues… More >

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ARTICLE

E. Oluwabunmi Olapade-Olaopa^1,2, Gloria T. Yisa², H. Adebayo Obamuyide²
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.1, pp. 3890-3898, 2008
Abstract Background: Carcinoma of the prostate (CaP) is the most common male malignancy in developed and developing countries and has been termed the "malignant epidemic of blacks." Despite this, clinicians managing men with advanced CaP in Africa have to contend with significant limitations in the healthcare systems. This article reviews the current and future options for the management of these patients on the African continent.
Methods: We searched PubMed and Google for articles on CaP with an emphasis on those focusing on subpopulation differences. Information was also obtained from ongoing studies and interviews with urologists and other… More >

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ARTICLE

C. F. Heyns, A. van der Merwe
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.1, pp. 3899-3908, 2008
Abstract Accurate epidemiological data about the incidence and mortality of bladder cancer are unavailable for most African countries. Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder is probably less common in rural African regions than in industrialized countries, due to lower levels of exposure to carcinogenic chemicals. In areas with endemic schistosomiasis (bilharzia) caused by parasiticschistosomes(bloodflukes),mostbladdercancer cases are comprised of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).However,withincreasedurbanization,industrialization,and cigarette smoking in many African countries, there is an increasing incidence of TCC relative to SCC of the bladder.
SCC of the bladder presents in patients who are on average 10 to 20 years… More >

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ARTICLE

Paul Ndom
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.1, pp. 3909-3911, 2008
Abstract Background: Cancer patients in Africa face unique challenges beyond the issues of disease pathology and treatment. Most patients present in advanced stages beyond hopes of a cure and their management is confounded by complex socioeconomic and cultural issues unique to underdeveloped countries.
Methods: Critical assessment of the state of cancer care in Africa with focus on the management of advanced stages of the disease. The impact of a shortage of resources, difficulty with access to care and cultural attitudes that impact on the ability to provide state-of-the-art therapies are reviewed.
Results: In contrast to AIDS, malaria, and More >

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MINIMALLY INVASIVE AND ROBOTIC SURGERY

Sero Andonian, Zeph Okeke, Deidre A. Okeke, Ardeshir Rastinehad, Brian A. VanderBrink, Lee Richstone, Benjamin R. Lee
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.1, pp. 3912-3916, 2008
Abstract Introduction: Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery has increased in the areas of cardiac and urologic surgery. We sought to determine the number of reported device malfunctions leading to patient injuries.
Methods: We performed a review of the MAUDE database of the FDA. Adverse events (AE) were defined as potential and actual product use errors and product quality problems. All incidents involving the ZEUS and da Vinci surgical robots were analyzed.
Results: The MAUDE database was last accessed on August 27, 2007. A total of 189 AEs were reported from 2000 to August 27, 2007. Assuming that 50000 robotic-assisted laparoscopic… More >

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CASE REPORT

James Namsupak, Travis Headley, Rocco A. Morabito, Stanley Zaslau, Stanley J. Kandzari
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.1, pp. 3917-3919, 2008
Abstract Encrusted cystitis is a rare chronic inflammatory condition of the bladder. The case of a male patient with dysuria and gross hematuria accompanied by the passage of stone fragments is presented. Multimodal therapy was undertaken. He was treated with Renacidin (citric acid mixture) irrigation as an inpatient. One month later, he underwent cystourethroscopy and was determined to have residual stone and fibrosis of the prostatic urethra. The patient was then treated with cystolitholapaxy and visual internal urethrotomy. This multimodal treatment resulted in resolution of his stone burden at follow-up. More >

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CASE REPORT

Sevgi Bakaris¹, Sefa Resim², Ali Ihsan Tasci³, Gülen Demirpolat⁴
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.1, pp. 3920-3923, 2008
Abstract We report a case of a 44-year-old woman who had coexisting distinct and separate primary tumors of the bladder: a leiomyosarcoma and a transitional cell carcinoma (urothelial cancer). The patient presented with macroscopic hematuria. A computed tomography scan of the pelvis showed a bladder mass along the left anterolateral wall. A transurethral resection of the bladder was performed. A pathological examination revealed that the mass was leiomyosarcoma. The patient underwent radical cystectomy with ileal conduit diversion. The urinary cystectomy specimen revealed an 11 cm x 6 cm x 5 cm solid mass on the left More >

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CASE REPORT

Niki Brenner^*, Robert Kopetschke^*, Manfred Ventz, Christian J. Strasburger, Marcus Quinkler, Helga Gerl
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.1, pp. 3924-3927, 2008
Abstract Ectopic secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is an infrequent cause of Cushing´s syndrome. We report a case of ectopic ACTH syndrome caused by a pheochromocytoma. A 53-year-old female with clinical features of Cushing´s syndrome presented with serious recurrent hypertensive crisis. Endocrinological investigation confirmed the diagnosis of ectopic ACTH production and revealed markedly elevated urinary catecholamines leading to the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Abdominal computerized tomography (CT) scan showed a 3.5 cm left adrenal mass and a nodular hypertrophic right adrenal gland. Bilateral selective adrenal vein catheterization suggested bilateral pheochromocytoma. After treatment with phenoxybenzamine, bilateral adrenalectomy was More >

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CASE REPORT

Luke T. Lavallee, J. P. McCarthy, Richard W. Norman
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.1, pp. 3928-3929, 2008
Abstract We report upon a patient who underwent a subtotal colectomy 2 years prior to presenting for a percutaneous nephrolithotomy of a large stone in the left renal pelvis. At the time of surgery, a non-absorbable suture was found embedded in the stone. Both stone and suture were removed percutaneously. More >

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RESIDENT’S CORNER

Jason W. Anast, Elizabeth R. Williams, Carl Klutke
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.1, pp. 3930-3932, 2008
Abstract Objective: The transobturator tape (TOS) procedure is rapidly becoming a preferred treatment for female stress urinary incontinence due to excellent outcomes and minimal morbidity. Though rare, significant bleeding complications can occur.
Material and methods: We review our experience and available literature of pelvic hematoma formation after TOS placement.
Results: A 56-year-old woman underwent a TOS procedure for stress incontinence. She returned on postoperative day three with nausea and vague suprapubic discomfort, though voiding without difficulty. Office ultrasound and computed tomographic imaging revealed a bi-lobed 8 cm × 10 cm × 11 cm hematoma in the Space of More >

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RESIDENT’S CORNER

Brian Kim¹, Susan J. Robertson², Eric C. Belanger², Kien T. Mai²
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.1, pp. 3933-3935, 2008
Abstract We present an interesting case of a 56-year-old Egyptian woman with high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) associated with schistosomiasis that appeared initially as low-grade (LGUC) disease on transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT). Areas of HGUC and tumor invasion were detected only after meticulous microscopic examination of the partial cystectomy specimen. Furthermore, there were no areas of squamous cell metaplasia identified. This case highlights one of the limitations of biopsy for determining cancer grade and stage. It also emphasizes that schistosomiasis may be associated with non-squamous cell forms of bladder cancer, the pathogenesis of which More >

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RESIDENT’S CORNER

Jonah S. Marshall, Allison L. Cardin, Ganesh Palapattu
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.1, pp. 3936-3938, 2008
Abstract Patients present with foreign bodies in the genitourinary tract of a surprising array of shapes and sizes. We present a case of a woman with a metallic pipe lodged in the bladder and a novel technique for removing it. The patient underwent cystoscopy and a prolene snare was fashioned intraoperatively which facilitated safe and rapid extraction of the metallic pipe. Foreign bodies in the genitourinary tract present the urologist with a unique challenge and we present a simple, cheap, and effective way of managing these objects using an easily constructed cystoscopic snare. More >

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CLINICAL TRIALS

Richard W. Casey¹, Jack Barkin²
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.1, pp. 3939-3941, 2008
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CLINICAL TRIALS

Eric Winquist, Mary J. Mackenzie, George Rodrigues
Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.1, pp. 3942-3949, 2008 - 23 June 2025
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